Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing phosgene by conversion of chlorine and CO over an activated carbon catalyst, wherein the activated carbon catalyst is dried by reducing the water content, where the drying comprises the following steps: a) contacting the catalyst with an inert gas stream b) determining the residual moisture content of the catalyst by determining the moisture content in the offgas stream c) ending the drying process after attainment of the desired moisture content in the offgas stream by switching from the inert gas to the reaction gases and optionally d) heating up the catalyst bed and/or the inert gas during the drying process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing phosgene by gas phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a solid-state catalyst in a shell-and-tube reactor (1) comprising catalyst tubes (3) which are surrounded by a reactor shell (23) and which accommodate the solid-state catalyst and around which a temperature control medium flows, and baffle plates (27) arranged at right angles to the catalyst tubes (3) in order to generate crossflow of the temperature control medium with respect to the catalyst tubes (3), comprising the following steps: (a) feeding a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine into the shell-and-tube reactor (1), such that the reaction mixture enters the catalyst tubes (3) at one end; (b) reacting the carbon monoxide with chlorine to give phosgene in the catalyst tubes (3) to give a phosgene-containing product stream; (c) withdrawing the phosgene-containing product stream from the shell-and-tube reactor (1), wherein the amount of liquid temperature cont

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing phosgene as well as a production unit for carrying out said process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing chlorine and a production unit for carrying out said process. The present invention further relates to a use of said production unit for the continuous production of chlorine.

Abstract: Chemical reactor comprising an educt space with inlet means for feeding at least one educt stream into said space: a product space with outlet means for removing at least one product stream from said space: a plurality of parallel tubes extending from the educt space to the product space in an axial direction, forming a tube bundle, wherein the tubes comprise at least one heterogeneous catalyst: a cooling liquid space surrounding at least a section of the tube bundle, wherein said space has an inlet and an outlet spaced from the inlet at least in the axial direction, and wherein the cooling liquid space defines a cooling liquid flow path between inlet and outlet: n cooling liquid temperature measuring devices MD(i), i=1 . . . n, n>2, inside the cooling liquid space, wherein MD(i+1), is located upstream of MD(i) in the cooling liquid flow path.

Abstract: An apparatus contains at least one pressure-rated apparatus shell and at least one modular framework system containing ceramic fiber composite materials and arranged within the apparatus shell. A modular lining apparatus includes the modular framework system and refractory bricks. The apparatus can be used for high-temperature reactors, especially electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrically heatable packed pressure-bearing apparatus for conducting endothermic reactions having an upper (3), middle (1) and lower (3) apparatus section, where at least one pair of electrodes (4, 5) in a vertical arrangement is installed in the middle section (1) and all electrodes are disposed in an electrically conductive solid-state packing (26), the upper and lower apparatus sections have a specific conductivity of 105 S/m to 108 S/m, and the middle apparatus section is electrically insulated against the solid-state packing, wherein the upper and lower apparatus sections are electrically insulated from the middle apparatus section, the upper electrode is connected via the upper apparatus section and the lower electrodes via the lower apparatus section or the electrodes are each connected via one or more connecting elements (10, 16) that are in electrical contact with these sections and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the upper and lower electrode to the cr

Abstract: A unit for producing and processing phosgene, said unit being configured for at least one maintenance mode and at least one production mode and comprising a structure which defines a confined space in a production mode, said confined space being sub-divided into at least two sub-spaces, wherein (i) at least one sub-space contains at least one apparatus for producing phosgene; (ii) at least one sub-space, other than the at least one sub-space according to (i), contains at least one apparatus for processing phosgene; (iii) the structure comprises at least one openable and lockable access means for temporary access of at least one of the apparatuses according to (i) or (ii) from outside the structure in a maintenance mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of phosgene comprising a gas phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a carbon catalyst in a multi-tubular reactor, wherein the carbon catalyst comprises an amount of mesopores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm of at least 0.45 ml/g of the total pore volume and the use of a carbon catalyst comprising an amount of mesopores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm of at least 0.45 ml/g of the total pore volume, for the production of phosgene and a reaction mixture for preparing phosgene, the mixture comprising a catalyst for preparing phosgene comprising a porous material comprising carbon, micropores and mesopores, wherein said micropores have a pore diameter of less than 2 nm and wherein said mesopores have a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm, wherein the volume of the mesopores of the porous material is of at least 0.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of hollow spherical glass particles comprising at least SiO2, Al2O3, and an alkali metal oxide, wherein the process comprises the preparation of precursor particles comprising at least SiO2, Al2O3, and an alkali metal oxide by mixing the starting materials, slurrying the starting materials with water followed by spry-drying and heat-treating the obtained precursor-particles at a temperature from 1000° C. to 1800° C., preferably from 1300° C. to 1600° C. by contacting the precursor particles with at least one naked flame.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing phosgene by gas phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor that comprises a plurality of contact tubes arranged parallel to one another, which contact tubes are filled with the catalyst and around which at least one fluid heat transfer medium flows, a feed stream of a mixture of a chlorine input stream and a carbon monoxide input stream being conducted into the contact tubes and reacted to form a phosgene-containing product gas mixture, characterised in that the product gas mixture is discharged from the contact tubes at an outlet end of the contact tubes.

Abstract: A method can be used for operating a descending moving bed reactor with flowable granular material. The method involves: (i) filling an upper lock-hopper with granular material and/or emptying a lower lock-hopper, (ii) purging the lock-hoppers with purging gas, and (iii) filling the reaction chamber containing a descending moving bed from the upper lock-hopper and/or emptying the reaction chamber into the lower lock-hopper. The pressure equalization between the reaction chamber and lock-hopper is achieved with product gas. The method then involves: (iv) optionally, relieving the lock-hoppers and conveying the product gas flow into the product line, and (v) purging the lock-hoppers with purging gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing phosgene by gas-phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor which comprises a plurality of parallel catalyst tubes which are filled with the catalyst and around which at least one fluid heat transfer medium flows, where a feed stream of a mixture of a chlorine input stream and a carbon monoxide input stream is fed into the catalyst tubes and is allowed to react to give a phosgene-comprising product gas mixture, wherein the reaction is carried out at an area load of more than 2.75 kg of phosgene/m2s. The invention also provides a reactor for carrying out the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing phosgene by reacting chlorine with carbon monoxide over an activated carbon catalyst, wherein the content of chlorine oxides in the chlorine feed stream is low, to an apparatus for preparation of phosgene and to the use of the phosgene prepared by the process of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to hollow aluminosilicate glass particles and a process for the production thereof. Further, the present invention is directed to an article comprising said hollow aluminosilicate glass particles as well as the use of said particles as a filler for high temperature products, molten metal, injection moulded synthetic materials, flame-retardant insulating foams, cement slurries, mortars, concretes and oil field applications.

Abstract: An apparatus contains at least one pressure-rated apparatus shell and at least one modular framework system containing ceramic fiber composite materials and arranged within the apparatus shell. A modular lining apparatus includes the modular framework system and. refractory bricks. The apparatus can be used for high-temperature reactors, especially electrically heated high-temperature reactors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor R with apparatus D, the latter comprising a gas- and/or liquid-permeable tray B, in the edge region of which there is disposed a lateral boundary W which fully encloses the tray B and forms a volume V comprising catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F), wherein there is at least one braid made of precious metal and/or base metal on the upstream side opposite the tray B, and the catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) are selected from (i) shaped bodies (F1) in the form of straight prisms, the footprint of which is selected from triangle, rectangle, hexagon or fragments of these polygons, and (ii) a combination of the shaped bodies (F1) with shaped bodies (F2) that are smaller than the shaped bodies (F1), wherein groups of m to n shaped bodies (F1), m and n being an integer from 3 to 30 with n>m, are framed in a metal cassette open in the upstream direction and closed in the downstream direction by a gas-permeable tray, in a virtually seamless manner

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reactions, having an internal element (11, 35) or a plurality of internal elements (11, 35) which are arranged in succession in the flow direction of the gas mixture of the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reaction through the reactor (10), where the internal elements extend over the entire reactor cross section, wherein the one or more internal elements (11, 35) is/are at least partly made of a fiber composite ceramic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reactions, having an internal element (11, 35) or a plurality of internal elements (11, 35) which are arranged in succession in the flow direction of the gas mixture of the heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase reaction through the reactor (10), where the internal elements extend over the entire reactor cross section, wherein the one or more internal elements (11, 35) is/are at least partly made of a fiber composite ceramic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor R with apparatus D, the latter comprising a gas- and/or liquid-permeable tray B, in the edge region of which there is disposed a lateral boundary W which fully encloses the tray B and forms a volume V comprising catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F), wherein there is at least one braid made of precious metal and/or base metal on the upstream side opposite the tray B, and the catalytic and/or noncatalytic shaped bodies (F) are selected from (i) shaped bodies (F1) in the form of straight prisms, the footprint of which is selected from triangle, rectangle, hexagon or fragments of these polygons, and (ii) a combination of the shaped bodies (F1) with shaped bodies (F2) that are smaller than the shaped bodies (F1), wherein groups of m to n shaped bodies (F1), m and n being an integer from 3 to 30 with n>m, are framed in a metal cassette open in the upstream direction and closed in the downstream direction by a gas-permeable tray, in a virtually seamless manner