Abstract: An opposed piston engine with gas exchange control using sliding sleeves embodied on their outer periphery as differential pistons that can be operated as slave pistons. A plunger that is displaceable by a cam is used as a master piston. A hydraulic liquid is housed between the master piston and the slave piston in a closed pipe system. The liquid column housed between the master piston and the slave piston can be displaced back and forth by hydrostatic pressure build-up enabling the gas exchange elements to be opened and closed by the sliding sleeves.

Abstract: A sealing system for sliding sleeves for controlling gas exchange in internal combustion engines. The sealing system is designed such that the pressure on the sealing seat of the sliding sleeve increases when the gas pressure increases, which is similar to that of common valves in internal combustion engines. This is obtained by way of a pressure stage on the inner diameter in the region of the sealing seat of the sliding sleeve. As a result, the maximum outer diameter of the sealing seat does not exceed the inner diameter of the piston running surface of the sliding sleeve, the closing pressure acting upon the sliding sleeve being equal to or greater than the maximum possible opening pressure acting upon the sliding sleeve even when the sealing seat is subjected to a total gas pressure.

Abstract: A gas exchange control mechanism for an opposed-piston engine which opens and closes inlet and outlet slots provided in the cylinder irrespective of the position of the pistons. The opposed pistons are guided completely or partially during stroke in sliding sleeves during operation of the engine. The sleeves may reciprocate mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically in a linear manner. The sliding sleeves are adapted to open and close gas guide channels located in the engine housing.

Abstract: A gas exchange control mechanism for an opposed-piston engine which opens and closes inlet and outlet slots provided in the cylinder irrespective of the position of the pistons. The opposed pistons are guided completely or partially during stroke in sliding sleeves during operation of the engine. The sleeves may reciprocate mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically in a linear manner. The sliding sleeves are adapted to open and close gas guide channels located in the engine housing.

Abstract: An internal combustion comprises a cooling circuit of the cylinder heat and cylinder in the region of the upper dead center of the piston and cooling solely by oil injection into the cylinder in the lower region of the cylinder. The cooling circuit consists not or built-in-cooling channels but a separate component in the form of a jacket which together the cylinder and possibly the cylinder head forms the corresponding cooling chambers. To unify the thermal characteristics of the cylinder, a thermal insulation which may serve at the same time as acoustic insulation, is arranged in the lower part of the cylinder.

Abstract: The cylinder head in a compression-ignition engine with at least three cylinders has a single opening for admission of fuel charge, a single opening for exhaust gases, a first set of channels which connect the fuel charge admitting opening with the inlet valves for discrete cylinders, and a second set of channels which connect the opening for exhaust gases with the exhaust valves for discrete cylinders. This renders it possible to dispense with intake and exhaust manifolds. The cover for the cylinder head contains a cooler for fuel charge and/or a turbocharger. The inlet of the turbocharger is directly connected to the opening for exhaust gases and the outlet pipe of the turbocharger for fuel charge is directly connected to the fuel charge admitting opening. The cooler can be installed in the outlet pipe of the turbocharger.

Abstract: A four-stroke internal combustion engine is designed so that combustion takes place in a central zone surrounded by an insulating layer of excess air. The air layer inhibits heat transfer thereby making it unnecessary to externally cool the portion of the cylinder below the area of the piston rings. A cylinder head for the engine has an annular cooling channel which is arranged to cool the portion of the cylinder above the uppermost piston ring. Since only a limited portion of the cylinder needs to be cooled via the cooling channel, the cooling requirements can be met by circulating oil through the channel. By appropriate control of the combustion process, a water-cooled or air-cooled engine can be converted to oil cooling using the cylinder head. When the cylinder head is used to convert a water-cooled engine, the cylinder head is designed to seal the water channels.

Abstract: In order to reduce soot emissions from diesel engines, the necessary mixing of air and gasified fuel must be completed prior to the main combustion. On the other hand, noise is reduced to a minimum by providing that the pressure increase per degree of crankshaft rotation during combustion is no greater than the maximum pressure increase during the compression stroke.

Abstract: The cylinder head of a diesel engine has two passages one of which admits air into the combustion chamber and the other of which evacuates combustion products from the cylinder chamber. The two passages are connected to each other by a channel which admits combustion products into the one passage when the air-admitting valve opens whereby the stream of combustion products sets the inflowing air into rotary motion or accelerates the rotating mass of air. This entails a reduction of emission of noxious fumes and promotes the combustion of fuel which is injected into the body of circulating air in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A diesel engine wherein the interior of the cylinder or cylinders, the piston or pistons, the crankshaft, the connecting rod or rods and the valves are lubricated and cooled by a first flow of lubricant which is circulated from and back to the sump by a first pump of a tandem pump. The second pump serves to circulate lubricant which serves to externally cool the cylinder or cylinders and the head as well as to heat the cabin or compartment in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A pump system for injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine has a main pump element which has a plunger for delivery of primary fuel from a first inlet into the chamber at the outlet end of an injection nozzle by way of a conduit including a pipe and a bore in the nozzle. The conduit can further receive one or more additional fuels from one or more additional pump elements which admit additional fuel or fuels at a pressure above the pressure in the conduit during intervals between deliveries of primary fuel but below the pressure which is required to open the nozzle for expulsion of fuel into the combustion chamber. One of the fuels can consist of or can contain a vegetable oil. The main pump element advances the additional fuel stepwise toward the outlet opening of the nozzle.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for spontaneous-combustion engines wherein a first reciprocable element regulates the quantity of injected fuel and a second reciprocable element regulates the timing of fuel injection. The elements are movable by discrete centrifugal governors on a shaft which is driven by the camshaft as a function of the RPM of the engine. The elements are further movable by additional moving devices in dependency on changes of other engine parameters. Such additional devices can include a turbo charger, a vacuum governor, a gas pedal and an arresting lever. The elements adjust the fuel injector pump or pumps of the engine.

Abstract: A diesel engine wherein the crown of the piston has a flat end face provided with a centrally located circular combustion chamber and with an annular recess which surrounds and communicates with the combustion chamber and receives the tip of the fuel injection nozzle when the piston completes its compression stroke. At such time, the nozzle is close to but is still of contact with the piston. The tappets of first and second valves, which are installed in the head of the cylinder and respectively serve to admit air into and to permit evacuation of combustion products from the combustion chamber, overlap the end face of the piston to such an extent that they cannot bend the shafts of the respective valves if and when engaged and shifted axially by the piston during movement of the latter toward the top center of its compression stroke.

Abstract: A composite piston for use in the cylinder of a diesel engine has coaxial first and second sections and a piston pin which articulately connects the sections to each other and to the piston pin bushing of the connecting rod. The first section has a round head and two piston pin bosses which are connected to the head by a hollow frustoconical portion of the first section. The bosses are reinforced by two walls each of which is integral with each boss. The walls are mirror symmetrical to each other with reference to a plane which includes the axes of the piston pin and of the composite piston. The inner sides of the walls are cooled by sprays or streams of a liquid coolant which flows through apertures provided in the walls close to the frustoconical connecting portion and serving to permit the coolant to thereupon flow along the outer sides of the respective walls.

Abstract: There is disclosed an internal combustion engine with reduced emission of sound, heat and harmful substances. The characteristics of an air-cooled engine are optimized as a result of withdrawal of heat by oil in uniform distribution along the entire peripheries of the cylinders. For this purpose, there was developed a lower piston portion which effects uniform distribution of cooling oil along the periphery. The external cooling is improved in that the entire periphery of each free-standing cylinder is provided with a recessed ring-shaped oil guide and in that the free-standing cylinders are located in a common chamber which is cooled by oil sprays. More pronounced uniformity of such cooling action along the entire periphery of each cylinder allows for the selection of a higher temperature level of the cylinders which is important for combustion of vegetable oils in lieu of mineral oil products.

Abstract: A plunger pump wherein the plunger is reciprocable in a barrel by a tappet which is coupled to the plunger by a pressure member. The tappet is reciprocable by a rotary cam in conjunction with a coil spring and is movable axially of the plunger by a first drive having a sleeve surrounding the barrel and having jaws in engagement with complementary jaws of the pressure member. Rotation of the pressure member in response to rotation of the sleeve entails axial movement of the tappet because the latter has threads in mesh with complementary threads of the pressure member whereby the tappet changes the length of forward and return strokes of the plunger. The latter has a control edge which can regulate the volume of outflowing liquid in response to rotation of the plunger on actuation of a second drive having a second rotary sleeve with jaws engaging complementary jaws of the plunger.

Abstract: A piston drive for use in diesel engines with a high specific liter output wherein the piston comprises discrete sealing and guiding sections and is constructed, configurated and assembled in such a way that the flow of power from the combustion zone takes place along straight paths directly from the crown to the connecting rod without causing any bending and/or other deformation of component parts of the drive. The piston drive allows for achievement of higher output, without increasing the stroke volume of the cylinder, by using relatively inexpensive piston sections and without reducing the E of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, especially Diesel engine, with cylinders arranged adjacent to each other in one cylinder block. Each of said cylinders is connected through conduits to an air intake system and an exhaust gas discharge system. The conduits of cylinders which follow each other in the working cycle of the engine are matched with each other as to length and cross section, and at least the conduits of the matched air intake system are connected to a common air container. At least the air container is combined with the motor block of the engine to form a unit, and is provided with connections for the air intake and exhaust gas outlet systems.

Abstract: A piston for reciprocating internal combustion engines, especially Diesel engines, is provided having a crown exposed to the heat of combustion gases, a guide member spaced from said crown, a shell connecting said crown and guide member, a ring carrier connected to the crown of said piston, sealing and oil control rings in said ring carrier, said ring carrier being connected to said crown by a constriction situated adjacent a straight line extending through the crown of the piston, said shell being formed at its end away from the crown with a base formed by two bifurcated legs, said legs being arranged symmetrically to a plane extending through the center of the piston and formed with eyes, a wrist pin in said eyes connecting said shell with said guide member, said shell being in the form of a truncated cone provided in its interior with a cavity constructed at least in one direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston.

Abstract: A cylinder head for internal combustion engines, especially Diesel engines, with at least one opening for a passage forming an inlet or outlet and leading to a combustion chamber. This opening which is adapted to be closed and opened by a valve is on that side thereof which faces in the direction toward the combustion chamber, provided with a valve seat ring fastened in the opening of the passage. Each valve seat ring is to its major extent conical with the basis of the cone pointing toward the combustion chamber while only that end of the valve seat ring which faces away from the combustion chamber is in a projecting manner fastened to the cylinder head.