Abstract: A capsule camera with on-board storage to archive the captured images in on-board non-volatile memory is disclosed. The capsule camera with on-board storage comprises multiple chips including a system processing chip and one or more non-volatile memory chips, where the system processing chip includes a compression module to compress images captured. If the multiple chips use individual chip packages and are disposed on respective printed circuit boards according to a conventional approach, it would require too much space to fit the multiple chips into the capsule camera housing. Accordingly, a capsule camera embodying the present invention is disclosed where the capsule camera integrates an image sensor, a light source, at least one system processing chip comprising compression module, one or more non-volatile memory chips and a battery into a housing, wherein the at least one system processing chip and said one or more non-volatile memory chips are disposed vertically in a multiple chip assembly.

Abstract: A capsule camera with on-board storage to archive the captured images in on-board non-volatile memory is disclosed. The capsule camera with on-board storage comprises multiple chips including a system processing chip and one or more non-volatile memory chips, where the system processing chip includes a compression module to compress images captured. If the multiple chips use individual chip packages and are disposed on respective printed circuit boards according to a conventional approach, it would require too much space to fit the multiple chips into the capsule camera housing. Accordingly, a capsule camera embodying the present invention is disclosed where the capsule camera integrates an image sensor, a light source, at least one system processing chip comprising compression module, one or more non-volatile memory chips and a battery into a housing, wherein the at least one system processing chip and said one or more non-volatile memory chips are disposed vertically in a multiple chip assembly.

Abstract: A collection device for retrieving a medical capsule discharges from the anus of a patient is disclosed. Medical capsules have been widely used for monitoring and diagnostic purposes. The capsule has to be retrieved to obtain the on-board data or for reuse of the capsule. Accordingly, cost effective, easy-to-deploy, and comfortable-to-use collection devices are disclosed for retrieving the capsule. The capsule collection device for retrieving a capsule discharged from anus of a patient into a bowl comprises a capture device to capture the capsule and to pass feces discharged from the anus, and a wand to pick up the capsule. A collapsible capture device is also disclosure which comprises a flange to adapt to a rim of the bowl, a sifting piece to separate the capsule from the feces, and a collapsible side walls to couple the sifting piece to the capture opening of the flange. Furthermore, a wand having ejection capability for ejecting a picked capsule is disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a capsule camera having on-board storage or wireless transmission to control image capture using motion information and to encode captured images based on motion compensated video compression are disclosed. In order to conserve the precious storage and power resources, the capsule camera measures motion metric to select a skip mode or a capture mode. In order to reduce computations related motion metric derivation, the motion metric is based on sub-images corresponding to a current frame and a previous captured frame instead of full-size images. When the skip mode is selected, the capsule camera exercises storage space/power conservation by skipping unnecessary image capture and/or reducing luminous energy of a light source or other means for power conservation. When the capture mode is selected, a full-size full-resolution frame is captured and compressed using motion-compensated video compression to achieve high compression ratio.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for displaying images captured from a panoramic capsule camera system. In one embodiment according to the invention, multiple sub-image sets are generated using a sub-image set window on the panoramic image by cyclically shifting the panoramic image. The multiple sub-image sets are then displayed in multiple display windows. In another embodiment according to the invention, the sub-image set in every other display window is flipped horizontally, vertically or both horizontally and vertically.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for displaying images captured from a capsule camera system. In order to increase the efficiency of viewing the image sequence, the image sequence is divided into multiple sub-sequences and the multiple sub-sequences are displayed in multiple viewing windows on a display screen concurrently. For images from a panoramic capsule system, the images typically have a very wide aspect ratio and may require different configuration for displaying in multiple viewing windows than that for image sequence having non-wide aspect ratio. The present invention also discloses methods and systems that divide a sequence from panoramic capsule camera into multiple member sequences and form an aggregated video. The aggregated video not only makes viewing more comfortable, but also speeds up viewing time.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for capsule location determination. There is a need to estimate the capsule location in a living body for drug dispensing, correlating capsule images with actual tract location and other purposes. A capsule location determining system is disclosed which comprises a plurality of sensing devices and a base station. Each sensing device comprises a radiating element to radiate an inducing signal, a generating circuit to provide a patterned signal to drive the radiating element, a sensing element to sense the induced field and a receiving circuit to provide a recovered signal. The base station estimates the capsule location based on a time profile of collected information related to the recovered signals from all sensing devices. Methods associated with the capsule location determining systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A capsule camera apparatus includes a swallowable housing, a light source within the housing, a camera within the housing for capturing a first digital image and a second digital image of a view of the camera illuminated by the light source, a motion detector that detects a motion of the housing the first digital image and the second digital image, and a motion evaluator that selects a disposition of the second digital image, based on a metric on the motion. The disposition may include writing the second image into an archival storage or providing the second digital image to the outside by a wireless communication link.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for capture control of video data from a capsule camera system having an on-board storage or wireless transmission. The capsule camera system moves through the GI tract under the action of peristalsis and records images of the intestinal walls. For some periods of time, the capsule camera system may move very slowly and there are little differences in the image data between different frames. These frames can be designated for discard to conserve storage space or conserve power. A capsule control processing unit is incorporated to evaluate motion metric based on image data associated with a current frame and a previous frame. A decision is made based on a profile of the motion metric to select an operation mode from a group comprising Capture Mode and Conservation Mode. The capsule camera system is then operated according to the selected operation mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for capture control of video data from a capsule camera system having an on-board storage or wireless transmission. The capsule camera system moves through the GI tract under the action of peristalsis and records images of the intestinal walls. For some periods of time, the capsule camera system may move very slowly and there are little differences in the image data between different frames. These frames can be designated for discard to conserve storage space or conserve power. A capsule control processing unit is incorporated to evaluate motion metric based on image data associated with a current frame and a previous frame. A decision is made based on a profile of the motion metric to select an operation mode from a group comprising Capture Mode and Conservation Mode. The capsule camera system is then operated according to the selected operation mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for displaying images captured from a panoramic capsule camera system. The panoramic images typically have a very wide aspect ratio and may cause fatigue when viewed by a diagnostician over an extended period on a display. The images taken by a capsule camera through the GI track may take a couple of hours or more to view at a typical frame rate of 30 frames per second or whatever rate that's deemed appropriate. The present invention discloses methods and systems that divide a sequence from panoramic capsule camera into multiple member sequences and form an aggregated video. The aggregated video not only makes viewing more comfortable, but also speeds up viewing time.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for capture control of video data from a capsule camera system having an on-board storage or wireless transmission. The capsule camera system moves through the GI tract under the action of peristalsis and records images of the intestinal walls. For some periods of time, the capsule camera system may move very slowly and there are little differences in the image data between different frames. These frames can be designated for discard to conserve storage space or conserve power. A capsule control processing unit is incorporated to evaluate motion metric based on image data associated with a current frame and a previous frame. A decision is made based on a profile of the motion metric to select an operation mode from a group comprising Capture Mode and Conservation Mode. The capsule camera system is then operated according to the selected operation mode.

Abstract: An in vivo endoscope illuminates tissue using multiple sources. Light from a short-range source exits a tubular wall of the endoscope through a first illumination region that overlaps an imaging region, and the light returns through the imaging region after reflection by tissue, to form an image in a camera. Light from a long-range source exits the tubular wall through a second illumination region that does not overlap the imaging region. The endoscope of some embodiments includes a mirror, and light from an emitter for the short-range source is split and reaches the first illumination region from both sides of an optical axis of the camera. Illuminating the first illumination region with split fractions of light results in greater uniformity of illumination, than illuminating directly with an un-split beam. The energy generated by each source is changed depending on distance of the tissue to be imaged.

Abstract: A camera system uses one or more image sensor IC chips each having multiple pixel arrays on the same semiconductor substrate (i.e., “multiple pixel arrays on a chip”). In one embodiment, such a camera system includes: (a) optical components that create multiple images in close physical proximity of each other (e.g., within a few millimeters or centimeters); and (b) a single sensor substrate (“chip”) containing multiple 2-dimensional pixel arrays that are aligned to capture these multiple images, so as to convert the multiple images into electrical signal. The pixel arrays can be manufactured using a CCD or a CMOS compatible process. For manufacturing reasons, such a chip is typically two centimeters or less on a side. However, large chips can also be made. Optional electronic components for further signal processing of the captured images may be formed either on the sensor chip (i.e., in a “system-on-a-chip” implementation), or in a separate back-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

Abstract: An apparatus and associated method for generating predistortion IMD in a predistortion circuit. The method comprising adjusting the bias voltage, adjusting the bias current; adjusting the gain of the amplifier; and adjusting the differential bias current flowing through each diode in an antiparallel diode pair. In one aspect, the bias voltage, the bias current, the gain of the amplifier, and the differential bias current can be iteratively adjusted to generate both even-order and odd-order predistortion IMD.

Abstract: An optical amplifier for fiber-optic communications systems is provided. The optical amplifier may have variable optical attenuators for adjusting the power on each of multiple input channels. A multiplexer may be used to combine the input channels onto a single optical path. A gain stage may be used to provide optical gain for the optical signals on the optical path. A control unit may be used to control the variable optical attenuators and the gain stage to produce a desired spectrum.

Abstract: A passive optical network is provided that integrates signals carrying broadcast CATV services into a FTTH/C network that also provides high-speed Internet access and telephony. Essentially all residential telecommunications services are provided in a single network, based on a single fiber and a single simple transceiver in an optical network unit. Multiple services (e.g., analog video, digital video, cable-modem based Internet access) are multiplexed using separate rf subcarriers (subcarrier multiplexing or SCM) and the delivered signals are compatible with existing consumer appliances (e.g., TVs, VCRs, cable modems, etc.).

Abstract: Optical channel monitor depolarizers are provided. The depolarizers may be used to reduce the effects of polarization-dependent loss on optical channel power measurements made in optical amplifiers or other optical network equipment. The channel power measurements may be used in controlling optical amplifiers and other equipment in wavelength-division-multiplexing communications links.

Abstract: A calibrated dynamic spectral filter is provided. Test and programming equipment may be used to characterize the spectral performance of the dynamic filter during manufacturing. The performance measurements may be used to generate calibration data. The calibration data may be stored in memory in the dynamic filter by the test and programming equipment. The calibration data may be used to calibrate the operation of the dynamic filter when the dynamic filter is used in optical equipment such as in an optical amplifier in a fiber-optic communications network.