Abstract: A pressure regulator can be used particularly in a CNG-operated motor vehicle as an electronically controlled pressure reducer for maintaining the gas pressure constant on the injection valve used for filling the respective cylinder. The pressure regulator is composed of a control unit (1), a pressure reducer (3) that is controlled by the control unit (1), and a throttle (2) which connects the gas outlets (20, 40) of the working chamber (17) of the control unit (1) and the pressure reducer (3). A piezoelectric actuator (11) which affects the valve (21, 22) of an overflow device (14) makes it possible to specifically modify the gas pressure (P2) in the working chamber (17) of the control unit (1) and simultaneously influence the position of the valve (38, 39) of the overflow device (33) of the pressure reducer (3), thus allowing the output pressure (Pout) of the pressure reducer (3) to be adjusted to a predefined desired value.

Abstract: In order to ignite fuel/air mixtures in at least one combustion chamber of a spark ignition engine, the following steps arc carried out: an HF gas discharge as the main discharge (6) is ignited in order to produce a plasma channel (11) in the region of the border between an ignition element and the combustion chamber, and an HF gas discharge as an auxiliary discharge (5) is previously or, at the most, simultaneously ignited in order to generate a flow (12) oriented towards that of the plasma channel (11). The auxiliary discharge (5) is positioned, from the combustion chamber, behind the main discharge (6), such that the oriented flow (12) presses the plasma channel (11) of the main discharge into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A metering device has an actuating unit within a housing in which an actuator is inserted and a hydraulic compensating element. The hydraulic compensating element is connected to the actuator and can be filled with a fluid when subjected to pressure. A first end of the actuator is provided with a first end cap. The metering device further has a stop that is disposed on the housing in the form of a seat, faces the first end cap, and defines a stopping position for the first end cap. The stop maintains a maximum distance between a sealing element and the end cap, the distance being smaller than the actuator traveling distance such that the actuator stroke beyond the end cap is sufficient for opening the valve. The first end cap hits the stop when moving in the direction of the hydraulic compensating element such that the movement is blocked.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a control unit for operating a hydraulic injection valve, which comprises at least one piezoelectric actuator (2), a displaceable component (3) and a hydraulic element (9) such as bearing or a transmission system. The use of a drive voltage (U) modifies the length of an actuator (2), which makes it possible to control the stroke of the displaceable component (a valve needle 3). The inventive control unit (10) produces a polarizing voltage (UB) which pre-stresses the actuator (2) and whose polarization direction is opposite to the polarization direction of said actuator (2). Said invention makes it possible to obtain the greater modification of the length when the actuator (2) operates in the polarization direction than the drive voltage starts at 0 volts, as it was in practice before. Said invention makes it possible to reduce energy consumption.

Abstract: The jacket surface of the piezoelectric actor body (1) is surrounded by an injector housing (9), maintaining an intermediate space and is cooled by direct contact with an inert fluid which does not conduct electricity (6), forming a fluid space in the injector housing (9) which is filled with fluid except for an air reservoir (7). The volume of the air reservoir (7) is at least large enough to allow the thermal expansion of the heat coupling fluid (6) which occurs at the highest operating temperature of the actor body (1).

Abstract: A power output stage for capacitive loads includes: an energy storage inductance, having one end connected to a reference potential and an opposite end connected on the input side to a power supply connection and on the output side to a secondary energy storage capacitance; a primary energy storage capacitance is connected upstream of the energy storage inductance on the input side, and connected on the input side via a primary switching element with a reference potential, and a secondary switching element connected in series with the secondary energy storage capacitance (4), characterized in that the input of the power output stage is clocked by an additional switch.

Abstract: The jacket surface of the piezoelectric actor body (1) is surrounded by an injector housing (9), maintaining an intermediate space and is cooled by direct contact with an inert fluid which does not conduct electricity (6), forming a fluid space in the injector housing (9) which is filled with fluid except for an air reservoir (7). The volume of the air reservoir (7) is at least large enough to allow the thermal expansion of the heat coupling fluid (6) which occurs at the highest operating temperature of the actor body (1).

Abstract: A converter mounting comprises a memory coil inductance (8), a memory primary capacitor (3) mounted upstream of said coil inductance, and a memory secondary capacitor (4), in particular, a piezoelectric actuator, mounted downstream of said coil inductance. Through control of a primary circuit element (12) and of a secondary circuit element (14), the energy of the memory primary capacitor (3) can be transferred to the memory secondary capacitor (4) and recovered.

Abstract: An injection valve for injecting fuel comprises a valve housing (1) inside of which a drive unit (15) controls the movement of a valve needle (5) that is pretensioned by a spring (11). The injection valve also comprises a main chamber (27), which is provided inside the valve housing, is filled with fuel and accommodates the valve needle (5), and comprises a hydraulic bearing for the drive unit (15). The hydraulic bearing has a hydraulic chamber (29) that is connected to the main chamber (27), whereby fuel serves as the operating substance of the hydraulic bearing.

Abstract: A power output stage for capacitive loads includes:

Abstract: A converter mounting comprises a memory coil inductance (8), a memory primary capacitor (3) mounted upstream of said coil inductance, and a memory secondary capacitor (4), in particular, a piezoelectric actuator, mounted downstream of said coil inductance. Through control of a primary circuit element (12) and of a secondary circuit element (14), the energy of the memory primary capacitor (3) can be transferred to the memory secondary capacitor (4) and recovered.

Abstract: A composition for use as an electrical stress controlling layer (12) for use with cable joints and terminations has a non-linear V-I characteristic. The composition comprises a polymeric matrix filled with doped zinc oxide varistor powder. The particulate filler is sieved at 125 micrometers, calcined at 1100.degree. C., and lightly ground to maintain the spherical shape of the particles. More than 50% by weight of the particles have a maximum dimension between 5 and 100 micrometers.