Abstract: A laser pump cavity includes a heat sink holder with a central through hole, a plurality of slot portions, and a plurality of single emitters. The single emitter includes a heat sink and a single core disposed on the heat sink. The slot portions are uniformly spaced and surround the through hole. The single emitters are connected end to end, thereby forming at least one single emitter array. The at least one single emitter array is disposed in corresponding slot portions with each single core facing the through hole.

Abstract: An apparatus for wireless communication includes a processing system. The processing system is configured to perform a first set of functions in a first thread. The first set of functions includes obtaining second data from a second thread and providing first data to the second thread to facilitate construction of an uplink packet in the second thread. The processing system is further configured to perform a second set of functions in the second thread. The second set of functions includes obtaining the first data, constructing the uplink packet based on the first data, and providing the second data to the first thread to facilitate the performing of the first set of functions.

Abstract: This innovation relates to systems and methods for transmission of protocol data units, and more particularly to processing polling requests from a radio link control peer. A radio link control transmitter can poll a receiver to obtain a report regarding the status of a set of data packets, and the polls can be sent in-band with a data packet. The receiver can determine to wait before sending the status report based on one or more characteristics of the received data packets.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described herein that facilitate efficient handling of packets (e.g., Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Protocol Data Units (PDUs) or Service Data Units (SDUs)) in a wireless communication system. As described herein, a number of consecutive packets that are discarded due to a discard timer expiration event and/or other causes can be monitored and compared to a number of tolerated consecutive discarded packets. If the number of consecutive discarded packets does not exceed the number of tolerated consecutive packets, conventional processing operations such as header modification and compression, ciphering, or the like can be omitted for respective packets subsequent to a discarded packet, thereby significantly reducing processing overhead. As further described herein, the number of tolerated consecutive discarded packets can be chosen to maintain header compression (e.g.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate formation and/or dispatch of radio link control (RLC) protocol status reports to a base station. The system can include components that quantify an absence of protocol data units, ascertain whether a number of absent protocol data units exceeds the size of a transmission side grant, insert a sequence number associated with a first absent protocol data unit into an acknowledgement sequence number field associated with a partial status report, incorporates the sequence number associated with the first absent protocol data unit in the partial status report, includes sequence numbers of subsequent absent protocol data units into the partial status report without exceeding the transmission side grant, and sends the partial status report to the base station.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst used for converting coal tar to diesel, the preparation method and use thereof The catalyst has a compound of iodine, an inorganic oxide matrix and the compound dispersed therein; or an inorganic oxide matrix and the compound dispersed therein together with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, and relates to a method of coal tar converse to diesel in which at least one of the catalysts are used by dispersing an iodine compound in an inorganic oxide matrix.

Abstract: In order to dampen magnetization changes in magnetic devices, such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) used in high speed Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), a transition metal selected from the 4d transition metals and 5d transition metals is alloyed into the magnetic layer to be dampened. In a preferred form, a magnetic permalloy layer is alloyed with osmium (Os) in an atomic concentration of between 4% and 15% of the alloy.

Abstract: A scanning magnetic microscope SMM (20) includes a sensor (10) for sensing a magnetic field generated by a specimen (78), the sensor including one of a MTJ, a GMR, or an EHE sensor; translation apparatus (22A–C, 52) for translating the sensor relative to a surface of sad specimen; and a data processor (50), having an input coupled to an output of said sensor, for constructing an image of said magnetic field. The sensor preferably includes one to three sensing units each defining a sensing axis for sensing a component of a magnetic field from a specimen, the sensing units disposed such that the sensing axes are orthogonal to one another. Pluralities of such sensors can be disposed in two or three dimensional arrays. The SMM can be used for examining the current flow in ICs, electromigration, magnetic data storage media, biomagnetic systems and magnetic ink used to print currency.

Abstract: A scanning magnetic microscope (SMM) (20) includes a current source (27) for imposing an excitation current to a conductor-under-test (CUT) (70) and, if applicable, a reference current to a proximally located reference conductor (72). During accelerated testing, the SMM (20) corrects thermal drift of the CUT (70) via the reference conductor (72). A sensor (21) may be cooled by a heat sink (31) such as a pump (33) directing an airstream or a coldfinger (80). The sensor may switch from a contact to a non-contact mode of scanning the CUT (70). The SMM (20) and methods are useful for measuring electromigration in a CUT (70) as it occurs, for assembling the images into time lapsed representations such as a shape of the CUT (70), for measuring electromigration as a function of a cross sectional area of a wire under a dielectric material (DM) (78), for determining electrical parameters of the CUT (70), and for optimizing a thickness of a DM (78) over a CUT (70).

Abstract: A scanning magnetic microscope (SMM) 20 includes a current source 27 for imposing an excitation current to a conductor-under-test (CUT) 70 and, if applicable, a reference current to a proximally located reference conductor 72. During accelerated testing, the SMM 20 corrects thermal drift of the CUT 70 via the reference conductor 72. A sensor 21 may be cooled by a heat sink 31 such as a pump 33 directing an airstream or a coldfinger 80. The sensor may switch from a contact to a non-contact mode of scanning the CUT 70. The SMM 20 and methods are useful for measuring electromigration in a CUT 70 as it occurs, for assembling the images into time lapsed representations such as a shape of the CUT 70, for measuring electromigration as a function of a cross sectional area of a wire under a dielectric material (DM) 78, for determining electrical parameters of the CUT 70, and for optimizing a thickness of a DM 78 over a CUT 70.

Abstract: A scanning magnetic microscope SMM (20) includes a sensor (10) for sensing a magnetic field generated by a specimen (78), the sensor including one of a MTJ, a GMR, or an EHE sensor; translation apparatus (22A-C, 52) for translating the sensor relative to a surface of sad specimen; and a data processor (50), having an input coupled to an output of said sensor, for constructing an image of said magnetic field. The sensor preferably includes one to three sensing units each defining a sensing axis for sensing a component of a magnetic field from a specimen, the sensing units disposed such that the sensing axes are orthogonal to one another. Pluralities of such sensors can be disposed in two or three dimensional arrays. The SMM can be used for examining the current flow in ICs, electromigration, magnetic data storage media, biomagnetic systems and magnetic ink used to print currency.

Abstract: Magnetic tunneling junction devices (MTJ) useful for sensing and memory applications and characterized by reduced resistance, magnetic noise, increased sensitivity, and increased magnetoresistance are disclosed herein. A method for fabrication of said MTJ is also disclosed wherein a series of materials are layered upon a substrate under controlled conditions, patterned and subjected to a period of annealing for simultaneously optimizing a plurality of performance parameters.

Abstract: An EHE magnetic sensor has an alloy of the form Ry[MxN100−x]100−y, M being Fe, Co, Ni, or magnetic alloys that contain Fe, Co or Ni. N is from the fifth or sixth period of the periodic table. If present, R is a rare earth element. In one embodiment, the alloy exhibits a Temperature Coefficient ≦0.003 K−1 in the room temperature region. Various geometric shapes of sensors are presented including one and two-dimensional arrays of sensors for measuring spatial magnetic fields. Vias (98, 100, 102, 104) defined by a substrate (92) onto which an alloy layer (106) is disposed are filled with a conductive material in certain embodiments of arrays. Methods are disclosed for making a sensor, for designing a sensor at a thickness, for determining maximum acceptable current through a sensor, for reducing Joule heating of a sensor, and for making an array of sensors.

Abstract: Magnetic tunneling junction devices (MTJ) useful for sensing and memory applications and characterized by reduced resistance, magnetic noise, increased sensitivity, and increased magnetoresistance are disclosed herein. A method for fabrication of said MTJ is also disclosed wherein a series of materials are layered upon a substrate under controlled conditions, patterned and subjected to a period of annealing for simultaneously optimizing a plurality of performance parameters.

Abstract: A scanning magnetic microscope includes a specimen stage for holding a specimen to be examined; a sensor for sensing a magnetic field generated by the specimen, the sensor including one of a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) sensor, a spin valve sensor, or an extraordinary Hall effect sensor; translation apparatus for translating the sensor relative to a surface of said specimen; and a data processor, having an input coupled to an output of said sensor, for constructing an image of said magnetic field. In another embodiment a read/write head from a hard disk drive is shown to make a suitable magnetic sensor. The scanning magnetic microscope can be used for examining the current flow in integrated circuits and related phenomenon, such as electromigration, as well as magnetic data storage media and biomagnetic systems, to mention a few suitable applications.

Abstract: Magnetic tunneling junction devices (MTJ) useful for sensing and memory applications and characterized by reduced resistance, magnetic noise, increased sensitivity, and increased magnetoresistance are disclosed herein. A method for fabrication of said MTJ is also disclosed wherein a series of materials are layered upon a substrate under controlled conditions, patterned and subjected to a period of annealing for simultaneously optimizing a plurality of performance parameters.

Abstract: In order to dampen magnetization changes in magnetic devices, such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) used in high speed Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), a transition metal selected from the 4d transition metals and 5d transition metals is alloyed into the magnetic layer to be dampened. In a preferred form, a magnetic permalloy layer is alloyed with osmium (Os) in an atomic concentration of between 4% and 15% of the alloy.

Abstract: In order to dampen magnetization changes in magnetic devices, such as tunnel junctions (MTJ) used in high speed Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), a transition metal selected from the 4d transition metals and 5d transition metals is alloyed into the magnetic layer to be dampened. In a preferred form, a magnetic permalloy layer is alloyed with osmium (Os) in an atomic concentration of between 4% and 15% of the alloy.

Abstract: A process for producing an alcohol from a gaseous hydrocarbon, e.g. a lower alkane such as methane, via oxidative reaction of the hydrocarbon in a concentrated sulfuric acid medium in the presence of a catalyst employs an added catalyst comprising a substance selected from iodine, iodine compounds, titanium, titanium compounds, chromiun and chromium compounds.

Abstract: A scanning magnetic microscope includes a specimen stage for holding a specimen to be examined; a sensor for sensing a magnetic field generated by the specimen, the sensor including one of a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) sensor, a spin valve sensor, or an extraordinary Hall effect sensor; translation apparatus for translating the sensor relative to a surface of said specimen; and a data processor, having an input coupled to an output of said sensor, for constructing an image of said magnetic field. In another embodiment a read/write head from a hard disk drive is shown to make a suitable magnetic sensor. The scanning magnetic microscope can be used for examining the current flow in integrated circuits and related phenomenon, such as electromigration, as well as magnetic data storage media and biomagnetic systems, to mention a few suitable applications.