Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG, purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: A hot melt glue gun with a base includes a hot melt glue gun and an auxiliary base detachably mounted to the hot melt glue gun. The hot melt glue gun includes a bottom. The bottom is flat and includes two lateral sides. Each of the two lateral sides of the bottom includes a groove and a coupling groove in communication with the groove. The auxiliary base includes a base body having a flat bottom and two arms extending from the flat bottom. Each of the two arms includes a coupling block. Each coupling block is detachably coupled with one of the coupling grooves.

Abstract: A hot melt glue gun with an automatic glue stick feeding structure includes a gun-shaped housing, a press button, an automatic glue stick feeding device, a hot melt unit, a nozzle, and a control unit. The automatic glue stick feeding device includes a casing and a synchronous motor having a transmission shaft. The casing includes a transmission gear, an inlet, and at least one gear train having upper and lower gears and a passage. The control unit includes a control printed circuit board, a micro switch, a forward relay output control portion, and a rearward relay output control portion. A glue stick is moved forwards when a user slightly presses the press button. When the press button is not pressed, the glue stick moves rearwards, avoiding continuous dripping of the molten glue through a nozzle.

Abstract: A hot melt glue gun with an automatic glue stick feeding structure includes a gun-shaped housing, a press button, an automatic glue stick feeding device, a hot melt unit, a nozzle, and a control unit. The automatic glue stick feeding device includes a casing and a synchronous motor having a transmission shaft. The casing includes a transmission gear, an inlet, and at least one gear train having upper and lower gears and a passage. The control unit includes a control printed circuit board, a micro switch, a forward relay output control portion, and a rearward relay output control portion. A glue stick is moved forwards when a user slightly presses the press button. When the press button is not pressed, the glue stick moves rearwards, avoiding continuous dripping of the molten glue through a nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of preventing or inhibiting the onset and/or treating autoimmune demyelinating neuropathy and other autoimmune or inflammatory diseases involving macrophage infiltration.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions from reprogramming human glial cells into human neurons. The reprogramming is achieved using combinations of compounds that can modify signaling via Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and ?-secretase/Notch pathways. The reprogramming is demonstrated using groups of three or four compounds that are chosen from the group thiazovivin, LDN193189, SB431542, TTNPB, CHIR99021, DAPT, VPA, SAG, purmorphamine. Reprogramming is demonstrated using the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of B431542/CHIR99021/DAPT, the group of LDN193189/DAPT/SB431542, the group of LDN193189/CHIR99021/SB431542, a three drug combination of SB431542/CHIR99021/DAPT. Reprogramming using functional analogs of the compounds is also provided, as are pharmaceutical formulations that contain the drug combinations.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the identification, cloning, and expression of a genetic locus within a Listeria monocytogenes genome that encodes a phage tail-like bacteriocin (PTLB), termed a monocin. Also provided are non-natural monocins, which have been engineered to have altered bactericidal specificity. Nucleic acid molecules encoding natural or non-natural monocins, vector constructs containing such nucleic acids operably linked to a heterologous promoter, producer cells containing such vectors, the encoded monocins, as well as methods of making and using such monocins are described.

Abstract: A refill adapter for a travel toothpaste tube is provided as an adapter which has one end to be engaged with a large-capacity toothpaste tube and the other end to be engaged with a travel toothpaste tube. The refill equipment is integrated with a cap for the travel toothpaste in order to be carried together with the cap as one body. The cap for the travel toothpaste tube includes a refill adapter, which is configured to be a hollow tube and have one end to be engaged with a nozzle of a large-capacity toothpaste tube and the other end to be engaged with a nozzle of the travel toothpaste tube, and an upper cap configured to be detachably engaged with the one end of the refill adapter.

Abstract: A refill adapter for a travel toothpaste tube is provided as an adapter which has one end to be engaged with a large-capacity toothpaste tube and the other end to be engaged with a travel toothpaste tube. The refill equipment is integrated with a cap for the travel toothpaste in order to be carried together with the cap as one body. The cap for the travel toothpaste tube includes a refill adapter, which is configured to be a hollow tube and have one end to be engaged with a nozzle of a large-capacity toothpaste tube and the other end to be engaged with a nozzle of the travel toothpaste tube, and an upper cap configured to be detachably engaged with the one end of the refill adapter.