Abstract: Method, apparatus, and computer recordable medium disclosed herein comprises, receiving a data used for database construction from a user, calculating a time-contribution by inputting time series information regarding order of received data from the user into a function having a higher contribution as the order of receiving time series information is earlier, calculating a data-contribution based on qualitative information or quantitative information included in the data, calculating a construction-contribution that the user contributed to construct database by reflecting the time-contribution to the data-contribution, and applying the construction-contribution to the user's identification information.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to image sensors and electronic apparatuses including the same. An image sensor including: a pixel area including shared pixels, wherein each of the shared pixels includes at least two photodiodes that form a group and share a floating diffusion (FD) area; and a transistor (TR) area adjacent to the pixel area, wherein the TR area includes transistor sets corresponding to the shared pixels, wherein, when a first shared pixel and a second shared pixel are arranged adjacent to each other in a first direction, a first TR set corresponding to the first shared pixel and a second TR set corresponding to the second shared pixel share a source region of a first selection TR.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a low power driving system and timing controller for a display apparatus. The low power driving system may include: a timing controller configured to divide a display pattern into a static pattern and a dynamic pattern based on a difference between previous line data and current line data, and transmit a packet into which one of first option information corresponding to the static pattern and second option information corresponding to the dynamic pattern is applied; and a source driver configured to receive the packet, and perform a low power mode corresponding to the static pattern according to the first option information or perform adaptive charge sharing corresponding to the dynamic pattern according to the second option information.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to image sensors and electronic apparatuses including the same. An image sensor including: a pixel area including shared pixels, wherein each of the shared pixels includes at least two photodiodes that form a group and share a floating diffusion (FD) area; and a transistor (TR) area adjacent to the pixel area, wherein the TR area includes transistor sets corresponding to the shared pixels, wherein, when a first shared pixel and a second shared pixel are arranged adjacent to each other in a first direction, a first TR set corresponding to the first shared pixel and a second TR set corresponding to the second shared pixel share a source region of a first selection TR.

Abstract: Disclosed are a source driver capable of achieving high speed and high resolution and a display driving circuit including the same. The source driver may include: a first channel group and a second channel group configured to output source driving signals; a first gradation voltage divider configured to generate first gradation voltages using gamma reference voltages and provide the first gradation voltages to the first channel group; and a second gradation voltage divider configured to generate second gradation voltages having the same level as the first gradation voltages using the gamma reference voltages, and provide the second gradation voltages to the second channel group. The first and second gradation voltage dividers are connected to a gamma reference voltage generator configured to provide the gamma reference voltages, and receive the gamma reference voltages having the same voltage range from the gamma reference voltage generator.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to image sensors and electronic apparatuses including the same. An image sensor including: a pixel area including shared pixels, wherein each of the shared pixels includes at least two photodiodes that form a group and share a floating diffusion (FD) area; and a transistor (TR) area adjacent to the pixel area, wherein the TR area includes transistor sets corresponding to the shared pixels, wherein, when a first shared pixel and a second shared pixel are arranged adjacent to each other in a first direction, a first TR set corresponding to the first shared pixel and a second TR set corresponding to the second shared pixel share a source region of a first selection TR.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-negative differential resistance device. The multi-negative differential resistance device includes a first negative differential resistance device and a second negative differential resistance device connected in parallel with the first negative differential resistance device, and a peak and a valley of the first negative differential resistance device and a peak and a valley of the second negative differential resistance device are synthesized, and, thus, the multi-negative differential resistance device has two peaks and two valleys.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a low power driving system and timing controller for a display apparatus. The low power driving system may include: a timing controller configured to divide a display pattern into a static pattern and a dynamic pattern based on a difference between previous line data and current line data, and transmit a packet into which one of first option information corresponding to the static pattern and second option information corresponding to the dynamic pattern is applied; and a source driver configured to receive the packet, and perform a low power mode corresponding to the static pattern according to the first option information or perform adaptive charge sharing corresponding to the dynamic pattern according to the second option information.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-negative differential resistance device. The multi-negative differential resistance device includes a first negative differential resistance device and a second negative differential resistance device connected in parallel with the first negative differential resistance device, and a peak and a valley of the first negative differential resistance device and a peak and a valley of the second negative differential resistance device are synthesized, and, thus, the multi-negative differential resistance device has two peaks and two valleys.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to image sensors and electronic apparatuses including the same. An image sensor including: a pixel area including shared pixels, wherein each of the shared pixels includes at least two photodiodes that form a group and share a floating diffusion (FD) area; and a transistor (TR) area adjacent to the pixel area, wherein the TR area includes transistor sets corresponding to the shared pixels, wherein, when a first shared pixel and a second shared pixel are arranged adjacent to each other in a first direction, a first TR set corresponding to the first shared pixel and a second TR set corresponding to the second shared pixel share a source region of a first selection TR.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique for outputting threshold voltages by properly changing the threshold voltages such that the threshold voltages can protect low-voltage driving elements within an analog to digital converter when the threshold voltages of an OLED display panel are sensed and outputted to the analog to digital converter. The present invention comprises: a sampling capacitor which samples threshold voltages sensed and inputted from an organic light-emitting diode on a display panel; a charge-sharing capacitor which charges and shares the threshold voltages sampled from the sampling capacitor, or solely charges the threshold voltages to bypass the threshold voltages; and a sample-and-hold unit which has a plurality of switches for performing switching operations for the sampling operation of the sampling capacitor and the charging and the sharing of the charge-sharing capacitor, and scales the threshold voltages to threshold voltage areas having a certain value or less.

Abstract: Provided is a display driving circuit capable of achieving high speed and high resolution by improving an output slew rate. The display driving circuit may include: a gradation voltage generation unit including a plurality of resistor strings corresponding to a plurality of groups into which channels corresponding to display data are grouped, the plurality of resistor strings being configured to provide gradation voltages to digital-analog converters (DACs) corresponding to the respective channels of the corresponding groups; and a display driving unit including the DACs and buffers corresponding to the respective channels, wherein the DACs convert the corresponding display data into data voltages using the gradation voltages, and the buffers provide the corresponding data voltages as source driving signals to a display panel.

Abstract: A source driver integrated circuit comprises a common node; a plurality of pads for inputting power, a portion of which are connected to an external power source and the remainder of which are connected to the portion through the common node; and a common power line which is connected to the plurality of power input pads through the common node. As a result, the resolution of adjacent channels varies very little and block dimming between channels can be resolved.

Abstract: An electronic shelf label tag includes a storage unit storing a power level mapping table including predetermined power levels, a control unit measuring a first voltage of a battery provided in the electronic shelf label tag after being woken-up from a sleep mode, measuring a second voltage of the battery after receiving data from an electronic shelf label gateway, and generating power level information using the power level mapping table which is pre-stored in the storage unit, based on the first voltage and the second voltage, and a communications unit transmitting a packet including the power level information to the electronic shelf label gateway.

Abstract: Provided are antibodies specifically binding to the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) which are effective for the prevention or treatment of hepatitis B.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an output voltage stabilization circuit. Specifically, the present invention relates to an output voltage stabilization circuit of a display device driving circuit, which generates a reference current dependent on a high source voltage using a current source independent of a magnitude of the high source voltage, generates a reference current dependent on a low source voltage using a current source independent of a magnitude of the low source voltage, and then generates a control signal by comparing the magnitudes to each other, whereby the output voltage stabilization circuit may stabilize an output voltage regardless of an order in which the low source voltage and the high source voltage are turned off in a circuit using both the low source voltage and the high source voltage.

Abstract: A source driver integrated circuit comprises a common node; a plurality of pads for inputting power, a portion of which are connected to an external power source and the remainder of which are connected to the portion through the common node; and a common power line which is connected to the plurality of power input pads through the common node. As a result, the resolution of adjacent channels varies very little and block dimming between channels can be resolved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal panel driving circuit of display stabilization, including: a plurality of output buffers buffering data voltage and supplying or cutting off the buffered data voltage to or from each of the plurality of data lines; an output MUX switch receiving outputs from two adjacent output buffers of the plurality of output buffers and transferring one of the two outputs to the plurality of data lines; a garbage switch connecting each of the plurality of data lines to a ground terminal; and a power on sensor or a power off sensor generating a power on or off reset signal in response to a turn on/off of a power supply voltage, wherein the output MUX switch is turned-off and the charge share switch and the garbage switch are turned-on, in response to the power on reset signal or the power off reset signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique for outputting threshold voltages by properly changing the threshold voltages such that the threshold voltages can protect low-voltage driving elements within an analog to digital converter when the threshold voltages of an OLED display panel are sensed and outputted to the analog to digital converter. The present invention comprises: a sampling capacitor which samples threshold voltages sensed and inputted from an organic light-emitting diode on a display panel; a charge-sharing capacitor which charges and shares the threshold voltages sampled from the sampling capacitor, or solely charges the threshold voltages to bypass the threshold voltages; and a sample-and-hold unit which has a plurality of switches for performing switching operations for the sampling operation of the sampling capacitor and the charging and the sharing of the charge-sharing capacitor, and scales the threshold voltages to threshold voltage areas having a certain value or less.

Abstract: Provided are antibodies specifically binding to the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) which are effective for the prevention or treatment of hepatitis B.