Abstract: A compound of formula Ab?MgaMbXy or Ab?MgaMb(XOz)y for use as electrode material in a magnesium battery is disclosed, wherein A, M, X, b?, a, b, y, and z are defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to carbophosphates and other compounds. Such compounds may be used in batteries and other electrochemical devices, or in other applications such as those described herein. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to carbophosphate compounds, i.e., compounds containing carbonate and phosphate ions. For example, according to one set of embodiments, the compound has a formula Ax(M)(PO4)a(CO3)b, where M comprises one or more cations. A may include one or more alkali metals, for example, lithium and/or sodium. In some cases, x is greater than about 0.1, a is between about 0.1 and about 5.1, and b is between about 0.1 and about 5.1. In certain embodiments, the compound may have a unit cell atomic arrangement that is isostructural to unit cells of the minerals sidorenkite, bonshtedtite, bradleyite, crawfordite, or ferrotychite.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method, comprising: calculating, using at least one computer, a distance to a hull for an alloy XxY1-x in the range 0.01?x?0.99, where X and Y are perovskite materials; determining, using the at least one computer, a preferred phase for the alloy in the range 0.01?x?0.99; and selecting an alloy composition having the distance to the hull being less than 0.1 eV/atom and for which the preferred phase in at least a portion of the range 0.01?x?0.99 is a tetragonal phase. Piezoelectric materials as selected by the method are also provided.

Abstract: In general, the invention relates to electrode materials, e.g., novel cathode materials with high density, low cost, and high safety. A voltage design strategy based on the mixing of different transition metals in crystal structures known to be able to accommodate lithium in insertion and delithiation is presented herein. By mixing a metal active on the +2/+3 couple (e.g., Fe) with an element active on the +3/+5 or +3/+6 couples (e.g., V or Mo), high capacity multi-electron cathodes are designed in an adequate voltage window.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes, among other things, new layered molybdenum oxides for lithium ion battery cathodes from solid solutions of Li2MoO3 and LiCrO2. These materials display high energy density, good rate capability, great safety against oxygen release at charged state due mostly to their low voltage. Therefore, these materials have properties desirable for lithium ion battery cathodes.

Abstract: Electrochemical devices which incorporate cathode materials that include layered crystalline compounds for which a structural modification has been achieved which increases the diffusion rate of multi-valent ions into and out of the cathode materials. Examples in which the layer spacing of the layered electrode materials is modified to have a specific spacing range such that the spacing is optimal for diffusion of magnesium ions are presented. An electrochemical cell comprised of a positive intercalation electrode, a negative metal electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing multi-valent ions and arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material is described.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a positive electrode active lithium-excess metal oxide with composition LixMyO2 (0.6?y?0.85 and 0?x+y?2) for a lithium secondary battery with a high reversible capacity that is insensitive with respect to cation-disorder. The material exhibits a high capacity without the requirement of overcharge during the first cycles.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to unique coatings for use with energy storage particles, such as lithium oxide energy storage materials. The invention provides unique coatings for particles, unique particle/coating combinations, and unique methods for making coatings and/or coated particles. In one aspect of the invention, a particle is formed having a core and a coating. The particle may comprise a core having a material such as LiFePO4, and a coating. The particle may be formed, in some embodiments, by using a non-stoichiometric combination of salts or other precursors, and sintering the same to form particles. LiFePO4 may form as the core of the particle, while the remaining materials may form a coating around the LiFePO4. Typically, the LiFePO4 is crystalline while the coating is generally amorphous, and in some instances, the coating may prevent large crystals of LiFePO4 from forming.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to electrode materials, electrochemical cells employing such materials, and methods of synthesizing such materials. The electrode materials have a crystal structure with a high ratio of Li to metal M, which is found to improve capacity by enabling the transfer of a greater amount of lithium per metal, and which is also found to improve stability by retaining a sufficient amount of lithium after charging. Furthermore, synthesis techniques are presented which result in improved charge and discharge capacities and reduced particle sizes of the electrode materials.

Abstract: Electrochemical devices which incorporate cathode materials that include layered crystalline compounds for which a structural modification has been achieved which increases the diffusion rate of multi-valent ions into and out of the cathode materials. Examples in which the layer spacing of the layered electrode materials is modified to have a specific spacing range such that the spacing is optimal for diffusion of magnesium ions are presented. An electrochemical cell comprised of a positive intercalation electrode, a negative metal electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing multi-valent ions and arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material is described.

Abstract: Electrochemical devices which incorporate cathode materials that include layered crystalline compounds for which a structural modification has been achieved which increases the diffusion rate of multi-valent ions into and out of the cathode materials. Examples in which the layer spacing of the layered electrode materials is modified to have a specific spacing range such that the spacing is optimal for diffusion of magnesium ions are presented. An electrochemical cell comprised of a positive intercalation electrode, a negative metal electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqeuous electrolyte solution containing multi-valent ions and arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material is described.

Abstract: Certain disclosed embodiments generally relate to oxide materials having relatively high energy and/or power densities. Various aspects of the embodiments are directed to oxide materials having a structure Bi(MjYk)O2, for example, a structure Lij(NijYk)O2 such as Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2. In this structure, Y represents one or more atoms, each independently selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals, transition metals, Group 14 elements, Group 15, or Group 16 elements. In some embodiments, such an oxide material may have an O3 crystal structure, and/or a layered structure such that the oxide comprises a plurality of first, repeating atomic planes comprising Li, and a plurality of second, repeating atomic planes comprising Ni and/or Y.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to certain lithium materials, including lithium manganese borate materials. Such materials are of interest in various applications such as energy storage. Certain aspects of the invention are directed to lithium manganese borate materials, for example, having the formula LixMny(BO3). In some cases, the lithium manganese borate materials may include other elements, such as iron, magnesium, copper, zinc, calcium, etc. The lithium manganese borate materials, according to one set of embodiments, may be present as a monoclinic crystal system. Such materials may surprisingly exhibit relatively high energy storage capacities, for example, at least about 96 mA h/g. Other aspects of the invention relate to devices comprising such materials, methods of making such materials, kits for making such materials, methods of promoting the making or use of such materials, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to carbophosphates and other compounds. Such compounds may be used in batteries and other electrochemical devices, or in other applications such as those described herein. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to carbophosphate compounds, i.e., compounds containing carbonate and phosphate ions. For example, according to one set of embodiments, the compound has a formula Ax(M)(PO4)a(CO3)b, where M comprises one or more cations. A may include one or more alkali metals, for example, lithium and/or sodium. In some cases, x is greater than about 0.1, a is between about 0.1 and about 5.1, and b is between about 0.1 and about 5.1. In certain embodiments, the compound may have a unit cell atomic arrangement that is isostructural to to unit cells of the minerals sidorenkite, bonshtedtite, bradleyite, crawfordite, or ferrotychite.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to electrode materials, electrochemical cells employing such materials, and methods of synthesizing such materials. The electrode materials have a crystal structure with a high ratio of Li to metal M, which is found to improve capacity by enabling the transfer of a greater amount of lithium per metal, and which is also found to improve stability by retaining a sufficient amount of lithium after charging. Furthermore, synthesis techniques are presented which result in improved charge and discharge capacities and reduced particle sizes of the electrode materials.

Abstract: An electrochemical method and apparatus for high-amperage electrical energy storage features a high-temperature, all-liquid chemistry. The reaction products created during charging remain part of the electrodes during storage for discharge on demand. In a simultaneous ambipolar electrodeposition cell, a reaction compound is electrolyzed to effect transfer from an external power source; the electrode elements are electrodissolved during discharge.

Abstract: An electrochemical method and apparatus for high-amperage electrical energy storage features a high-temperature, all-liquid chemistry. The reaction products created during charging remain part of the electrodes during storage for discharge on demand. In a simultaneous ambipolar electrodeposition cell, a reaction compound is electrolyzed to effect transfer from an external power source; the electrode elements are electrodissolved during discharge.

Abstract: A compound of formula Ab?MgaMbXy or Ab?MgaMb(XOz)y for use as electrode material in a magnesium battery is disclosed, wherein A, M, X, b?, a, b, y, and z are defined herein.

Abstract: A compound of formula Ab?MgaMbXy or Ab?MgaMb(XOz)y for use as electrode material in a magnesium battery is disclosed, wherein A, M, X, b?, a, b, y, and z are defined herein.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to electrode materials, electrochemical cells employing such materials, and methods of synthesizing such materials. The electrode materials have a crystal structure with a high ratio of Li to metal M, which is found to improve capacity by enabling the transfer of a greater amount of lithium per metal, and which is also found to improve stability by retaining a sufficient amount of lithium after charging. Furthermore, synthesis techniques are presented which result in improved charge and discharge capacities and reduced particle sizes of the electrode materials.