Abstract: The present disclosure relates to apparatus, systems, and methods of use for producing beverages. The apparatus includes components and methods for facilitating beverage production applying water or other liquid in combination with a brewing substance and controlled aeration and pressurization of a mixing vessel or column. The aeration of the water and brewing substance can be accomplished with a vacuum system, a positive pressurization system, and a combination of such systems. The apparatus, systems, and methods can be used with a variety of beverage making devices such as a device which might be used to controllably produce volumes of beverage to a reservoir. The methods include controllable aeration and pressurization of the vessel for brewing which may include controlling extraction time, steep time, active controllable agitation of the brewing substance, as well as other brewing characteristics, features, and actions.

Abstract: A system for holding items includes a base tier including two or more totes and one or more higher tiers stacked on the base tier. Each of the higher tiers includes one or more totes stacked on a tote of a lower tier. Totes in of the tiers are laterally cross coupled to one another. The totes include lateral openings that allow removal of items through the lateral opening while the totes are stacked in place.

Abstract: A packet and label combination structure for use with a beverage container that houses packets of beverage enhancing formulations on the outer surface of the label which can be placed around the body of a bottle or container of water or other liquid and transported with ease. The packets containing the beverage enhancing formulations have perforated edges linking each other allowing for easy removal of the packets from the underlying label to pour the contents of the packet into a beverage container holding water or other liquid. A significant advantage of the packet and label combination feature is that the beverage enhancing formulations are available at one's fingertips when needed to infuse water or other liquid in the bottle or container rather than carrying the packets separately along with the bottle or container.

Abstract: A method of operating a wireless access point having a configurable antenna system includes determining a transmission signal quality metric for a first station with the configurable antenna system in a first configuration, determining a transmission signal quality metric for a second station with the configurable antenna system in the first configuration, determining a transmission signal quality metric for a first station with the configurable antenna system in a second configuration, determining a transmission signal quality metric for a second station with the configurable antenna system in the second configuration, determining a viable set of antenna configurations for which the signal quality metric of each of the stations meets a minimum criteria and configuring the configurable antenna system to a configuration in the viable set when the wireless access point is not transmitting.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for robotic induction in materials handling facilities with batch singulation inventory areas are disclosed. A control system directs the one or more robotic devices to transport a particular portable storage unit of a plurality of portable storage units to and from a particular induction station of one or more induction stations. The control system directs induction of one or more single units of items from one or more locations of the portable storage unit, while the particular portable storage unit is located at an induction station, into the conveyance mechanism at the particular induction station. The control system directs picks of batches of heterogeneous items from a separate inventory storage area. The control system directs induction of single units of items from the batches of heterogeneous items picked from the separate inventory storage area into the conveyance mechanism at a batch singulation station.

Abstract: A memory cell is provided that includes a reversible resistance-switching element above a substrate. The reversible resistance-switching element includes an etched material layer that includes an oxidized layer of the etched material layer above a non-oxidized layer of the etched material layer. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a memory cell is provided that includes forming a steering element above a substrate, forming a material layer on the substrate, patterning and etching the material layer, and oxidizing the patterned and etched material layer to form a reversible resistance-switching material. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder and liner. The cylinder includes a mid-stop formed in a side wall of the cylinder. The mid-stop includes a first contact surface and an undercut between the first contact surface and the side wall. The liner is positioned within the cylinder and includes a seat having a second contact surface. The second contact surface is supported on the first contact surface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for robotic induction in materials handling facilities with batch singulation inventory areas are disclosed. A control system directs the one or more robotic devices to transport a particular portable storage unit of a plurality of portable storage units to and from a particular induction station of one or more induction stations. The control system directs induction of one or more single units of items from one or more locations of the portable storage unit, while the particular portable storage unit is located at an induction station, into the conveyance mechanism at the particular induction station. The control system directs picks of batches of heterogeneous items from a separate inventory storage area. The control system directs induction of single units of items from the batches of heterogeneous items picked from the separate inventory storage area into the conveyance mechanism at a batch singulation station.

Abstract: A system as disclosed herein uses a cold or unheated water source such as a reservoir or a pressurized inlet feed line, and a heated water reservoir. The unheated water reservoir is pressurized with a pressurizing apparatus communicating with the unheated water reservoir. Such a pressurizing apparatus may include an air pump, bladder or piston arrangement as well as other pressurizing apparatus. The pressurizing apparatus is controllable to push water from the unheated water reservoir to the heated water reservoir. As a result of the pressurization and displacement of the unheated water, heated water is then displaced and forced from the heated water reservoir. Heated water from the heated water reservoir is dispensed to the spray head and over the beverage brewing substance such as coffee for brewing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for robotic induction in materials handling facilities with multiple inventory areas are disclosed. A control system directs one of one or more robotic devices to transport a particular portable storage unit of a plurality of portable storage units from a stock storage area to a particular induction and stowage station of one or more induction and stowage stations. The control system directs induction of one or more single units of items from one or more locations of the particular portable storage unit, while the particular portable storage unit is located at the induction and stowage station, into the conveyance mechanism. The control system directs stowage of received stock comprising one or more types of items to one or more indicated locations of the particular portable storage unit while the particular portable storage unit is located at the particular induction and stowage station.

Abstract: An impact deflection and absorption structure for a vehicle having a vehicle body that includes a passenger compartment and an under-hood compartment. The impact deflection and absorption structure includes a frame having a frame rail configured to support the vehicle body. The impact deflection and absorption structure also includes a bumper assembly secured to the frame rail. The bumper assembly includes an impact beam arranged substantially transverse to the frame rail and a lateral member secured to the impact beam. The lateral member projects away from the impact beam and is configured to counteract impact energy that is directed substantially parallel to the frame rail into the frame rail and away from the under-hood compartment and the passenger compartment. A vehicle employing the impact deflection and absorption structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for robotic induction in materials handling facilities. Singulation and induction of items is performed at one or more induction stations in one or more inventory areas. Each inventory area includes a stock storage area containing storage units, each storage unit including locations for stowing inventory. Mobile robotic devices deliver particular storage units from the stock storage area to particular induction stations. At the induction stations, inductors remove single units of items from locations on the storage units (singulation) and induct the units of items into a conveyance mechanism (induction). The singulated and inducted units of items are conveyed to downstream processing station(s). The operations of the robotic devices, induction stations, conveyance mechanism, and downstream processing may be controlled and/or directed by a control system.

Abstract: Carbonated dairy nutrient beverage solutions that supply essential nutrients in the human diet. The solutions may contain per 8 oz., calcium, magnesium and potassium ions in the form of salts, vitamins A Palmitate, D3, C, and optionally lutein, zeaxanthin and folic acid in specified amounts to provide dietary supplementation. Sweeteners, stabilizers and flavors can also be added to enhance flavor, sensory appeal, mouth-feel, ingredient solubilization and product appearance. A method of making the beverages is also described. A method of using Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen and Argon gases to reduce sodium content, bacterial counts and reduce degradation of essential nutrients in dairy beverages with or without Pasteurization is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of forming a memory cell is provided that includes forming a steering element above a substrate, forming a material layer on the substrate, patterning and etching the material layer, and oxidizing the patterned and etched material layer to form a reversible resistance-switching material. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for robotic induction in materials handling facilities with multiple inventory areas are disclosed. Each inventory area includes multiple portable storage units with one or more locations for stowing one or more types of items. Mobile robotic devices transport the portable storage units within a respective inventory area to one or more induction stations located within the respective inventory area. A control system directs the one or more robotic devices to transport the one or more portable storage units to and from the one or more induction stations of the respective inventory area. The induction stations are located near a conveyance mechanism. The control system also directs induction of one or more single units of items from one or more locations of a storage unit currently at an induction station of the respective inventory area into the conveyance mechanism at the respective induction station.

Abstract: Dairy or non-diary based fortified carbonated beverage solutions that supply essential nutrients in the human diet. The solution contains per 354 ml, calcium, magnesium and potassium ions in the form of salts, Anthrocyanins, Amelanchia alnifolia Liquid Extract and optionally vitamins A, D, C, lutein, zeaxanthin and folic acid in specified amounts to provide dietary supplementation. Sweeteners, stabilizers, flavors and carbonation can also be added to enhance flavor, taste, mouth-feel, ingredient solubilization and product appearance. A method of making the beverages is also described. A method of using carbonation to reduce bacterial counts and reduce degradation of essential nutrients in milk-based beverages with or without pasteurization is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cartridge retaining device is disclosed for use with a beverage brewing apparatus. The device includes a base with a cover. A beverage making cartridge is placed within the base and the cover is positioned over the cartridge. Engagement of the cover over the cartridge in the base causes at least two probes, one above carried on the cover and one below generally carried on or proximate to the base to penetrate or otherwise open the cartridge. The device is structured to operate so that the cover probe penetrates the cartridge before the base probe opens a corresponding portion of the cartridge. The device is adapted for separate engagement with a brewer whereby heated water is dispensed from the brewer into the device for brewing a beverage retained within the cartridge and dispensing the brewed beverage from a lower section of the body of the device.

Abstract: A brewing system uses a pressurizing apparatus for providing pressure to the system to controllably dispense heated water from the system for brewing. A method of brewing in which a pressurizing apparatus is associated with a water source, controllably pressurizing the water source, controllably dispensing by way of the pressurizing apparatus, water from the water source to use in a brewing process.

Abstract: A flexible, non-linear, unit-level sortation system for sorting mixed collections of items into orders. Collections of unsorted items for fulfilling requests are delivered to one or more singulation stations. At a singulation station, individual units of items are selected from a collection, associated with particular conveyance receptacles, and placed into the receptacles, with one and only one unit per receptacle. The receptacles may be inducted into a conveyance mechanism under the direction of a control system. The receptacles are not fixed to the conveyance mechanism. The control system may direct the conveyance mechanism to route the receptacles to a particular one of one or more sorting stations. At a sorting station, the units may retrieved from receptacles and placed into locations corresponding to particular orders under control or direction of the control system. The conveyance mechanism may, but does not necessarily, return empty conveyance receptacle to a singulation station.