Abstract: This invention relates to a process to polymerize olefins comprising contacting, in a polymerization system, olefins having three or more carbon atoms with a catalyst compound, activator, optionally comonomer, and optionally diluent or solvent, at a temperature above the cloud point temperature of the polymerization system and a pressure no lower than 10 MPa below the cloud point pressure of the polymerization system, where the polymerization system comprises any comonomer present, any diluent or solvent present, the polymer product, where the olefins having three or more carbon atoms are present at 40 weight % or more, wherein the metallocene catalyst compound is represented by the formula: where M is a transition metal selected from group 4 of the periodic table; each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl and functional group, and any two R1 groups may be linked, provided that if the two R1 groups are linked, then they do not form a but

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes for preparing supported metal catalysts comprising one or more catalytically active metals applied to a porous catalyst support and to processes that use such catalysts. The process requires the formation of an organic complex during the manufacture of the catalyst which after its formation is either partially or fully decomposed before reduction if the metal to form the catalyst. The catalysts have high levels of metal dispersion and uniform distribution of catalytically active metals on the support. The catalysts obtained form the processes are particularly effective in catalysing Fischer-Tropsch reactions and as adsorbants for the removal or organosulfur compounds from hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process to polymerize olefins comprising contacting, in a polymerization system, olefins having three or more carbon atoms with a catalyst compound, activator, optionally comonomer, and optionally diluent or solvent, at a temperature above the cloud point temperature of the polymerization system and a pressure no lower than 10 MPa below the cloud point pressure of the polymerization system, where the polymerization system comprises any comonomer present, any diluent or solvent present, the polymer product, where the olefins having three or more carbon atoms are present at 40 weight % or more, wherein the metallocene catalyst compound is represented by the formula: where M is a transition metal selected from group 4 of the periodic table; each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl and functional group, and any two R1 groups may be linked, provided that if the two R1 groups are linked, then they do not form a but

Abstract: An in situ process for conducting regeneration of spent hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst. Regenerated, but not yet re-activated, catalyst (15) may be introduced into an operating HCS reactor (1) that has catalyst rejuvenation means (14). Any combination of a fresh, activated catalyst, a fresh, passivated catalyst or short-term or long-term deactivated catalysts may already be present in the HCS reactor (1). The regenerated, but not yet re-activated catalyst is activated in the HCS reactor (1) with rejuvenation means (14) at normal process conditions. The HCS reactor (1) receives syngas through the inlet line (3) and releases liquid hydrocarbons through outlet line (4) and gaseous hydrocarbon and unreacted syngas through the offgas line (2). Catalyst is removed from the HCS reactor (1) through the slipstream line (5) and into a filtration unit (6) which is fed with a stripping fluid (7). The filtered catalyst proceeds to the regeneration unit (9) which is fed a regenerative fluid (10).

Abstract: Applications and users dynamically make QoS provisioning requests for individual traffic flows traversing client and server hosts. A traffic flow provisioning request is conveyed to a services manager, which determines a set of traffic attributes for the flow and determines the networks the flow traverses between the client and server hosts. The services manger then oversees the admission of the flow to appropriate traffic classes in each determined network and the obtaining of a DSCP value for each network. Lastly, the services manger conveys the DSCP value of the first network traversed back to the client or server host, depending on the direction of the flow, which host is then configured to appropriately mark the DSCP field of the traffic flow packets. In a further embodiment, the services manager also instructs the client or server host to perform packet policing and shaping for the flow.

Abstract: Linear alpha olefins having from four to twenty carbon atoms and low amounts of oxygenates are synthesized, by producing a synthesis gas containing H2 and CO from natural gas and passing it over a non-shifting cobalt catalyst at reaction conditions of temperature, % CO conversion, and gas feed H2:CO mole ratio land water vapor pressure, effective for the mathematical expression 200−0.6T+0.03PH2O−0.6XCO−8(H2:CO) to have a numerical value greater than or equal to 50. This process can be integrated into a conventional Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis process producing fuels and lubricant oils.

Abstract: Linear alpha olefins having from four to twenty carbon atoms and low amounts of oxygenates are synthesized, by producing a synthesis gas containing H2 and CO from natural gas and passing it over a non-shifting cobalt catalyst at reaction conditions of temperature, % CO conversion, and gas feed H2:CO mole ratio and water vapor pressure, effective for the mathematical expression 200−0.6T+0.03PH2O−0.6XCO−8(H2:CO) to have a numerical value greater than or equal to 50. This process can be integrated into a conventional Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis process producing fuels and lubricant oils.

Abstract: An in situ process for conducting regeneration of spent hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst. Regenerated, but not yet re-activated, catalyst (15) may be introduced into an operating HCS reactor (1) that has catalyst rejuvenation means (14). Any combination of a fresh, activated catalyst, a fresh, passivated catalyst or short-term or long-term deactivated catalysts may already be present in the HCS reactor (1). The regenerated, but not yet re-activated catalyst is activated in the HCS reactor (1) with rejuvenation means (14) at normal process conditions. The HCS reactor (1) receives syngas through the inlet line (3) and releases liquid hydrocarbons through outlet line (4) and gaseous hydrocarbon and unreacted syngas through the offgas line (2). Catalyst is removed from the HCS reactor (1) through the slipstream line (5) and into a filtration unit (6) which is fed with a stripping fluid (7). The filtered catalyst proceeds to the regeneration unit (9) which is fed a regenerative fluid (10).

Abstract: Esters of branched C9 alcohols suitable as plasticizers are formed by esterification of a C9 alcohol produced by the aldol condensation from propanal and a C6 aldehyde and hydrogenation, the propanal optionally having been made from natural gas streams.

Abstract: Esters of branched C.sub.9 alcohols suitable as plasticizers are formed by esterification of a C.sub.9 alcohol produced by the aldol condensation from propanal and a C.sub.6 aldehyde and hydrogenation, the propanal optionally having been made from natural gas streams.

Abstract: A dilute ethylene stream, e.g., one produced by steam cracking, is oxonated to yield propanal, without the need to separate other lower hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The invention is a process for production of C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 aldehydes by hydroformylating a mixture containing: (a) C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins and mixtures thereof, and (b) (i) C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkynes and mixtures thereof or (ii) C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 cumulated dienes and mixtures thereof or (iii) mixtures of (i) and (ii), with CO, H.sub.2 and a solution of a rhodium complex catalyst produced by complexing Rh and an organophosphorus compound at a concentration of Rh in solution from 1 to 1000 ppm by weight. Alternatively, the solution of rhodium complex catalyst can have a P/Rh atom ratio of at least 30. Alternatively, the solution of rhodium complex catalyst can have a P/Rh atom ratio greater than the value R.sub.L defined by the formula: ##EQU1## in which R.sub.B is the P/Rh ratio sufficient for a catalytically active Rh complex, pKa.sub.TPP is the pKa value for triphenylphosphine, pKa.sub.L is the pKa value for the triorganophosphorus compound, R is the gas constant, and .DELTA.S.sub.

Abstract: The invention is a process for hydroformylating multicomponent syngas feed streams containing CO, H.sub.2, C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins and mixtures thereof and C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 alkynes and mixtures thereof by contacting the multicomponent syngas feed stream with a solution of an oil soluble rhodium complex catalyst produced by complexing in solution a low valence Rh and an oil soluble triorganophoshorous compound wherein the catalyst has a P/Rh ratio of at least 30, a concentration of Rh in solution from about 1 to about 1000 ppm by weight, a total concentration of coordinatively active P of at least about 0.01 mol/l, and a ratio of [P]/p.sub.co of at least 0.1 mmol/l/kPa, wherein [P] is the total concentration of coordinatively active phosphorous in the solution, and p.sub.co is the partial pressure of CO, to produce the corresponding C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 aldehydes. The process has utility for the hydroformylation of streams that contain olefins and alkynes.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the preferential removal of a variable amount of alkynes and multiunsaturates from a gas stream containing at least hydrogen, olefins, alkynes, and multiunsaturates by contacting a gas stream containing H.sub.2, olefins, alkynes and multiunsaturates with a metal complex-containing stream selected from the group consisting of liquids and slurries, at conditions sufficient to form multiunsaturate adducts of the metal complex, by introducing the metal complex stream at a rate sufficient to form stoichiometric adducts of the alkynes and multiunsaturates to be removed, and removing the alkyne and multiunsaturate adducts of the metal complex. The invention has utility for removal of multiunsaturates from multicomponent syngas streams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering unreacted unsaturated hydrocarbons from an effluent stream of a process for synthesizing oxygenated hydrocarbons from unsaturated hydrocarbons, said stream containing unreacted unsaturated hydrocarbons, oxygenated reaction products, and low-boiling gaseous components selected from the group including CO, H.sub.2, CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkanes, nitrogen, helium, and argon by absorbing the unreacted unsaturated hydrocarbons and the oxygenated hydrocarbons of the synthesis process effluent stream in a solvent wherein said solvent is an unsaturates-depleted stream of the oxygenated product of said synthesis process, and stripping the unsaturated hydrocarbons from the solvent to produce a first stream concentrated in unsaturates and a second stream of oxygenated product depleted in unsaturates, wherein said unsaturates-depleted stream is the absorption solvent and the synthesis process product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for selectively producing alkyl halides from alkanes, such as methane and ethane at relatively mild temperatures and pressures in an organic liquid phase in the presence of halogen and transition metal complex. The alkane may be neat if in a liquid form, or may be solubilized with a suitable organic solvent, if the alkane not a liquid at reaction conditions. The reaction is for a time, under conditions of temperature and pressure and in effective amounts that will permit the formation of alkyl halides. Optional hydrolysis to the corresponding alcohols may follow. The alkyl halides have utility as precursors for alternative fuels, such as methanol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly elongated member of substantially uniform cross-sectional configuration which is capable of improved service as a stiffening support in an optical fiber cable. Such elongated member is the product of melt extrusion through an appropriate orifice of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (as described). The resulting elongated member has been found to offer significant advantages when compared to stiffening supports heretofore proposed for use in optical fiber cables.

Abstract: A fiber-optic cable has reinforcement in the form of an elongated member such as a hollow tube, a member of solid circular cross-section, a channel member and/or an outer jacket formed of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer. That polymer has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion in the range of from -10.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.F. to -4.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.F. The reinforcing members constitute strength members which are preferably formed separate from, or simultaneously with, the introduction of an optical fiber.