Abstract: A sample cartridge for a liquid chromatography device includes a microfluidic chip. A collector in the microfluidic chip includes a collector flow channel and a first window for acquisition of spectral data from a sample in the collector flow channel.

Abstract: A conductive pad includes a surface and a plurality of bumps extending from the surface. Each of the plurality of bumps includes a plurality of pores. The surface and the plurality of bumps defines respective cavities therebetween. A conductive gel is disposed in the cavities. The conductive gel is compressible through the plurality of pores.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a substrate including a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) zone. The PCR zone includes a first heating region, a second heating region spaced away from the first heating region and a detection region. A microchannel is formed in the substrate. The microchannel receives a fluid flowing therethrough, the microchannel passing through the first heating region and second heating region to thermally cycle the fluid. The microchannel passes through the detection region after the fluid has been thermally cycled.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a substrate including a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) zone. The PCR zone includes a first heating region, a second heating region spaced away from the first heating region and a detection region. A microchannel is formed in the substrate. The microchannel receives a fluid flowing therethrough, the microchannel passing through the first heating region and second heating region to thermally cycle the fluid. The microchannel passes through the detection region after the fluid has been thermally cycled.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a substrate including a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) zone. The PCR zone includes a first heating region, a second heating region spaced away from the first heating region and a detection region. A microchannel is formed in the substrate. The microchannel receives a fluid flowing therethrough, the microchannel passing through the first heating region and second heating region to thermally cycle the fluid. The microchannel passes through the detection region after the fluid has been thermally cycled.

Abstract: A sample cartridge for a liquid chromatography device includes a microfluidic chip. A collector in the microfluidic chip includes a collector flow channel and a first window for acquisition of spectral data from a sample in the collector flow channel.

Abstract: A sample cartridge for a liquid chromatography device includes a microfluidic chip. A collector in the microfluidic chip includes a collector flow channel and a first window for acquisition of spectral data from a sample in the collector flow channel.

Abstract: A sample cartridge for a liquid chromatography device includes a microfluidic chip. A collector in the microfluidic chip includes a collector flow channel and a first window for acquisition of spectral data from a sample in the collector flow channel.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing Raman spectral analysis of a sample is described, comprising a coherent light source, an first optical chain to direct the coherent light to impinge on the sample, a second optical chain to direct the scattered light onto a diffraction grating, and a third optical chain to direct the diffracted light onto detection array. The diffraction grating is a stairstep with a metalized surface, and a plurality of metalized stripes on a flat surface is disposed in a direction orthogonal to the long dimension of the stairsteps. The region between the flat surface and the stairstep is transparent. The zeroth-order fringe is selected by a slit and directed onto camera. The resultant interferogram is Fourier transformed to produce a representation of the Raman spectrum.

Abstract: A micropump device including a first wafer and a second wafer attached to the first wafer. The first and second wafers are configured to define a chamber therebetween having a predetermined volume. A third wafer is attached to the second wafer to define an inlet section and an outlet section in fluid communication with the chamber. At least one of the second and third wafers are formed to define a moveable diaphragm configured to change the predetermined volume of the chamber for pumping a fluid between the inlet section and the outlet section.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing Raman spectral analysis of a sample is described, comprising a coherent light source, an first optical chain to direct the coherent light to impinge on the sample, a second optical chain to direct the scattered light onto a diffraction grating, and a third optical chain to direct the diffracted light onto detection array. The diffraction grating is a stairstep with a metalized surface, and a plurality of metalized stripes on a flat surface is disposed in a direction orthogonal to the long dimension of the stairsteps. The region between the flat surface and the stairstep is transparent. The zeroth-order fringe is selected by a slit and directed onto camera. The resultant interferogram is Fourier transformed to produce a representation of the Raman spectrum.

Abstract: A micropump device including a first wafer and a second wafer attached to the first wafer. The first and second wafers are configured to define a chamber therebetween having a predetermined volume. A third wafer is attached to the second wafer to define an inlet section and an outlet section in fluid communication with the chamber. At least one of the second and third wafers are formed to define a moveable diaphragm configured to change the predetermined volume of the chamber for pumping a fluid between the inlet section and the outlet section.

Abstract: A micropump device including a first wafer and a second wafer attached to the first wafer. The first and second wafers are configured to define a chamber therebetween having a predetermined volume. A third wafer is attached to the second wafer to define an inlet section and an outlet section in fluid communication with the chamber. At least one of the second and third wafers are formed to define a moveable diaphragm configured to change the predetermined volume of the chamber for pumping a fluid between the inlet section and the outlet section.

Abstract: A thin-film metal-oxide compound includes a titanium dioxide layer having a thickness of about 100 to 1000 nanometers. The titanium dioxide layer has a single-phase anatase structure. The titanium dioxide layer is directly disposed on a substrate comprised of glass, sapphire, or silicon. A solar cell includes a backing layer, a p-n junction layer, a metal-oxide layer, a top electrical layer and a contact layer. The backing layer includes a p-type semiconductor material. The p-n junction layer has a first side disposed on a front side of the backing layer. The metal-oxide layer includes an n-type titanium dioxide film having a thickness in the range of about 100 to about 1000 nanometers. The metal-oxide layer is disposed on a second side of the p-n junction layer. The top electrical layer is disposed on the metal-oxide layer, and the contact layer is disposed on a back side of the backing layer.

Abstract: A flow unit for microfluidic particles separation and concentration is disclosed. The unit comprises a nozzle segment, a turn segment, and a diffuser segment. The nozzle segment is defined by a first member and a second member, and has an opening through which fluid and microfluidic particles enter. The nozzle segment has a narrowing portion at which the first and second members narrow from the opening to increase momentum of the fluid therethrough. The turn segment is defined by the first member flaring outwardly downstream from the narrowing portion to change flow direction of the fluid consistent with the first member. The diffuser segment is defined by the second member extending past the turn segment to facilitate separation of the microfluidic particles from the fluid due to the inability to follow the fluid flow.

Abstract: Methods of forming a gated, self-aligned nano-structures for electron extraction are disclosed. One method of forming the nano-structure comprises irradiating a first surface of a thermally conductive laminate to melt an area across the first surface of the laminate. The laminate comprises a thermally conductive film and a patterned layer disposed on the first surface of the film. The patterned layer has a pattern formed therethrough, defining the area for melting. The film is insulated at a second surface thereof to provide two-dimensional heat transfer laterally in plane of the film. The liquid density of the film is greater than the solid density thereof. The method further comprises cooling the area inwardly from the periphery thereof to form the nano-structure having an apical nano-tip for electron emission centered in an electrically isolated aperture that serves as a gate electrode to control electron extraction in a gated field emitter device.

Abstract: A multisurfaced microdevice system array is produced from a wafer formed of semiconductor substrate material. Sensing, controlling and actuating microdevices are fabricated at specific location on both sides of the wafer, and the wafer is diced. Each die thus created is then formed into a multisurfaced, multifaced structure having outer and inner faces. The multifaced structure and the microdevices form a standardized microdevice system, and cooperatively combined microdevice systems form a microdevice system array. Communication of energy and data to and between microdevices on each and other microdevice systems of the microdevice system array is provided by energy transferring devices including electric conductors for transferring electric energy, ultrasound emitters and receivers for transferring acoustic energy, and electromagnetic energy emitters and receivers for transferring electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: A method for producing a thin film titanium dioxide is disclosed. The disclosed method for producing the thin film titanium dioxide includes performing a magnetron reactive sputtering process to vaporize at least portions of a titanium source in a sputtering chamber that is supplied with gaseous oxygen. The vaporized titanium reacts with the oxygen to form anatase titanium dioxide, which is deposited on a substrate within the sputtering chamber.

Abstract: A method for producing a thin film titanium dioxide is disclosed. The disclosed method for producing the thin film titanium dioxide includes performing a magnetron reactive sputtering process to vaporize at least portions of a titanium source in a sputtering chamber that is supplied with gaseous oxygen. The vaporized titanium reacts with the oxygen to form anatase titanium dioxide, which is deposited on a substrate within the sputtering chamber.

Abstract: A multisurfaced microdevice system array is produced from a wafer formed of semiconductor substrate material. Sensing, controlling and actuating microdevices are fabricated at specific location on both sides of the wafer, and the wafer is diced. Each die thus created is then formed into a multisurfaced, multifaced structure having outer and inner faces. The multifaced structure and the microdevices form a standardized microdevice system, and cooperatively combined microdevice systems form a microdevice system array. Communication of energy and data to and between microdevices on each and other microdevice systems of the microdevice system array is provided by energy transferring devices including electric conductors for transferring electric energy, ultrasound emitters and receivers for transferring acoustic energy, and electromagnetic energy emitters and receivers for transferring electromagnetic energy.