Abstract: Compounds of the formula Ia, Ib and Ic are suitable photoinitiators which accumulate at the surface of the formulation (Ic), in which R, R1, and R2a are e.g. phenyl substituted by at least one siloxane group A-X—, Ra and R are e.g. phenylene is a surface-active radical of the formula III A3 is a radical of the formula III in which n is from 2 to 1000; X and X1 are —U—C3-C12cycloalkylene, —U—C6-C12bicycloalkylene, U—C3-C12cyclo-alkylene-C1-C6alkylene, U—C6-C12bicycloalkylene-C, —C6alkylene;- -or a group selected from —(CH2)aCH—CH2—OH or —(CH2)aO—(CH2)b—CH—CH2—OH; II O—CO—(CH2)b—O—CO—(CH2)c or —(CH2)a.—CH(OH)—CH2—O—CO—(CH2)b— or —(CH2)b—O—(CH2)a CH(OH)—CH2—O—CO—(CH2)c; and U is e.g. —COO—, —(CH2)aCOO—; Y is hydrogen; unsubstituted C1-C20alkyl or C1-C20alkyl substituted by A-X—.; Y1 is e.g. C1-C12-alkylene.

Abstract: Compounds of the fomiula (I) are suitable photoinitiators which accumulates at the surface of the formulation (I), in which R is for example phenyl and A is a surlace-active radical of the formula (III), Y is a divalent group C3-C12cycloalkylene, C6-C12bicycloalkylene; C1-C6alkylenen-C3-C12cycloalkylene. C1-C6alkylene-(C6-C12hicycloalkylene or C1-C10alkylene interrupted by one or more non-consecutive C3-C12cycloalkylene, -U-C3-C12Cycloalkylene, C6-C12bicycloalkylene or -U-C6-C12biocycloaIkylene; C1-C10alkylene interrupted by one or more non-consecutive O and C3-C12Cycloalkylene, -U-C3-C12cycloalkylene, C6-C12bicycloalkylene and/or -U-C6-C12bicycloalkylene; —(CH2)a—CH—CH2—OH or —(CH2)b—O—(CH2)a—CH—CH2—OH; or —(CH2)a—CH(OH)—CH2— or —(CH2)b—O—(CH2)a CH(OH)—CH2—. U is U? or U? U? is —(CH2)aCOO—; U? is —Si(CH3)(CH3)— or —(CH2)a—Si(CH3)(CH3)—, a is a number from 1 to 10; b is a number from 0 to 10; with the proviso that they are, however, at least 1 if the methylene group in question is between two oxygen atoms.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I R7″N—R6 RS—C,N—R4 H C, R′/I R, 3 R 2 (I) in which R, is an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical which is capable of absorbing light in the wave-length range from 200 nm to 650 nm and which is unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by C,—C,8alkyl, C2-C,ealkenyl, C2-C,8alkynyl, C,—C,ehaloalkyl, NO2, NR,OR, CN, OR,2, SR,2, C(O)R,3, C(O)OR,4, halogen or a radical of the formula II R˜—N′ R6 1 R5-C,N.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of scratch-resistant coatings by dual cure of compositions comprising surface active benzoyl compounds wherein at least one non-polar fluorinated alkyl group is present. The invention also relates to a process for concentrating these surface-active photoinitiators in the surface of coatings, to novel surface active benzoyl compounds wherein at least one non-polar fluorinated alkyl group is present, to compositions wherein the novel surface active fluorinated photoinitiators are present, and to a method for improving the flow of a curable composition on substrates.

Abstract: A process for the production of coatings having scratch-resistant durable surfaces, in which there is used a photocurable formulation comprising a surface-active photoinitiator, concentrated at the surface of the formulation, of formula (Ia) or (Ib), wherein R and R3 are, for example, a radical of formula (II); R1 is, for example, hydrogen, A1-X1— or a radical of formula (II); R2 is, for example, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12alkyl or A2-X2—; R4 is, for example, hydrogen or A4-X4—; R5 is, for example, hydrogen or A5-X5— or is a radical of formula (II); R5, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are each independently of the others, for example, hydrogen, A-X—, A3-X3— or C1-C12alkyl; A, A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are each independently of the others, for example, a surface-active radical of formula (III); n is a number from 1 to 1000, m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number from 0 to 10 000; R18, R19, R20, R21, G1 and G2 are, for example, C1-C18alkyl; and X, X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are, for ex

Abstract: A process for the production of coatings having scratch-resistant durable surfaces, in which there are used photocurable formulations comprising a surface-active photoinitiator, concentrated at the surface of the formulation, of formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) or (Id), wherein R and R1 are, for example, each independently of the other a radical of formula (II); R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are each independently of the others, for example, hydrogen; A-X, A1-X1-; unsubstituted or substituted C1-C12alkyl or phenyl; with the proviso that in formulae (Ia) and (Ib) at least one substituent A-X, A1—X1— is present in at least one of the radicals R and R1; and with the proviso that in formulae (Ic) and (Id) at least one of the radicals ); R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R5 and R9 is A—X, A1—X1—; A and A1 are each independently of the other a surface-active radical of formula (M) or Ao; n is, for example, a number from 1 to 1000 m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number from 0 to 10 000; Ao is, fo

Abstract: A process for the production of coatings with scratch-resistant durable surfaces that comprise as photoinitiator (B) in a photocurable formulation at least one surface-active photoinitiator, concentrated at the surface of the formulation, of formula (Ia) or (Ib), wherein Ra is a radical of formula (IIa), Rb is a radical of formula (IIb)), or Ra and Rb are naphthyl, anthracyl, phenanthryl or a heterocyclic radical each of which is unsubstituted or substituted; R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are, for example, each independently of the others hydrogen; A—Y; C1-C12alkyl, halogen or phenyl; R11 and R12 are, for example, C1 -C12 alkyl; X is —OR20 or —N(R21)(R22); R20 is, for example, hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; R21 and R22 are, for example, hydrogen or C1-C12 alkyl; X1 is, for example, —O—; Y is, for example, a single bond or —O—; Y1 is, for example, a single bond; and A is, for example, C6-C30alkyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of surface-active photoinitiators of formula I the units being arranged randomly or in blocks, and wherein n is a number from 1 to 1000; m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number from 0 to 10,000; x is the number 1, or, when n is 1, x may also be the number 2; A1 and A2 are, for example, C1-C18alkyl; or A1 and A2 together are a single bond; R1, R2 and R3 are, for example, each independently of the others C1-C18alkyl, phenyl or C5-C8cycloalkyl; R4 is, for example, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C18alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or C5-C8cycloalkyl; IN, when x is 1, is a radical of formula when x is 2, is a radical of formula R13 and R14 are, for example, each independently of the other C1-C12alkyl; Y is, for example, —(CH2)a—O—; X is OR15 or N(R16)(R17); R15 is, for example, hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; R16 and R17 are, for example, hydrogen or C1-C12alkyl; X1 has, for example, one of the meanings o

Abstract: Compounds of formula Ia, Ib and Ic, (Ic), in which R, R1 and R2 are e.g. phenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, phenanthryl or a heterocyclic radical, are suitable as photoinitiators which accumulate at the surface of coatings.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) in which r is a number 1 or 2; s is a number from 1 to 1000; R is radical of formula (II); or R is, for example, unsubstituted or substituted naphthyl, anthracyl, phenanthryl or a heterocyclic radical; R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently of one another are, for example hydrogen; unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or C1-C12alkyl; A, if s is 1, is a surface-active radical of formula (III); or A, if s is 1, is a surface-active radical A0; or A, if s is a number greater than 1, is a radical of the formula (III) in which n corresponds to the number s, or A, if s is 2, is a radical A1; A0 is, for example, in each case unsubstituted or substituted C6-C30alkyl, C6-C30alkenyl, C6-C30alkynyl or C6-C30aralkyl; A1 is, for example, in each case unsubstituted or substituted C6-C30alkylene, C6-C30alkenylene, C6-C30alkynylene or C6-C30aralkylene; n is, for example, a number from 1 to 1000; m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number 0-10000; x is a number C from 1 to 10; Y, if r is 1, is a divalent g

Abstract: The invention relates to &agr;-ammonium alkenes, iminium alkenes and amidinium alkenes in the form of their tetraaryl- or triaryl-alkylborate salts that can be converted photochemically into amines, imines or amidines, and to a process for the preparation thereof. The invention relates also to compositions polymerisable or crosslinkable under basic conditions comprising such &agr;-ammonium alkenes, iminium alkenes or amidinium alkenes in the form of their tetra- or tri-arylalkylborate salts, to a method of carrying out photochemically induced, base-catalysed reactions, and to the use of such compounds as photoinitiators for base-catalysed reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of surface-active photoinitiators of formula I 1

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of surface-active photoinitiators of formula I the units being arranged randomly or in blocks, and wherein n is a number from 1 to 1000; m is a number from 0 to 100; p is a number from 0 to 10 000; x is the number 1, or, when n is 1, x may also be the number 2; A1 and A2 are, for example, C1-C18alkyl; or A1 and A2 together are a single bond; R1, R2 and R3 are, for example, each independently of the others C1-C18alkyl, phenyl or C5-C8cycloalkyl; R4 is, for example, unsubstituted or substituted C1-C18alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or C5-C8cycloalkyl; IN, when x is 1, is a radical of formula or IN, when x is 2, is a radical of formula R13 and R14 are, for example, each independently of the other C1-C12alkyl; Y is, for example, —(CH2)a—O—; X is OR15 or N(R16)(R17); R15 is, for example, hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; R16 and R17 are, for example, hydrogen or C1-C12alkyl; X1 has, for example, one of the mea

Abstract: The invention relates to organic compounds having a molecular weight of less than 1000 comprising at least one structural unit of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical which is capable of absorbing light in the wavelength range from 200 to 650 nm and in doing so brings about cleavage of the adjacent carbon-nitrogen bond.The compounds represent photoinitiators for base-catalyzable reactions. Other subjects of the invention are base-polymerizable or crosslinkable compositions comprising compounds having a structural unit of the formula I, a method of implementing photochemically induced, base-catalyzed reactions, and the use of the compounds as photoinitiators for base-catalyzed reactions.