Abstract: In an example, a method includes, at least one processor, in response to each of a plurality of requests, determining a halftone screen. Determining the halftone screen comprises encoding a signature pattern in the halftone screen, and halftone screens for different requests may be encoded with a different signature pattern. The halftone screen may be arranged such that, when applied to image data to provide a printed output, the pattern is discernible therein to provide a signature for the printed output.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes, by one or more processors, receiving a greyscale image having a plurality of pixels, each pixel being associated with a grey level, and the greyscale image having a first number of grey levels. An order of the pixels may be determined based on the grey level. A second number of grey levels may be determined, wherein the second number of grey levels is greater than the first number, and an indication of a target number of pixels per grey level of the second number of grey levels may be further be determined. Taking the pixels in order, and based on the target number of pixels per grey level, a new grey level may be allocated to each pixel to provide the second number of grey levels. The new grey levels may be converted to a threshold of a threshold halftone screen.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes obtaining, by at least one processor, a first halftone screen tile having a first halftone pattern. In some examples, the method further comprises obtaining a second halftone screen tile having a second halftone pattern. The method may include determining a halftone screen having a predetermined spatial arrangement of the first and second halftone screen tiles wherein the relative placement of the first and second halftone screen tiles in the predetermined spatial arrangement provides a signature for the halftone screen which when applied to image data provides a printed output in which the signature is discernible.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes, by one or more processors, acquiring a dot pattern having a distribution of dots. A greyscale image comprising a plurality of pixels each associated with a greyscale value may be derived from the dot pattern. Deriving the greyscale image may comprise assigning a greyscale value to each pixel, wherein the greyscale value is based on the distance associated with that pixel.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to emulating 3D texture patterns in a printer system. One example implementation receives an image having a number of image pixels and selects from a plurality of digital substrates which each correspond to a physical substrate. Each digital substrate has luminance change data corresponding to heights of a 3D texture pattern at respective locations of the physical substrate. An image having emulated 3D texture is generated by adjusting the luminance of the image pixels corresponding to respective locations of the physical substrate and according to the corresponding luminance change data.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes, by one or more processors, acquiring a dot pattern having a distribution of dots. A greyscale image comprising a plurality of pixels each associated with a greyscale value may be derived from the dot pattern. Deriving the greyscale image may comprise, for each pixel, determining the closest dot to the pixel and associating a distance of the closest dot from the pixel with the pixel, and assigning a greyscale value to each pixel, wherein the greyscale value is based on the distance associated with that pixel.

Abstract: An example method comprises identifying, by a processor, a gap in a housing of a printing apparatus and positioning an inlet of a conduit inside the housing proximate the gap. The inlet is fluidly connected to a fan, and the fan is powered to create a pressure differential across the housing to minimize the amount of air inside the housing being able to escape the housing via the gap.

Abstract: In an example, monitoring circuitry includes a first and a second coupling to electrically connect the monitoring circuitry to a monitored circuit having a resistance. The resistance of the monitored circuit may be indicative of a status, and the monitored circuit may be connected in series between the first and second coupling. The first coupling comprises a plurality of galvanically separated connection elements which are to form an electrical connection with a common connection element of the monitored circuit. The monitoring circuitry further comprises a monitoring apparatus to determine the resistance of the monitored circuit via the first coupling and the second coupling. The monitoring apparatus is to acquire a plurality of electrical values and to use the plurality of electrical values to determine a value of the resistance of the monitored circuit.

Abstract: In an example, printed circuitry comprises a digitally printed switch, the printed switch comprising a first contact element printed using conductive print agent on a first substrate portion and a second contact element printed using conductive print agent on a second substrate portion. An interposed non-conductive printed spacer element is overprinted on at least one of the first and the second substrate portions.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes, by one or more processors, acquiring a dot pattern having a distribution of dots. A greyscale image comprising a plurality of pixels each associated with a greyscale value may be derived from the dot pattern. Deriving the greyscale image may comprise, for each pixel, determining the closest dot to the pixel and associating a distance of the closest dot from the pixel with the pixel, and assigning a greyscale value to each pixel, wherein the greyscale value is based on the distance associated with that pixel.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes, by one or more processors, receiving a greyscale image having a plurality of pixels, each pixel being associated with a grey level, and the greyscale image having a first number of grey levels. An order of the pixels may be determined based on the grey level. A second number of grey levels may be determined, wherein the second number of grey levels is greater than the first number, and an indication of a target number of pixels per grey level of the second number of grey levels may be further be determined. Taking the pixels in order, and based on the target number of pixels per grey level, a new grey level may be allocated to each pixel to provide the second number of grey levels. The new grey levels may be converted to a threshold of a threshold halftone screen.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes, at least one processor, in response to each of a plurality of requests, determining a halftone screen. Determining the halftone screen comprises encoding a signature pattern in the halftone screen, and halftone screens for different requests may be encoded with a different signature pattern. The halftone screen may be arranged such that, when applied to image data to provide a printed output, the pattern is discernible therein to provide a signature for the printed output.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to emulating 3D texture patterns in a printer system. One example implementation determines a 3D texture pattern data having a number of pattern pixels at different heights and associated with respective surfaces of a corresponding 3D texture pattern. Luminance change data is determined for each pattern pixel depending on an angle between a normal vector of the respective surface and a simulated light vector. Image data is obtained having a number of image pixels and the luminance of each image pixel is adjusted depending on the luminance change data of a corresponding pattern pixel in order to generate an image with an emulated 3D texture pattern.

Abstract: An electrostatic printing method for forming a structured image on a print substrate, the method comprising: providing an electrostatic ink composition; contacting the electrostatic ink composition with a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive surface to create a developed toner image; transferring the developed toner image to an embossed intermediate transfer member to create a structured toner image; and; transferring the structured toner image to a print substrate. The embossed intermediate transfer may comprise a substrate layer, at least part of which is compressible and comprises an electrically conductive species; and; an outer release layer disposed on the substrate layer, the outer release layer comprising a structured surface. Methods of making the embossed intermediate transfer member are also described herein.

Abstract: A method comprises providing to a processor or generating by the processor, an image, and a machine readable graphic code comprising a plurality of light pixels and a plurality of dark pixels. The processor determines whether the image and machine readable code are the same size if they are not the same size, scales or crops the image or the machine readable code such that they are the same size. The processor associates each graphic code pixel with a corresponding image pixel, each pixel having a lightness value. The processor determines for each image pixel, based on a comparison between a lightness of the image pixel and a lightness of a corresponding graphic code pixel, whether to adjust the lightness of the image pixel based on one of a low threshold lightness value and a high threshold lightness value. The lightness value is adjusted for each pixel of the image which is to be adjusted to a modified lightness value, such that a combination of the image and the graphic code is produced.

Abstract: An example method comprises identifying, by a processor, a gap in a housing of a printing apparatus and positioning an inlet of a conduit inside the housing proximate the gap. The inlet is fluidly connected to a fan, and the fan is powered to create a pressure differential across the housing to minimize the amount of air inside the housing being able to escape the housing via the gap.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to emulating 3D texture patterns in a printer system. One example implementation determines a 3D texture pattern data having a number of pattern pixels at different heights and associated with respective surfaces of a corresponding 3D texture pattern. Luminance change data is determined for each pattern pixel depending on an angle between a normal vector of the respective surface and a simulated light vector. Image data is obtained having a number of image pixels and the luminance of each image pixel is adjusted depending on the luminance change data of a corresponding pattern pixel in order to generate an image with an emulated 3D texture pattern.

Abstract: In an example, monitoring circuitry includes a first and second coupling, at least one of which is to capacitively couple the monitoring circuitry to a monitored circuit on a product packaging. The monitored circuit has a resistance which is indicative of a status of a product stored in the product packaging, and the monitored circuit is to be connected in series between the first coupling and the second coupling. The monitoring apparatus may determine the resistance of the monitored circuit via the first and second couplings.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to emulating 3D texture patterns in a printer system. One example implementation receives an image having a number of image pixels and selects from a plurality of digital substrates which each correspond to a physical substrate. Each digital substrate has luminance change data corresponding to heights of a 3D texture pattern at respective locations of the physical substrate. An image having emulated 3D texture is generated by adjusting the luminance of the image pixels corresponding to respective locations of the physical substrate and according to the corresponding luminance change data.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for forming on a substrate (214) a pattern of a material, a material layer is provided on an intermediate carrier (204) and an adhesive layer is provided on the material layer, wherein at least one of the material layer or the adhesive layer comprises a pattern corresponding to the pattern to be formed on the substrate (214). The material is transferred to the substrate (214) with the adhesive fixing the material to a surface (216) of the substrate (214).