Abstract: In a process for producing C1-C10 aldehydes by oxidative dehydrogenation of C1-C10 alcohols over a shaped catalyst body obtainable by three-dimensional shaping and/or arranging in space of silver-containing fibers and/or threads, the average diameter or the average diagonal length of an essentially rectangular or square cross section of these silver-containing fibers and/or threads is in the range from 30 ?m to 200 ?m.

Abstract: A process of producing ultrapure water includes passing a water stream through a plurality of treatment stages in which inorganic and organic species which are present in the water are separated from the water stream; and adding an aqueous hypobromite solution to the water stream in at least one of the stages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for workup of a stream (1) comprising butene and/or butadiene, butane, hydrogen and/or nitrogen and carbon dioxide, comprising: (a) absorption of stream (1) with a mixture (5) comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to obtain a stream (9) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, butane, and optionally carbon dioxide, and a stream (7) comprising hydrogen and/or nitrogen and butane, (b) extractive distillation of stream (9) with a stream (13) comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to separate the stream (9) into a stream (17) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and a stream (15) comprising essentially butane, and optionally carbon dioxide, (c) distillation of stream (17) into a stream (23) comprising essentially N-methylpyrrolidone and water, and a stream (21) comprising butene and/or butadiene.

Abstract: A total evaporator for fluids, including a cold chamber to prevent pre-evaporation, an evaporation region connected thereto having narrow flow cross-section for fast evaporation of the fluid, and a subsequent vapor chamber for pulsation damping and the controlled superheating of the vapor, the evaporation region being formed by a gap between concentrically nested cylindrical and/or conical tube sections and heat required for the evaporation and superheating processes is supplied by electric heating and/or by hot fluid and/or by catalytic or homogeneous combustion via the wall of the concentric tubes.

Abstract: A reactor in the form of a cylinder or prism wherein the interior of the reactor is divided by a cylindrical or prismatic gastight housing G which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor into an inner region having one or more catalytically active zones, in which in each case a packing composed of monoliths stacked on top of one another, next to one another and behind one another and before each catalytically active zone in each case a mixing zone having solid internals are provided, and an outer region B arranged coaxially to the inner region A, wherein the inner region A is insulated from the outer region B of the reactor by means of a microporous high-performance insulation material having a thermal conductivity 1 at temperatures up to 700° C. of less than 0.05 W/m*K is proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as a monolith to give a reaction gas mixture and regeneration of the catalyst in a reactor in the form of a cylinder or prism, wherein the reactor is operated alternately in the production mode of the autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation and in the regeneration mode.

Abstract: In a process for producing C1-C10 aldehydes by oxidative dehydrogenation of C1-C10 alcohols over a shaped catalyst body obtainable by three-dimensional shaping and/or arranging in space of silver-containing fibers and/or threads, the average diameter or the average diagonal length of an essentially rectangular or square cross section of these silver-containing fibers and/or threads is in the range from 30 ?m to 200 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for workup of a stream (1) comprising butene and/or butadiene, butane, hydrogen and/or nitrogen and carbon dioxide, comprising: (a) absorption of stream (1) with a mixture (5) comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to obtain a stream (9) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, butane, and optionally carbon dioxide, and a stream (7) comprising hydrogen and/or nitrogen and butane, (b) extractive distillation of stream (9) with a stream (13) comprising 80 to 97% by weight of N-methylpyrrolidone and 3 to 20% by weight of water to separate the stream (9) into a stream (17) comprising N-methylpyrrolidone, water, butene and/or butadiene, and a stream (15) comprising essentially butane, and optionally carbon dioxide, (c) distillation of stream (17) into a stream (23) comprising essentially N-methylpyrrolidone and water, and a stream (21) comprising butene and/or butadiene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams, which reactor comprises a tube through which the stream to be treated flows, wherein, in the tube, there are arranged at least one light source, at least one flat means M1 provided with at least one photocatalytically active material and at least one flat means M2 reflecting the light radiation radiated by the at least one light source, wherein the reflecting surface of the at least one means M2 and the inner wall of the tube are at an angle greater than or equal to 0°, in such a manner that the light exiting from the light source is reflected by the at least one means M2 onto the photocatalytically active material, and to a method for the photocatalytic treatment of liquid or gaseous streams by irradiation with light in the reactor according to the invention.

Abstract: A reactor includes an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream using an oxygen-comprising gas stream to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith. The interior of the reactor is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing, which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor and is gastight in the circumferential direction, into an inner region having one or more catalytically active zones, each having a packing composed of monoliths stacked on top of one another, next to one another and behind one another and before each catalytically active zone in each case a mixing zone having solid internals are provided and into an outer region, which is supplied with an inert gas, arranged coaxially to the inner region. A heat exchanger is connected to the housing at one end of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of a contaminant-containing stream by bringing the stream to be purified into contact with a heterogeneous photocatalyst with irradiation with light, where the bringing into contact takes place in the presence of at least one compound dissolved in the stream and comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and mixtures thereof, and to the use of a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the purification of a contaminant-containing stream, where, in the stream to be purified, at least one compound comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and mixtures thereof is present in dissolved form.

Abstract: A reactor (1) in the form of an essentially horizontal cylinder for carrying out an autothermal gas-phase dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-comprising gas stream (2) by means of an oxygen-comprising gas stream (3) to give a reaction gas mixture over a heterogeneous catalyst configured as monolith (4), wherein the interior of the reactor (1) is divided by a detachable, cylindrical or prismatic housing G which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the reactor (1) and is gastight in the circumferential direction and open at two end faces of the housing into an inner region A having one or more catalytically active zones (5), in which in each case a packing composed of monoliths (4) stacked on top of one another, next to one another and above one another and before each catalytically active zone (5) in each case a mixing zone (6) having solid internals are provided, and an outer region B arranged coaxially to the inner region A, is proposed.

Abstract: A process for controlled conversion of at least two gases which form ignitable and/or explosive mixtures with one another, in which the gases are absorbed either separately or together in a carrier liquid which is inert in relation to the gases; the carrier liquid with the absorbed gases is fed to a degasser which comprises a closed degassing vessel (2) which comprises at least one feed line for the gas-laden carrier liquid (1) and at least one gas outlet (3) at its upper end, and also one or more drains for the carrier liquid below the feed line for the carrier liquid and in each case connected to a drain pipe (4), and in such a manner that the liquid flow rate in the degassing vessel (2) is less than 0.

Abstract: In a method for purifying exhaust gases in particular from lean-burn internal combustion engines having an exhaust-gas converter with a heat exchanger and catalysts arranged in inflow and/or outflow passages, the heat exchanger exhaust gas which flows in is heated by heat exchange with exhaust gas which flows. The incoming exhaust gas enters the inflow passages without encountering any obstacle susceptible to blockages, and flows through the inflow passages to a diversion region. Heat is fed to the exhaust gas by means of a burner. The burner is operated with fuel, air and engine exhaust gas in such a way that it supplies either an oxidizing or a reducing exhaust gas. Burner exhaust gas is admixed to the gas which emerges from the inflow passages and, together with this gas, enters the outflow passages, where nitrogen oxides are removed from it by a deNOxing catalyst present in the outflow passages.

Abstract: A process of producing ultrapure water includes passing a water stream through a plurality of treatment stages in which inorganic and organic species which are present in the water are separated from the water stream; and adding an aqueous hypobromite solution to the water stream in at least one of the stages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the regeneration of a reactor and the use of said method for the improved performance of production processes for desired products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous silazane cleavage method, especially for use in the production of molecular precursors for non-oxidic inorganic ceramics.

Abstract: A process for controlled conversion of at least two gases which form ignitable and/or explosive mixtures with one another, in which the gases are absorbed either separately or together in a carrier liquid which is inert in relation to the gases; the carrier liquid with the absorbed gases is fed to a degasser which comprises a closed degassing vessel (2) which comprises at least one feed line for the gas-laden carrier liquid (1) and at least one gas outlet (3) at its upper end, and also one or more drains for the carrier liquid below the feed line for the carrier liquid and in each case connected to a drain pipe (4), and in such a manner that the liquid flow rate in the degassing vessel (2) is less than 0.

Abstract: A total evaporator for fluids, including a cold chamber to prevent pre-evaporation, an evaporation region connected thereto having narrow flow cross-section for fast evaporation of the fluid, and a subsequent vapor chamber for pulsation damping and the controlled superheating of the vapor, the evaporation region being formed by a gap between concentrically nested cylindrical and/or conical tube sections and heat required for the evaporation and superheating processes is supplied by electric heating and/or by hot fluid and/or by catalytic or homogeneous combustion via the wall of the concentric tubes.

Abstract: In a method for purifying exhaust gases in particular from lean-burn internal combustion engines having an exhaust-gas converter with a heat exchanger and catalysts arranged in inflow and/or outflow passages, the heat exchanger exhaust gas which flows in is heated by heat exchange with exhaust gas which flows. The incoming exhaust gas enters the inflow passages without encountering any obstacle susceptible to blockages, and flows through the inflow passages to a diversion region. Heat is fed to the exhaust gas by means of a burner. The burner is operated with fuel, air and engine exhaust gas in such a way that it supplies either an oxidizing or a reducing exhaust gas. Burner exhaust gas is admixed to the gas which emerges from the inflow passages and, together with this gas, enters the outflow passages, where nitrogen oxides are removed from it by a deNOxing catalyst present in the outflow passages.