Abstract: A process for the reduction of the residual monomer content and enhancement of the wet strength of articles formed from water absorbent crosslinked polymer foams containing units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated acids, which comprises treating the formed articles with at least 0.5 % by weight of a polymer containing primary and/or secondary amino groups and having a molar mass of at least 300, the formed foam articles thus obtainable and use of the wet strength enhanced formed foam articles in hygiene articles.

Abstract: Water-absorbing, expanded, crosslinked polymers obtainable by (I) foaming a polymerizable aqueous mixture which comprises (a) monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain acidic groups and are optionally neutralized, (b) optionally other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, (c) crosslinkers, (d) initiators, (e) 0.

Abstract: Flexible open-celled microcellular foams based on thermoplastic polymers are useful for fluid-absorbent hygiene articles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the swellability and the swelling kinetics of superabsorbent material (9) such as polymer gels, for example, which comprises introducing a defined volume of the dry superabsorbent material (9) into a measuring vessel (7), using a movable element (4) within said measuring vessel (7) to apply a restraining force (12) to said superabsorbent material (9) and capturing the expansion of said superabsorbent material (9) contactlessly within a chamber (14) in a continuous manner by capturing the change in height of a piston (4) which bounds said chamber (14), travels in a measuring vessel (7) and is marked with a height scale (6).

Abstract: A water-absorbing, expanded, crosslinked polymer obtainable by (I) foaming a polymerizable aqueous mixture which comprises (a) monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain acidic groups and are optionally neutralized, (b) optionally other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, (c) crosslinkers, (d) initiators, (e) 0.

Abstract: Flexible open-celled microcellular foams based on thermoplastic polymers are useful for fluid-absorbent hygiene articles.

Abstract: A copolymer of the monomers of the following components A to C and, if required, D, the total amount by weight of which is 100 mol %: a: from 20 to 80 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or of an anhydride, ester and/or amide thereof as component A, b: from 1 to 79 mol % of at least one diketene of the general formula (I)  where R1 and R2 independently are each hydrogen or C1-C30-alkyl, as component B, c: from 1 to 79 mol % of at least one vinyl ester, alkyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylonitrile or mixtures thereof as component C and d: from 0 to less than 0.5 mol % or, if at least 20 mol % of component C are present, from 0 to 20 mol % of at least one further olefinically unsaturated monomer as component D, is used as a flow improver in mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: Biodegradable polyesteramides as defined in the specification are obtained by reacting a mixture consisting essentially of a1) a mixture consisting essentially of 35 to 95 mol % of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof, 5 to 65 mol % of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof, and 0 to 5 mol % of a compound containing sulfonate groups, a2) a mixture consisting essentially of 95.5 to 0.5 mol % of a dihydroxy compound, 0.5 to 99.5 mol % of an amino-C2-C12-alkanol or an amino-C5-C10-cycloalkanol, 0 to 50 mol % of a diamino-C1-C8-alkane, and 0 to 50 mol % of a 2,2′-bisoxazoline of the formula I  wherein R1 is as set forth in the specification, and a3) 0 to 5 mol %, based on a1), of a compound D as set forth in the specification; and other biodegradable polymers and thermoplastic molding compositions, their manufacture and their use for producing biodegradable moldings, adhesives, foams, and coatings.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions or aqueous emulsions of copolymers are obtainable by copolymerization of (a) from 20 to 95 mol % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated C4-C12-dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof with (b) from 5 to 80 mol % of at least one branched oligomer or polymer which has a vinyl, vinylidene or alkylvinylene terminal group and is of at least 9 carbon atoms and (c) from 0 to 50 mol % of at least one further monoethylenically unsaturated compound which is copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and (b) and contain from 0.5 to 70% by weight, based on the total amount of the solutions or emulsions, of these copolymers. These copolymer solutions or emulsions are suitable as leather assistants and as dispersants for pigments.

Abstract: Biodegradable polyesters P1 obtainable by reaction of a mixture consisting essentially of (a1) a mixture consisting essentially of from 35 to 95 mol % of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, from 5 to 65 mol % of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, and from 0 to 5 mol % of a sulfonate compound, the sum of the individual mole percentages being 100 mol %, and (a2) a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of C2-C6-alkanediols and CS-C10-cycloalkanediols, the molar ratio of (a1) to (a2) being chosen within the range from 0.4:1 to 1.5:1, with the proviso that the polyesters P1 have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range from 5000 to 50,000 g/mol, a viscosity number within the range from 30 to 350 g/ml (measured in 50:50 w/w o-dichlorobenzene/phenol at a concentration of 0.5% by weight of polyester P1 at 25° C.) and a melting point within the range from 50 to 170° C.

Abstract: Absorber elements are described of at least one composite material having absorbent elements on a support, in which a plurality of elements of a superabsorbent foam are arranged on at least one support in a grid pattern at distances such that the elements in the swollen state touch at their peripheries.

Abstract: Biodegradable polyesters P1 obtainable by reaction of a mixture consisting essentially of (a1) a mixture consisting essentially of from 35 to 95 mol % of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, from 5 to 65 mol % of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, and from 0 to 5 mol % of a sulfonate compound, the sum of the individual mole percentages being 100 mol %, and (a2) a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of C2-C6-alkanediols and C5-C10-cycloalkanediols, the molar ratio of (a1) to (a2) being chosen within the range from 0.4:1 to 1.5:1, with the proviso that the polyesters P1 have a molecular weight (Mn) within the range from 5000 to 50,000 g/mol, a viscosity number within the range from 30 to 350 g/ml (measured in 50:50 w/w o-dichlorobenzene/phenol at a concentration of 0.5% by weight of polyester P1 at 25° C.) and a melting point within the range from 50 to 170° C.

Abstract: Water-absorbing foamlike crosslinked polymers which are obtainable by (I) foaming a polymerizable aqueous mixture which consists of (a) monoethylenically unsaturated monomers containing acid groups, which are at least 50 mol % neutralized, (b) with or without other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, (c) crosslinker, (d) initiators, (e) from 0.1 to 20% by weight of at least one surfactant, (f) with or without one or more solubilizers and (g) with or without thickeners, foam stabilizers, polymerization regulators, fillers and/or cell nucleating agents, the foaming being performed by dispersing fine bubbles of a gas inert to free radicals, and (II) polymerizing the foamed mixture with formation of a foamed hydrogel, with or without adjusting the water content of the foamed polymer to from 1 to 60% by weight, processes for their preparation and their use in sanitary articles which are used for absorbing body fluids and in dressing materials for covering wounds are described.

Abstract: A mixture comprising (a) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one polycarboxylate having at least 3 carboxyls, (b) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one amine having a pKa value of more than 9, and (c) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one acid selected from the group consisting of mineral acids and organic acids having one or two carboxyls and not more than 10 carbons, with the proviso that the mixture contains less than 24% by weight of triphosphates, is used in detergent and rinse aid formulations.

Abstract: Water-absorbing, expanded, crosslinked polymers obtainable by(I) foaming a polymerizable aqueous mixture which comprises(a) monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which contain acidic groups and are at least 50 mol % neutralized,(b) with or without other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers,(c) crosslinkers,(d) initiators,(e) 0.1-20% by weight of at least one surfactant,(f) with or without at least one solubilizer and(g) with or without thickeners, foam stabilizers, polymerization regulators, fillers and/or cell nucleating agents,where the foaming takes place by dispersing fine bubbles of a gas which is inert to free radicals, and(II) polymerizing the foamed mixture to form an expanded hydrogel and adjusting the water content of the expanded polymer to 1-45% by weight, a process for their production and their use in hygiene articles employed to absorb body fluids and in dressing material for covering wounds.

Abstract: Biodegradable polyesters P1 obtainable by reaction of a mixture consisting essentially of(a1) a mixture consisting essentially offrom 35 to 95 mol % of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof,from 5 to 65 mol % of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, andfrom 0 to 5 mol % of a sulfonate compound,the sum of the individual mole percentages being 100 mol %, and(a2) a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanediols and C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkanediols,the molar ratio of (a1) to (a2) being chosen within the range from 0.4:1 to 1.5:1,with the proviso that the polyesters P1 have a molecular weight (M.sub.n) within the range from 5000 to 50,000 g/mol, a viscosity number within the range from 30 to 350 g/ml (measured in 50:50 w/w dichlorobenzene/phenol at a concentration of 0.5% by weight of polyester P1 at 25.degree. C.) and a melting point within the range from 50 to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: Formaldehyde-free aqueous binders compriseA) a polymer containing from 5 to [lacuna]% by weight of units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated acid anhydride or from an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid whose carboxyl groups can form an anhydride group, andB) an alkanolamine having at least two hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Biodegradable polyesters P1 obtainable by reaction of a mixture consisting essentially of(a1) a mixture consisting essentially offrom 35 to 95 mol % of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof,from 5 to 65 mol % of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof, andfrom 0 to 5 mol % of a sulfonate compound, the sum of the individual mole percentages being 100 mol %, and(a2) a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanediols and C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkanediols,the molar ratio of (a1) to (a2) being chosen within the range from 0.4:1 to 1.5:1,with the proviso that the polyesters P1 have a molecular weight (M.sub.n) within the range from 5000 to 50,000 g/mol, a viscosity number within the range from 30 to 350 g/ml (measured in 50:50 w/w o-dichlorobenzene/phenol at a concentration of 0.5% by weight of polyester P1 at 25.degree. C.) and a melting point within the range from 50 to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: The use of modified polyaspartic acids which are obtainable by polycondensation of aspartic acid in the presence of, in each case based on the aspartic acid employed,(a) 2.5 to 25 mol % of amines with at least 6 carbon atoms(b) at least 2% by weight of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphoric acids, phosphorus pentoxide, phosphonic acids or mixtures of said acids,at temperatures of at least 120.degree. C. and subsequent hydrolysis with bases to give modified polyaspartic acids with a phosphorus content of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, as additive to detergents, and detergents which contain the modified polyaspartic acids in amounts of from 0.1 to 20% by weight.

Abstract: Process for preparing polycondensates of aspartic acid by polycondensation of aspartic acid at from 140.degree. to 300.degree. C. in the presence of sulfuric acid which has been partially neutralized with ammonia and/or amines as catalyst, and use of the reaction mixtures obtainable in this way or of the reaction mixtures neutralized with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bases as additive to phosphate-free or reduced phosphate detergents and cleaners.