Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forgery-proof labeling of items, such as credit cards, bank notes and the like, comprising the following steps: (a) applying, to a first layer (1) that reflects electromagnetic waves, an inert second layer (3) that is permeable to electromagnetic waves, said second layer having a predetermined thickness, (b) applying, to said second layer (3), a third layer (4) that is formed by metal clusters, and (c) linking the first layer (1) of the label so produced with the item.

Abstract: A new optical sensor is presented, characterized in, that at distance of less than 1 &mgr;m to an electromagnetic waves reflecting layer, analyte-interacting linkers are immobilized onto which elektrically-conducting clusters with a diameter smaller than 500 nm are bound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a counterfeit-proof marking having a carrier layer (1, 1a, 1b) having a communicating pore space and a probe formed from a first biomolecule contained therein. In order to make possible a rapid and reliable identification of the marking on the spot, it is provided according to the invention that the carrier layer (1, 1a, 1b) has a first marking surface (6) containing the probe and a second reference surface (7) not containing the probe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for identify a predetermined mark (32) applied on a solid body (30) and constituted by planar elements (10). The inventive method comprises the following steps: (a) binding first biopolymers to a first part of the planar elements (10) so as to produce a first predetermined partial pattern, (b) contacting the mark (32) with third biopolymers that have an affinity to the first biopolymers so that the first and the third biopolymers bind to one another, and (c) identifying the first partial pattern produced by the bound first and third biopolymers by detecting the bond between the first and the third bipolymers by means of a one-stop detection method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method to increase the sensitivity of a carbon electrode for electrochemically detecting an analyte without electrochemically conditioning the carbon electrode, wherein the method comprises treating the carbon electrode with an ionic detergent which is in solution, wherein the detergent is not incorporated in a coating of the electrode.

Abstract: Conventional elevators have a console for entering control information, via key depression. To make the known control arrangements simpler and more flexible to use by the user, the invention provides audio recording equipment and a speech analysis unit, while a control unit controls the elevator in accordance with entered speech commands. According to a further embodiment of the invention, speech commands also include indirect location descriptions which are assigned to floors via the database of the building. Also, a dialogue facility may be provided, for example, for commands that are not understood or are not unambiguous.

Abstract: Conventional elevators comprise a console for entering control information, more particularly, via key depression. To make the known control arrangements simpler and more flexible to use by the user, the invention provides means for audio recording and a speech analysis unit, while a control unit controls the elevator in accordance with entered speech commands. According to a further embodiment of the invention, speech commands also include indirect location descriptions which are assigned to floors via the database of the building. Also a dialogue facility may be provided, for example, for commands that are not understood or are not unambiguous.

Abstract: The power semiconductor element has an emitter region and a stop zone in front of the emitter region. The conductivities of the emitter region and of the stop zone are opposed to one another. In order to reduce not only the static but also the dynamic loss of the power semiconductor foreign atoms are used in the stop-zone. The foreign atoms have at least one energy level within the band gap of the semiconductor and at least 200 meV away from the conduction band and valence band of the semiconductor.

Abstract: A deformation element in a motor vehicle, especially for a dashboard, comprises at least one deformation body with a honeycomb cross section and encloses a cavity which is open on both sides. The wall of the cross section is closed all the way around, and is deformable to absorb energy and is subjected to an impact in the vicinity of one honeycomb side of the cross section for that purpose. The wall of the deformation body is formed from at least two partial sections connected with one another.

Abstract: An energy-absorbing deformation profile for a motor vehicle such as a knee protection device for an underside of a center console area has a rigid linkage profile section for fastening the deformation profile on a center console cross member. The linkage profile section is designed so that it can be deformed while absorbing energy.

Abstract: A knee protection device in a motor vehicle having a dimensionally stable, cushioned and essentially plate-shaped load distributor which is supported on the end side by curved deformable holders on a cross member fixed to the vehicle. The energy absorption capacity of the two holders is fully utilized by spanning a reinforcement on the back side of the load distributor. The reinforcement has an approximately hat-shaped cross-section, extends at least near the holders and has outwardly projecting flanges which are connected with the load distributor.

Abstract: From a holding fixture for a safety belt fastening arrangement there emanates, on two opposite sides, in each case one elongated connecting part, by virtue of whose free end a locking part of a safety belt is secured. These two connecting parts are formed exclusively from a safety belt strap and are held together, on the holding fixture side, by at least one stitch seam.

Abstract: To provide an axially variable means of fixation, an electrode for electric arc furnaces is held via a spacing means comprising radially movable contact elements and metallic spacers. The contact elements may be pressed radially inwards against the electrode by means of clamping jaws, thus constituting a solid mechanical and electrical contact between the electrode clamp and the electrode proper.

Abstract: An electrode for arc furnaces comprising a top portion of metal and a replaceable bottom portion of a material which, when appropriate, is only slowly consumed having a substantially cylindrical shape and being joined each to the other by a screwmounting, for example by means of a screw nipple or the like. The top portion includes a liquid cooling device or means with a header and a return duct, and an insulating coating of high temperature stability. An inner part and an outer part of the top portion are constructed so as to be detachable each from the other. The inner part extends substantially adjacent the screw nipple and at least a portion of the inner part is provided with an insulating coating of high temperature stability, which represents a loosely surmounted moulding.

Abstract: An arc furnace electrode for the production of electric steel, comprising a metallic top portion and a consumable, replaceable bottom portion threadably interconnected. The top portion is provided with coolant feed and return ducts and includes a protective covering. The protective covering is represented by a detachable surmounted sheath of electrically conductive heat resistant material. The sheath is subdivided into individual segments. The electrode includes internally disposed recesses advantageously accommodating elastic and electrically conductive materials especially advantageous properties.

Abstract: A coupling means for the suspension of electrodes for arc furnaces from a lifting appliance comprising: a controllable locking device detachably engaging a connector element attached to an electrode; an entry guide arrangement for guiding the connector element into a position for engagement by the locking device; and a suspension means for the suspension of the coupling means on the lifting appliance, and including shock-absorbing means permitting relative motion parallel to a direction of insertion of the connector element between the suspension means and the locking device.