Abstract: An energy-transmitting therapeutic device having a hollow elongated assembly with a flexible tip at its distal end in which the hollow elongated assembly includes energy-transmitting elements and directional control elements. The directional control elements control the flexible tip such that it can pass through a lumen having a curve with a minimum radius of 1 cm and the energy-transmitting elements can deliver energy at an electromagnetic frequency of 300 KHz to 300 GHz.

Abstract: An ablation system which transmits radio frequency (RF) energy for the ablation of biological tissues has a transmission line and an RF antenna disposed at the distal portion of the transmission line. An RF signal generator supplies RF energy to the proximal end of the cable for transmission to the antenna, and an electrically tunable transformer is connected between the signal generator and the antenna. The transformer is tuned based on detection of the reflected power level from the antenna so as to reduce or minimize reflected power, thereby increasing RF energy coupling between the antenna and tissue.

Abstract: An ablation device which transmits radio frequency (RF) energy for the ablation of biological tissues has elongate inner and outer coaxial conductors extending from a proximal portion to a distal portion. An RF antenna is disposed at the distal portion of the device and transmits RF energy for ablation of a tissue region to be treated. Reflection of energy from the tissue or the ablation point is reduced by providing multiple layers of dielectric media about the antenna, or by providing a gradual transition point from the conductors to the antenna tip, by means of a longitudinally stepped dielectric layer transformer.

Abstract: A coaxial cable apparatus which transmits radio frequency (RF) energy for the ablation of biological tissues has inner and outer coaxial conductors extending substantially the entire length of the cable from a proximal end portion to a distal end portion. An RF antenna is disposed at the distal end portion of the cable and transmits RF energy for ablation of a tissue region to be treated. An angioplasty balloon is disposed over the RF antenna and communicates with a fluid supply and extraction passageway extending through the cable to allow the balloon to be inflated for an angioplasty procedure including tissue ablation, and to be deflated after the procedure is complete.

Abstract: A hollow coaxial cable adapted for conduction of radio frequency (RF) energy, particularly microwave energy, has a proximal end and a distal end and comprises coaxial inner and outer conductors extending substantially the entire length of the cable from the proximal end to a distal end portion of the cable with a dielectric medium disposed between the inner and outer conductors. The inner conductor comprises an elongated electrically conductive tubular member having a hollow, axially extending lumen, and the outer conductor comprises an elongated electrically conductive tubular member disposed in a substantially coaxial relationship over at least a portion of the inner conductor. An ablating member which delivers radio frequency energy, particularly microwave energy, to body tissue is disposed at a distal end portion of the cable.

Abstract: An ablation device which transmits radio frequency (RF) energy for the ablation of biological tissues has elongate inner and outer coaxial conductors extending from a proximal portion to a distal portion. An RF antenna is disposed at the distal portion of the device and transmits RF energy for ablation of a tissue region to be treated. Reflection of energy from the tissue or the ablation point is reduced by providing multiple layers of dielectric media about the antenna, or by providing a gradual transition point from the conductors to the antenna tip, by means of a longitudinally stepped dielectric layer transformer.

Abstract: An ablation system which transmits radio frequency (RF) energy for the ablation of biological tissues has a transmission line and an RF antenna disposed at the distal portion of the transmission line. An RF signal generator supplies RF energy to the proximal end of the cable for transmission to the antenna, and an electrically tunable transformer is connected between the signal generator and the antenna. The transformer is tuned based on detection of the reflected power level from the antenna so as to reduce or minimize reflected power, thereby increasing RF energy coupling between the antenna and tissue.

Abstract: A coaxial cable apparatus which transmits radio frequency (RF) energy for the ablation of biological tissues has inner and outer coaxial conductors extending substantially the entire length of the cable from a proximal end portion to a distal end portion. An RF antenna is disposed at the distal end portion of the cable and transmits RF energy for ablation of a tissue region to be treated. An angioplasty balloon is disposed over the RF antenna and communicates with a fluid supply and extraction passageway extending through the cable to allow the balloon to be inflated for an angioplasty procedure including tissue ablation, and to be deflated after the procedure is complete.

Abstract: A radio-frequency based catheter system and method for ablating biological tissues within the body vessel of a patient comprises a radio-frequency (“RF”) generator for selectively generating a high frequency RF energy signal in a deployable catheter having an RF transmission line, an RF antenna mounted on the distal portion of the catheter, and a temperature sensor also mounted on a distal portion of the catheter for detecting temperature adjacent an ablation site. A control system adjusts the RF energy signal so that the detected temperature is at or close to a selected temperature setting or within a selected temperature range.

Abstract: This invention contemplates improved methods of enzymatic production of carbohydrates especially fucosylated carbohydrates. Improved syntheses of glycosyl 1- or 2-phosphates using both chemical and enzymatic means are also contemplated. The phosphorylated glycosides are then used to produce sugar nucleotides that are in turn used as donor sugars for glycosylation of acceptor carbohydrates. Especially preferred herein is the use of a disclosed method for fucosylation.

Abstract: Aureobacterium barkerei strain KDO-37-2 (ATCC 49977) and KDO aldolase (EC 4.1.2.23) isolated therefrom are disclosed. The KDO aldolase is further disclosed to have a broad substrate specificity with respect to its reverse reaction, i.e. the condensation of aldoses with pyruvate to form a wide range of 2-keto-3-deoxy-onic acids, including 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-heptulosonic acid, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-hexulosonic acid. In particular, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (D-KDO), a vital component of lipopolysaccharides found in the bacterial outer membrane may be synthesized from D-arabinose and pyruvate in 67% yield. Additionally, protected forms of the KDO aldolase products, e.g. hexaacetyl 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid and pentaacetyl 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid, may be decarboxylated to form the corresponding 2-deoxy-aldoses, e.g. 2-deoxy-octulose and 2-deoxy-heptulose respectively.

Abstract: This invention contemplates improved methods of enzymatic production of carbohydrates especially fucosylated carbohydrates. Improved syntheses of glycosyl 1- or 2-phosphates using both chemical and enzymatic means are also contemplated. The phosphorylated glycosides are then used to produce sugar nucleotides that are in turn used as donor sugars for glycosylation of acceptor carbohydrates. Especially preferred herein is the use of a disclosed method for fucosylation.

Abstract: This invention contemplates improved methods of enzymatic production of carbohydrates especially fucosylated carbohydrates. Improved syntheses of glycosyl 1- or 2-phosphates using both chemical and enzymatic means are also contemplated. The phosphorylated glycosides are then used to produce sugar nucleotides that are in turn used as donor sugars for glycosylation of acceptor carbohydrates. Especially preferred herein is the use of a disclosed method for fucosylation.

Abstract: Oligosaccharide compounds that are substrates and inhibitors of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase enzymes and compositions containing such compounds are disclosed. A method of glycosylation is also disclosed. An E. coli transformed with phagemid CMPSIL-1, which phagemid comprises a gene for a modified CMP-sialic acid synthetase enzyme, which transformed E. coli has the ATCC accession No. 68531 is also provided.

Abstract: A process for the enzymatic synthase of sulfate esters is disclosed in which intermediate phosphorylated adenosine compounds are recycled to minimize enzyme inhibition. Exemplary enzymes include ATP sulfurylase, APS kinase and a sulfotransferase.

Abstract: Aureobacterium barkeri strain KDO-37-2 (ATCC 49977) and KDO aldolase (EC 4.1.2.23) isolated therefrom are disclosed. The KDO aldolase is further disclosed to have a broad substrate specificity with respect to its reverse reaction, i.e. the condensation of aldoses with pyruvate to form a wide range of 2-keto-3-deoxy-onic acids, including 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-heptulosonic acid, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-hexulosonic acid. In particular, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (D-KDO), a vital component of lipopolysaccharides found in the bacterial outer membrane may be synthesized from D-arabinose and pyruvate in 67% yield. Additionally, protected forms of the KDO aldolase products, e.g. hexaacetyl 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid and pentaacetyl 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid, may be decarboxylated to form the corresponding 2-deoxy-aldoses, e.g. 2-deoxy-octulose and 2-deoxy-heptulose respectively.

Abstract: Oligosaccharide compounds that are substrates and inhibitors of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase enzymes and compositions containing such compounds are disclosed. A method of glycosylation is also disclosed. An E. coli transformed with phagemid CMPSIL-1, which phagemid comprises a gene for a modified CMP-sialic acid synthetase enzyme, which transformed E. coli has the ATCC accession No. 68531 is also provided.

Abstract: Oligosacaharide compounds that are substrates and inhibitors of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase enzymes and compositions containing such compounds are disclosed. A method of glycosylation is also disclosed. An E. coli transformed with phagemid CMPSIL-1, which phagemid comprises a gene for a modified CMP-sialic acid synthetase enzyme, which transformed E. coli has the ATCC accession No. 68531 is also provided.

Abstract: Aureobacterium barkerei strain KDO-37-2 (ATCC 49977) and KDO aldolase (EC 4.1.2.23) isolated therefrom are disclosed. The KDO aldolase is further disclosed to have a broad substrate specificity with respect to its reverse reaction, i.e. the condensation of aldoses with pyruvate to form a wide range of 2-keto-3-deoxy-onic acids, including 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-heptulosonic acid, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-hexulosonic acid. In particular, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (D-KDO), a vital component of lipopolysaccharides found in the bacterial outer membrane may be synthesized from D-arabinose and pyruvate in 67% yield.

Abstract: Oligosaccharide compounds that are substrates and inhibitors of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase enzymes and compositions containing such compounds are disclosed. A method of glycosylation is also disclosed. An E. coli transformed with phagemid CMPSIL-1, which phagemid comprises a gene for a modified CMP-sialic acid synthetase enzyme, which transformed E. coli has the ATCC accession No. 68531 is also provided.