Abstract: A microphone unit comprises a vibratory diaphragm for detecting sound input through its first and second openings. The sound input through the first opening is guided to a front surface of the vibratory diaphragm while the sound input through the second opening is guided to a rear surface of the vibratory diaphragm so as to detect the sound by the vibration of the vibratory diaphragm. The microphone unit satisfies relation 0.76?D/?r?2.0 where D is difference in time between the sound propagation time from the first opening to the front surface of the vibratory diaphragm and that from the second opening to the rear surface of the vibratory diaphragm, while ?r is distance between the first and second openings. The relation D/?r?2.0 can reduce far-field noise, while the relation 0.76?D/?r can increase the detection sensitivity to sound emitted from a null point.

Abstract: A microphone unit is provided with an electroacoustic conversion portion that includes a diaphragm vibrated by sound pressure and that converts the sound pressure into electrical signals and a board on which the electroacoustic conversion portion is mounted. In the board, there are provided a board opening portion that is formed to face the diaphragm and locating walls that come in contact with the electroacoustic conversion portion to locate the electroacoustic conversion portion.

Abstract: A microphone unit comprises a microphone, leg members and a base. The microphone comprises a diaphragm for detecting sound and a housing for containing the diaphragm. The leg members project outwardly from a rear wall of the housing, and are provided near a second through-hole which connects a second inner space to outer space. The base is connected to the leg members to form a gap between the housing and the base. When the microphone unit thus formed in a simple structure and reduced thickness is mounted in a product, the gap allows the outer space to be connected to the second inner space through the second through-hole, making it possible to efficiently guide sound to the second inner space and obtain good differential characteristics.

Abstract: In a variable-shape mirror provided with a support base, a mirror portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has, on a side thereof facing away from the support base, a mirror surface which is irradiated with a light beam, and piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary the shape of the mirror surface, the piezoelectric elements are bonded, by means of a thin layer of metal, to at least one of the support base and the mirror portion by the application of heat and pressure.

Abstract: A microphone unit is disposed in the inside of a first housing of a voice input apparatus. The microphone unit includes: a second housing; a diaphragm which is disposed in the inside of the second housing; and an electric circuit portion which processes an electric signal that is generated based on a vibration of the diaphragm. In the voice input apparatus, a first sound guide space which guides a sound outside the first housing to a first surface of the diaphragm and a second sound guide space which guides a sound outside the first housing to a second surface of the diaphragm are formed. The electric circuit portion is disposed in either one of the first sound guide space and the second sound guide space; and an acoustic resistance portion which adjusts at least one of a frequency characteristic of the first sound guide space and a frequency characteristic of the second sound guide space is formed.

Abstract: A microphone unit includes: a housing; a diaphragm which is disposed in the inside of the housing; and an electric circuit portion which processes an electric signal that is generated based on a vibration of the diaphragm. In the housing, a first sound guide space which guides a sound outside the housing to a first surface of the diaphragm via a first sound hole and a second sound guide space which guides a sound outside the housing to a second surface, that is, an opposite surface of the diaphragm via a second sound hole are formed. The electric circuit portion is disposed in either one of the first sound guide space and the second sound guide space; and an acoustic resistance portion which adjusts at least one of a frequency characteristic of the first sound guide space and a frequency characteristic of the second sound guide space is formed.

Abstract: A flexible tubular lining material impregnated with a thermosetting resin is folded and bound with binding members to provide a reduced width. Two elastic and rigid strip members are inserted into loop members attached to the lining material and are removably attached so as to sandwich the lining material. During pipeline lining work, the lining material to which the strip members have been attached is first inserted into a lateral pipe from a main pipe. The strip members are then removed from the lining material so that the lining material may remain inside the pipeline. The strip members are extracted from the pipeline, and the lining material is then made to expand via application of pressure from the inside. While kept in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the pipeline, the lining material is heated in order to cure the thermosetting resin thereof.

Abstract: A voice sound input apparatus, adapted to be inputted a sound and configured to output sound data, includes: a display unit; a first microphone, related to a first sound hole; a second microphone, related to a second sound hole; a signal processing unit; and a microphone holding unit, formed with the first sound hole, and adapted to extend toward a sound source predicted position; wherein a distance between the first sound hole and the second sound hole is a distance that a phase component of a sound strength ratio is lower than or equal to 0 dB, the sound strength ratio being a ratio between a strength of a sound component contained in differential sound pressure of sounds entered to the first sound hole and the second sound hole and a strength of sound pressure of the sound entered to the first sound hole.

Abstract: A voice sound input apparatus, adapted to be inputted a sound and output sound data, includes: a first microphone, related to a first sound hole; a second microphone, related to a second sound hole; a signal processing unit, configured to perform a signal processing; and a wireless transmission unit, configured to transmit the sound data based on an output signal of the signal processing unit, wherein a distance between the first sound hole and the second sound hole is a distance that a phase component of a sound strength ratio is lower than or equal to 0 dB, the sound strength ratio being a ratio between a strength of a sound component contained in differential sound pressure of sounds entered to the first sound hole and the second sound hole and a strength of sound pressure of the sound entered to the first sound hole.

Abstract: A microphone unit includes a microphone substrate. A plurality of diaphragm units are disposed on the microphone substrate. Each of the diaphragm units includes a diaphragm. A plurality of partition walls are disposed on the microphone substrate. Each of the partition walls surrounds the diaphragm so as to define a first area. A signal processor is disposed at a second area outside the first area and is configured to process signals output from the diaphragm units.

Abstract: A microphone unit includes a substrate. The substrate includes a first face formed with a first recess, a second face opposite to the first face, and a through hole communicating the second face to a bottom part of the first recess. A diaphragm unit includes a diaphragm, and at least a part of which is disposed in the first recess so that the diaphragm opposes the through hole.

Abstract: A flexible tubular lining material impregnated with a thermosetting resin is folded and bound with a tape to provide a reduced width. Two steel belts are inserted into belt loops and are removably attached so as to sandwich the lining material. Another steel belt is fixedly attached to one end of the lining material. During pipeline lining work, first, the steel-belted lining material is inserted into a lateral pipe from the main pipe. The steel belts are then removed from the lining material so that the lining material may remain inside the pipeline. After the steel belts are extracted from the pipeline, the lining material is made to expand via application of pressure from the inside. While kept in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the pipeline, the lining material is heated in order to cure the thermosetting resin therein.

Abstract: A sound signal transmitter-receiver includes a differential microphone for receiving sounds respectively at first and second points to convert the receiving sounds into a transmission sound signal; a transmission-reception unit for receiving an incoming signal as a reception sound signal; an addition unit for adding the reception sound signal from the transmission-reception unit and the transmission sound signal to produce an addition signal; and a speaker outputting sound based on the addition signal.

Abstract: A microphone unit includes: a partition member, including a vibration film configured to be vibrated by sound; a housing, defining an inner space, and formed with a first opening and a second opening, the inner space being divided into a first space and a second space by the partition member, the first space adapted to be communicated with an outer space via the first opening, and the second space adapted to be communicated with the outer space via the second opening; and a shutter, configured to close one of the first and second openings; and an amplifier, configured to: amplify an electric signal at a first gain when the shutter closes the one of the first and second openings; and amplify the electric signal at a second gain that is larger than the first gain when first and second openings are opened.

Abstract: A sound input device includes a differential microphone, configured to receive sound including noise, and generate a first signal in accordance with the sound; a detector, configured to detect the noise, and generate a second signal in accordance with the detected noise; and a controller, configured to control at least one of suppression of high-frequency components of the first signal and changing of a frequency band to be suppressed of the first signal based on the second signal.

Abstract: A microphone system, includes: a housing, adapted to be placed in a reference position relative to a sound source; a first microphone, configured to receive sound from the sound source at a first position within the housing; a second microphone, configured to receive sound from the sound source at a second position within the housing; and a differential signal generator, wherein: the first and second positions are arranged on a first line; and the first line perpendicularly intersects a second line that is extended from the sound source at a third position which is not between the first and second positions, and obliquely intersects a third line that is extended from the sound source at a fourth position which is between the first and second positions, when the housing is placed at the reference position.

Abstract: In a variable-shape mirror provided with a support base, a mirror portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has, on a side thereof facing away from the support base, a mirror surface which is irradiated with a light beam, and piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary the shape of the mirror surface, the piezoelectric elements are bonded, by means of a thin layer of metal, to at least one of the support base and the mirror portion by the application of heat and pressure.

Abstract: A voice input-output device includes a voice input section and a voice output section. The voice input section includes a microphone unit, the microphone unit including a housing that has an inner space, a partition member that is provided in the housing and divides the inner space into a first space and a second space, the partition member being at least partially formed of a diaphragm, and an electrical signal output circuit that outputs an electrical signal that is the first voice signal based on vibrations of the diaphragm, a first through-hole through which the first space communicates with an outer space of the housing and a second through-hole through which the second space communicates with the outer space being formed in the housing. The voice output section includes: an ambient noise detection section that detects ambient noise during a call based on the first voice signal; and a volume control section that controls volume of the speaker based on a degree of the detected ambient noise.

Abstract: A variable shape mirror includes a support substrate provided with a conductive bonding portion that is divided into two areas bonded to a lamination type piezoelectric actuator. A bonding surface of the piezoelectric actuator is provided with a first metal film that is divided into a first area and a second area that are not connected to each other electrically. Side faces of the piezoelectric actuator are provided with a second metal film that connects a first common electrode to the first area electrically or connects a second common electrode to the second area electrically. The piezoelectric actuator is disposed on the bonding portion so that the individual areas of the first metal film are connected electrically to the different areas of the bonding portion, respectively.

Abstract: The variable-shape mirror is provided with a support base and a minor portion that is disposed to face the support base and that has on a side thereof facing away from the support base a minor surface which is irradiated with a light beam. There are also provided piezoelectric elements that are sandwiched between the support base and the mirror portion and that vary the shape of the mirror surface. The piezoelectric elements are bonded, through a thin layer of metal that is separately provided for bonding, to at least one of the support base and the mirror portion. A driving voltage to the piezoelectric elements is supplied through the thin layer of metal.