Abstract: The present invention discloses a path switching method and apparatus in a network comprising at least a first path and a second path. For an incoming traffic flow, it is determined that any of tunnels on the first path of all levels into which the incoming traffic flow is multiplexed is of a failure status. The incoming traffic flow is then forwarded via the second path. Herein, for the first path, one or more traffic flows are multiplexed into a tunnel, and one or more higher level tunnels are multiplexed into a lower level tunnel.

Abstract: Presented is an apparatus 200, 300, 400 and methods 500 for detecting any burst error condition on a network 204. The apparatus 200, 300, 400 measures the interval 206, 306, 406 between arriving packets 304, 404 on a network 204 and stores 208 a series of interval measurements for analysis. The apparatus 200, 300, 400 also provides a comparator 212, 322, 324, 426, 428 for determining if a burst error condition 330, 332, 434, 436 occurred. The method 500 shifts the stored interval values 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416 based on the arrival 304, 404 of the next packet and its associated interval value and sums 320, 418, 420, 422 a subset of the stored interval values 306, 308, 310, 312, 406, 408, 410, 412 for comparison to a pre-configured period 328, 432 to determine if a burst error condition 332, 436 exists for too few packets.

Abstract: In a communication protocol wherein state machines maintained by protocol peer nodes transition state only in response to their current state and the state of the peer node, a packet filter engine (33) on a network node (30) is operative to inspect received protocol packets, and filter out redundant packets. The packet filter engine (33) retrieves a current state of a protocol state machine running on a remote node from a protocol packet, and the current state of the local node from a current state table (40). The two states are used to determine the next state of the local node (30). If the current state of the local node (30) and the next state of the local node (30) are the same, the local state machine will not transition states, and the packet is discarded. If the current state of the local node (30) and the next state of the local node (30) are different, the protocol packet is passed to a processor (44) for updating the local state machine and other processing.

Abstract: A method for testing a multi-chip system including multiple ports is provided. The method comprises determining a test path formed by connecting the multiple ports, in which the test path is determined in such a way that the internal logic circuit of each chip in the multi-chip system is bypassed, injecting a test traffic to the test path, and receiving the test traffic from the test path.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a path switching method and apparatus in a network comprising at least a first path and a second path. For an incoming traffic flow, it is determined that any of tunnels on the first path of all levels into which the incoming traffic flow is multiplexed is of a failure status. The incoming traffic flow is then forwarded via the second path. Herein, for the first path, one or more traffic flows are multiplexed into a tunnel, and one or more higher level tunnels are multiplexed into a lower level tunnel.

Abstract: A processing circuit comprises a plurality of modules connected in series to form a module pipeline. Each module comprises one or more registers having corresponding addresses within an address range for the module. A register request, including a target register address, is passed from one module to succeeding modules down the module pipeline until the register request is received at the module containing the targeted register. Data is written into or read out from the targeted register.

Abstract: Presented is an apparatus 200, 300, 400 and methods 500 for detecting any burst error condition on a network 204. The apparatus 200, 300, 400 measures the interval 206, 306, 406 between arriving packets 304, 404 on a network 204 and stores 208 a series of interval measurements for analysis. The apparatus 200, 300, 400 also provides a comparator 212, 322, 324, 426, 428 for determining if a burst error condition 330, 332, 434, 436 occurred. The method 500 shifts the stored interval values 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416 based on the arrival 304, 404 of the next packet and its associated interval value and sums 320, 418, 420, 422 a subset of the stored interval values 306, 308, 310, 312, 406, 408, 410, 412 for comparison to a pre-configured period 328, 432 to determine if a burst error condition 332, 436 exists for too few packets.

Abstract: A method and circuit is provided for determining a control voltage of a voltage controlled oscillator with fast frequency lock of a phase-locked loop and which is advantageous to the situation when an ultra-low frequency reference is used. The method and circuit determines a current error between a reference clock signal and a feedback clock signal, and checks if the error is larger than the threshold value which checks if an error sign indicator is set, i.e.

Abstract: A method and circuit is provided for determining a control voltage of a voltage controlled oscillator with fast frequency lock of a phase-locked loop and which is advantageous to the situation when an ultra-low frequency reference is used. The method and circuit determines a current error between a reference clock signal and a feedback clock signal, and checks if the error is larger than the threshold value which checks if an error sign indicator is set, i.e.

Abstract: The present invention provides a (meth)acrylate containing a heterocyclic ring, which is a structure necessary for achieving physical properties required in many fields, and a hydrophilic group in the same monomer molecule and further provides a process for producing the same from industrially easily-available starting materials by industrially feasible reactions. A (meth)acryloyloxytetrahydrofuran having a structure represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 each is a hydrogen atom or a (meth)acryloyl group represented by the following general formula (2) and at least one of R1 and R2 is a (meth)acryloyl group represented by the general formula (2).