Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG, purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG; purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG; purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the identification, cloning, and expression of a genetic locus within a Listeria monocytogenes genome that encodes a phage tail-like bacteriocin (PTLB), termed a monocin. Also provided are non-natural monocins, which have been engineered to have altered bactericidal specificity. Nucleic acid molecules encoding natural or non-natural monocins, vector constructs containing such nucleic acids operably linked to a heterologous promoter, producer cells containing such vectors, the encoded monocins, as well as methods of making and using such monocins are described.

Abstract: A fitting tube structure of a glue gun contains: a conical connection part, an accommodation chamber, a feeding segment, and an open segment. The fitting assembly includes a first fixing tube, an O ring, a second fixing tube, a stop sleeve, a locating ring, and a coupling tube. The first fixing tube has a stepped portion. The O ring is retained between the stepped portion and the second fixing tube. The stop sleeve is fitted on the first fixing tube and has a large-diameter extension and a small-diameter extension, and the large-diameter extension covers the first fixing tube and is fitted on the large-diameter extension by using the locating ring. The coupling tube is fixed on the small-diameter extension. Furthermore, the first fixing tube, the second fixing tube, and the stop sleeve are fitted and are fixed by the locating ring and the coupling tube.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: An improved hot melt glue gun with an automatic glue stick feeding structure includes a housing that is gun-shaped and that includes an inlet and an outlet. A glue stick feeding module is mounted in the housing and located adjacent to the inlet. The glue stick feeding module includes a motor connected to a casing. The casing includes a passage and a through-hole. The passage is located in the casing and intercommunicates with the inlet. The through-hole is aligned with the passage in a transverse direction. An activation module includes an activation rod reciprocatingly and movably extending through the through-hole. A micro switch is located adjacent to the activation module and is electrically connected to the motor. The micro switch is configured to be pressed by the activation rod to activate the motor. A hot melt module is mounted in the housing and located adjacent to the outlet.

Abstract: An improved hot melt glue gun with an automatic glue stick feeding structure includes a housing that is gun-shaped and that includes an inlet and an outlet. A glue stick feeding module is mounted in the housing and located adjacent to the inlet. The glue stick feeding module includes a motor connected to a casing. The casing includes a passage and a through-hole. The passage is located in the casing and intercommunicates with the inlet. The through-hole is aligned with the passage in a transverse direction. An activation module includes an activation rod reciprocatingly and movably extending through the through-hole. A micro switch is located adjacent to the activation module and is electrically connected to the motor. The micro switch is configured to be pressed by the activation rod to activate the motor. A hot melt module is mounted in the housing and located adjacent to the outlet.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG, purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: A hot melt glue gun with an automatic glue stick feeding structure includes a gun-shaped housing, a press button, an automatic glue stick feeding device, a hot melt unit, a nozzle, and a control unit. The automatic glue stick feeding device includes a casing and a synchronous motor having a transmission shaft. The casing includes a transmission gear, an inlet, and at least one gear train having upper and lower gears and a passage. The control unit includes a control printed circuit board, a micro switch, a forward relay output control portion, and a rearward relay output control portion. A glue stick is moved forwards when a user slightly presses the press button. When the press button is not pressed, the glue stick moves rearwards, avoiding continuous dripping of the molten glue through a nozzle.

Abstract: A hot melt glue gun with a base includes a hot melt glue gun and an auxiliary base detachably mounted to the hot melt glue gun. The hot melt glue gun includes a bottom. The bottom is flat and includes two lateral sides. Each of the two lateral sides of the bottom includes a groove and a coupling groove in communication with the groove. The auxiliary base includes a base body having a flat bottom and two arms extending from the flat bottom. Each of the two arms includes a coupling block. Each coupling block is detachably coupled with one of the coupling grooves.

Abstract: A hot melt glue gun with an automatic glue stick feeding structure includes a gun-shaped housing, a press button, an automatic glue stick feeding device, a hot melt unit, a nozzle, and a control unit. The automatic glue stick feeding device includes a casing and a synchronous motor having a transmission shaft. The casing includes a transmission gear, an inlet, and at least one gear train having upper and lower gears and a passage. The control unit includes a control printed circuit board, a micro switch, a forward relay output control portion, and a rearward relay output control portion. A glue stick is moved forwards when a user slightly presses the press button. When the press button is not pressed, the glue stick moves rearwards, avoiding continuous dripping of the molten glue through a nozzle.