Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates.

Abstract: A reactor for carrying out a continuous oxydehydrogenation of a feed gas stream of saturated hydrocarbons after premixing with an oxygen-comprising gas stream over a moving catalyst bed which is introduced in the longitudinal direction of their reactor between two concentric cylindrical holding devices so as to leave a central interior space and an intermediate space between the moving catalyst bed and the interior wall of the reactor to give a reaction gas mixture, wherein the reactor has two or more reactor sections which are separated from one another by disk-shaped deflection plates arranged alternately in the central interior space and divided in subregions by annular deflection plates arranged in the intermediate space between the moving catalyst bed and the interior wall of the reactor, in each case with a mixing-in device which is located upstream of the moving catalyst bed in the flow direction of the reaction gas mixture and comprises the following elements: two or three rows arranged behind one

Abstract: A process for coating internals in a reactor, except for the coating of electrically heatable, at least partly open-cell foams, with a catalytically active material or a precursor thereof, in which an aerosol which contains the catalytically active material or the precursor thereof as a disperse phase is provided and the aerosol is passed through the reactor at a rate in the range from 0.1 to 4 m/s, which is established so that the disperse phase of the aerosol is deposited on the internals in the reactor.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for reacting a fluid feed stream (2) with a fluid oxidant stream (3) in the presence of a solid catalyst (4) in two or more stages over two or more fixed catalyst beds (5) which are arranged horizontally, parallel to the longitudinal axis of a cylindrical reactor wall (6) in the interior space thereof, with caps (7) being installed in a detachable fashion at the ends of the reactor wall (6), with the fluid feed stream (2) flowing through the reactor (1) from the top downward, wherein the two or more fixed catalyst beds (5) are each formed by a plurality of modules, comprising in each case a cuboidal frame (8) which extends over the entire height of the fixed catalyst bed and in which one or more lower screens (9) and an upper screen (10) are installed and the solid catalyst (4) is present between the one or more lower screens (9) and the upper screen (10), all modules of a fixed catalyst bed (5) are enclosed in a cuboidal outer frame (11) which is arranged horizontally in the reactor (1) and

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates.

Abstract: Processes comprising: (a) providing a reactant comprising a component selected from the group consisting of o-xylene, naphthalene and mixtures thereof, and a gas comprising oxygen; (b) reacting the reactant and the gas in a reaction system, in the presence of a catalyst, to form phthalic anhydride; wherein the reaction system comprises: (i) at least two reaction zones, each reaction zone cooled with a coolant; and (ii) an intermediate cooling zone disposed between a first of the at least two reaction zones and a second of the at least two reaction zones; and wherein the coolant entering the first of the at least two reaction zones has a temperature which is more than 20° C. higher than a temperature of the coolant entering the second of the at leas two reaction zones.

Abstract: A method is proposed for providing an oxygen-containing gas stream for the endothermic reaction of an initial stream comprising one or more hydrocarbons, having a predetermined oxygen concentration and a predetermined temperature, wherein a fluid fuel stream is combusted with a primary air stream at ? values of the primary air stream to the fluid fuel stream of from 0.6 to 1.2 to obtain a combustion gas stream, and a secondary air stream is admixed to the combustion gas stream to obtain the oxygen-containing gas stream for the endothermic reaction, with the predetermined oxygen concentration and the predetermined temperature of the oxygen-containing gas stream being adjusted via the flow rate and the temperature of the secondary air stream.

Abstract: What is proposed is an apparatus for automatic catalyst exchange in a plurality of process steps in the catalyst tubes of a reactor with a bundle of catalyst tubes, which are welded in or rolled in between an upper tube plate and a lower tube plate in longitudinal direction of the reactor, and welded tight, comprising a tool carrier device, which is arranged so as to be mobile in a plane above and parallel to the upper tube plate, and which can be equipped with an exchangeable tool for each process step, the exchangeable tool being mobile together with the tool carrier device in the plane above and parallel to the upper tube plate and also vertically, in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the reactor, and being able to access each individual catalyst tube with control by means of a control unit, the position of the longitudinal axis of each individual catalyst tube being measured or calculated and recorded in the control unit in a position database.

Abstract: A method is proposed for leakage monitoring in a tube bundle reactor (2) having a bundle of contact tubes (2) vertically arranged parallel to one another, through which a fluid reaction mixture is delivered, and through whose space (3) surrounding the contact tubes a liquid heat exchanger is delivered, and having one or more vent holes (4) for the liquid heat exchanger in the upper region of the tube bundle reactor (1), which connect the tube bundle reactor (1) to one or more equilibrating vessels (5, 6, 7) for the liquid heat exchanger, wherein at least one of the equilibrating vessels (5, 6, 7) for the liquid heat exchanger has a connecting line (8) for supplying the gas phase above the liquid level therein to an analysis device (9), which determines the composition of the supplied gas phase.

Abstract: Processes comprising: (a) providing a reactant comprising a component selected from the group consisting of o-xylene, naphthalene and mixtures thereof, and a gas comprising oxygen; (b) reacting the reactant and the gas in a reaction system, in the presence of a catalyst, to form phthalic anhydride; wherein the reaction system comprises: (i) at least two reaction zones, each reaction zone cooled with a coolant; and (ii) an intermediate cooling zone disposed between a first of the at least two reaction zones and a second of the at least two reaction zones; and wherein the coolant entering the first of the at least two reaction zones has a temperature which is more than 20° C. higher than a temperature of the coolant entering the second of the at leas two reaction zones.

Abstract: A process for preparing chlorine by gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride by means of a gas stream comprising molecular oxygen in the presence of a fixed-bed catalyst, wherein the process is carried out in a reactor (1) having heat-exchange plates (2) which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1) and have a spacing between them and through which a heat transfer medium flows, inlet and outlet facilities (3, 4) for the heat transfer medium to the heat-exchange plates (2) and also gaps (5) between the heat-exchange plates (2) in which the fixed-bed catalyst is present and into which the hydrogen chloride and the gas stream comprising molecular oxygen are passed, is described.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for carrying out a continuous oxydehydrogenation of a feed gas stream (2) of saturated hydrocarbons after premixing with an oxygen-comprising gas stream (3) over a moving catalyst bed (4) which is introduced in the longitudinal direction of their reactor between two concentric cylindrical holding devices (5, 6) so as to leave a central interior space (7) and an intermediate space (8) between the moving catalyst bed (4) and the interior wall of the reactor to give a reaction gas mixture, wherein the reactor (1) has two or more reactor sections (9) which are separated from one another by disk-shaped deflection plates (10) arranged alternately in the central interior space (7) and divided in subregions by annular deflection plates (11) arranged in the intermediate space between the moving catalyst bed (4) and the interior wall of the reactor, in each case with a mixing-in device (12) which is located upstream of the moving catalyst bed (4) in the flow direction of the reaction gas mixture and compr

Abstract: A reactor is proposed for partial oxidations of a fluid reaction mixture in the presence of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst, comprising one or more cuboidal thermoplate modules (1) which are each formed from two or more rectangular thermoplates (2) arranged parallel to each other while in each case leaving a gap (3) which can be filled with the heterogeneous particulate catalyst and is flowed through by the fluid reaction mixture; the heat of reaction being absorbed by a heat carrier which flows through the thermoplates (2) and thus at least partly evaporates, and also having a predominantly cylindrical shell (4, 15, 16) which releases the pressure at the thermoplate modules, completely surrounds them and comprises a cylinder jacket (4) and hoods (15, 16) which seal it at both ends and whose longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the plane of the thermoplates (2), and also having one or more sealing elements (7, 23) which are arranged in such a way that the fluid reaction mixture, apart from flowing

Abstract: A reactor for testing catalyst systems which has a plurality of catalyst tubes (2) which are arranged parallel to one another in the interior space of the reactor and whose ends are welded into tube plates and also has caps (3) at each end of the reactor which each bound a cap space (4), with a fluid reaction medium (5) being fed via one cap space (4) into the catalyst tubes (2), flowing through the catalyst tubes (2) and being discharged via the other cap space (4), and is also provided with a heat exchange medium circuit in which the heat exchange medium (6) is fed in at one end of the reactor, flows through the intermediate space between the catalyst tubes (2) and flows out at the other end of the reactor, wherein the catalyst tubes (2) are arranged in two or more catalyst tube regions (7) which are thermally separate from one another, is proposed.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for carrying out a reaction between two fluid starting materials (2, 3) over a catalyst bed (4) with premixing of the fluid starting materials (2, 3) before introduction into the catalyst bed within a delay time of less than 150 ms in a mixing-in device (5), wherein the mixing-in device (5) is made up of the following elements which are arranged essentially transverse to the inflow direction of the first fluid starting material stream (2): two or three rows arranged behind one another of tubes (6) which have turbulence generators on the outside and constrict the flow cross section for the first fluid starting material stream (2) to from ½ to 1/10, with the second fluid starting material stream (3) being passed through the interiors of the tubes (6) and injected via openings (7) in the tubes (6) into the first fluid starting material stream (2), and a perforated plate (10) upstream of the tubes (6) and a perforated plate (11) downstream of the tubes (6), is proposed.

Abstract: A process for preparing formaldehyde by gas-phase oxidation of methanol vapor by means of a gas stream comprising molecular oxygen in the presence of a fixed-bed catalyst comprising iron and molybdenum, wherein the process is carried out in a reactor (1) having heat-exchange plates (2) which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1) and have a spacing between them and through which a heat transfer medium flows, inlet and outlet facilities (3, 4) for the heat transfer medium to the heat-exchange plates (2) and also gaps (5) between heat-exchange plates (2) in which the fixed-bed catalyst is present and into which the methanol vapor and the gas stream comprising molecular oxygen are passed, is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to one-part closure devices encompassing at least polyvinyl chloride and at least one plasticizer, in particular at least one substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, to a process for producing a closure device of this type, and also to the use of a closure device of the invention as a closure for containers, in particular for wine bottles or other bottles.

Abstract: A reactor including a bundle of catalyst tubes through which a reaction mixture is passed, and wherein a heat exchange medium is passed through a space surrounding the catalyst tubes and including ring lines at both reactor ends with jacket orifices for feeding in and removing the heat exchange medium by at least one pump. The heat exchange medium is fed to the upper ring line and is sucked in via the lower ring line by the at least one pump having at least one vertical pump shaft mounted and operated at its upper end. The at least one pump includes a diagonal rotor and a restrictor gap in the longitudinal direction of the at least one pump shaft, within the heat exchange medium, on the pressure side of the at least one pump for sealing and mounting the at least one pump shaft and reducing axial shear of the diagonal rotor.

Abstract: A process is proposed for partial oxidation oxidation in the gas phase of C3 and/or C4 precursor compounds to (meth)acrolein and/or (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst in a reactor having one or more cuboidal thermoplate modules (1) which are each formed from two or more rectangular thermoplates (2) arranged parallel to each other while in each case leaving a gap (3) which can be filled with the heterogeneous particulate catalyst and is flowed through by the fluid reaction mixture; the heat of reaction being absorbed by a heat carrier which flows through the thermoplates (2) and thus at least partly evaporating, and also having a predominantly cylindrical shell (4, 15, 16) which releases the pressure at the thermoplate modules, completely surrounds them and comprises a cylinder jacket (4) and hoods (15, 16) which seal it at both ends and whose longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the plane of the thermoplates (2), and also having one or more sealing elements (7, 2

Abstract: A process for the continuous gas-phase oxidation of C3- and C4-precursors to (meth)acrolein and/or (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor which has a feed for the reaction mixture at one reactor end and removal of the reaction mixture at the opposite reactor end and which is equipped with means, arranged in the interior of the reactor, for removing the heat of reaction, through which means a heat exchange composition flows and which means are in the form of heat exchanger plates, is proposed.