Abstract: Direct adhesion between a body of a thermoplastic material and a rubber mass by covulcanization is achieved by bringing a rubber body constituted of the components:100 parts by weight of an EP(D)M rubber functionalized with carboxyl groups;100-300 parts by weight filler(s);1-10 parts by weight peroxide-type vulcanizing agent;0-4 parts by weight vulcanization activators; and optionally plasticizers, in contact with a body of a thermoplastic material constituted of 30-100 wt. % of a reaction product of a thermoplastic polyester and a polyisocyanate;1-50 wt. % of a reinforcing material; and0-20 wt. % of additives.

Abstract: Molding compounds comprising aromatic polyamides which contain from 0.001 to 10% by weight of a low molecular weight sulfonic acid amide display low melt viscosities and an increased resistance to hydrolysis and are thermoplastically processible.

Abstract: Molding compounds comprisign aromatic polyamides which contain from 0.01 to 10 mole % of a low molecular weight carboxylic acid amide display low melt viscosities and an increased resistance to hydrolysis and are thermoplastically processible.

Abstract: A molding material comprising an imide group-containing aromatic polyamide, obtained by polycondensation of(A) an aromatic diamine of the general formulaH.sub.2 N--Ar--O--Ar'--X--Ar'--O--Ar--NH.sub.2wherein Ar and Ar' are m- or p-phenylene groups and X is --SO.sub.2 -- or --CO--, with at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid B) selected from the group consisting of(B1) a mixture comprising 40 to 100 mole % of an acid of the structure ##STR1## and 60 to 0 mole % of an acid of the structure ##STR2## in which n is 0-4 and R is selected from the group consisting of (a) an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms,(b) an unsubstituted phenyl or an alkyl- or aryl substituted phenyl group,(c) an alkoxy group having 1-6 atoms,(d) a phenoxy group, in which the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or is alkyl- or aryl substituted, and(e) a halogen,(B2) an acid of the structure ##STR3## and (B3) a dicarboxylic acid of the formulaHO.sub.2 C--Ar--(A--Ar).sub.p --CO.sub.2 Hwherein Ar is m-phenylene or p-phenylene, A=--O--, --S--, --SO.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing cis-trans isomer mixtures of 2,2-dimethyl-3(.beta.,.beta.-dichlorovinyl)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid esters, having a high cis/trans isomer ratio, wherein a 4,4-dimethyl-5-halogen-6-alkoxytetrahydro-pyrone or a 3,3-dimethyl-4-halogen-5-oxo-pentanic acid ester is reacted with dichlorophosphonic acid esters in the presence of alkali alcoholates or alkali hydrides or lithium alkyls.Also disclosed are novel starting tetrahydropyrone compounds usable in the above process, and a process for preparation of the novel compounds which includes reacting .beta.,.beta.-dimethyl-.gamma.,.delta.-dihalogen-.delta.-valerolactones with alkali alcoholates at reaction temperatures between -10.degree. and +50.degree. C.

Abstract: There are disclosed and claimed substituted cyclic lactones and process for preparation thereof. In particular, there are disclosed substituted cyclic lactones having alkyl substituents on the ring, especially such lactones having substituents on the ring of which two on the same carbon atom.Additionally, the invention herein disclosed and claimed relates to a process for the preparation of lactones by heating a six-membered hydroxy substituted lactone in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Resorcinols of the structure of p-orsellinic acid ester are obtained from pyrones of the formula ##STR1## by the action of no more than catalytic amounts of bases.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY-- (Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY--(Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: 3-alkyl-6-methyl-.beta.-resorcylic acid esters of the Formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent identical or different alkyl groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, are prepared by the reaction of .alpha.-pyrones of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above meaning, with a base.

Abstract: There are disclosed substituted lactones of the formula ##STR1## wherein A stands for --CH--CH.sub.2 X (X being Cl, Br or OH), --CHY--CHY-- (Y being Cl or Br), or ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different radicals from the group of hydrogen and C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 alkyls, at least one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being such an alkyl radical, and process for making the same.

Abstract: An air-compressing internal combustion engine which includes a cylinder block, a plurality of cylinders in the cylinder block, a piston reciprocably mounted in the respective cylinders, and a cylinder head disposed on the cylinder block. A precombustion chamber is arranged in the cylinder head and associated with the respective cylinders and a number of approximately radially extending burner holes are provided around a periphery of an end of the precombustion chamber. A depression is arranged in the head of each of the pistons and stellate depressions emanate from the depression in the cylinder head. Each of the stellate depressions ascend continuously in a radially outward direction and a further substantially axially extending burner hole is provided at the end of the precombustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain dihalogen vinyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl moiety and X is chlorine or bromine by exposing a dihalogen vinyl dihydrofuran of the formula ##STR2## to light, e.g., ultraviolet light. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans by reaction of a .beta.-alkoxycrotonic acid ester or 3,3-bisalkoxybutyric acid ester with a 1,1,1-trihalogen-4-methyl-3- or -4-pentene-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Also disclosed is a method of converting such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta., .beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran by thermal rearrangement into 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-4-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans. Such 2,4,4- and 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans are new.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain dihalogen vinyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl moiety and X is chlorine or bromine by exposing a dihalogen vinyl dihydrofuran of the formula ##STR2## to light, e.g., ultraviolet light. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta..beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrofu rans by reaction of a .beta.-alkoxycrotonic acid ester or 3,3-bisalkoxybutyric acid ester with a 1,1,1-trihalogen-4-methyl-3-or -4-pentene-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Also disclosed is a method of converting such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof uran by thermal rearrangement into 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-4-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans. Such 2,4,4- and 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans are new.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain dihalogen vinyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl moiety and X is chlorine or bromine by exposing a dihalogen vinyl dihydrofuran of the formula ##STR2## to light, e.g., ultraviolet light. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans by reaction of a .beta.-alkoxycrotonic acid ester or 3,3-bisalkoxybutyric acid ester with a 1,1,1-trihalogen-4-methyl-3- or -4-pentene-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Also disclosed is a method of converting such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof uran by thermal rearrangement into 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-4-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans. Such 2,4,4- and 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans are new.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for preparing an orthoacetic acid alkyl ester of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a saturated, branched or un-branched, alkyl moiety of 1 to 8 carbon atoms by:(a) contacting acetonitrile with an anhydrous alkanol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and dry hydrogen chloride in the presence of an organic solvent to prepare the corresponding imidoester hydrochloride;(b) thereafter contacting said imidoester hydrochloride in the acid-free state with an alkanol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and(c) removing by-product ammonium chloride from the resultant reaction mixture and distilling the reaction mixture to recover orthoacetic acid alkyl ester, the improvement residing in(d) employing as the organic solvent an inert solvent having a dielectric constant measured at 25.degree. C. of 2.6 or less; and(e) contacting said imidoester hydrochloride in step (b) with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alcoholate before contacting the same with said alkanol.

Abstract: A method of preparing certain dihalogen vinyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl moiety and X is chlorine or bromine by exposing a dihalogen vinyl dihydrofuran of the formula to light, e.g., ultraviolet light. Also disclosed is a method for preparing such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogen-vinyl)-4,5-dihydro furans by reaction of a .beta.-alkoxycrotonic acid ester or 3,3-bisalkoxybutyric acid ester with a 1,1,1-trihalogen-4-methyl-3- or -4-pentene-2-ol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Also disclosed is a method of converting such 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof uran by thermal rearrangement into 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-4-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogen-vinyl)-4,5-dihydro furans. Such 2,4,4- and 2,5,5-trimethyl-3-carbalkoxy-5-(.beta.,.beta.-dihalogenvinyl)-4,5-dihydrof urans are new.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of sulfuric acid from waste sulfuric acid containing iron sulfate and from solid iron sulfate of high water content of crystallization which consists essentially of:A. concentrating waste sulfuric acid to an acid concentration of 25-55 weight percent, based upon the suspension, by removing water therefrom;B. mixing the concentrated acid of Step A with recycled concentrated sulfuric acid obtained from Step E to form a resultant acid mixture of acid concentration of 30-65 weight percent, based upon the suspension;C. adding said solid iron sulfate of high water content of crystallization to the acid mixture of Step B thereby obtaining iron sulfate of low water content of crystallization;D. separating the iron sulfate of low water content from the resultant sulfuric acid solution of Step C;E. concentrating the separated sulfuric acid solution of Step D to an acid concentration of 45-70 weight percent, based on salt-free acid, and recycling at least a portion thereof to Step B; andF.

Abstract: Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur trioxide-containing humid gases by a process wherein the sulfur trioxide-containing humid gases are directly cooled with aqueous sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid is condensed and the gas is cooled below dew point of the sulfuric acid, and the water not required to form sulfuric acid is discharged as water vapor with the end gases.