Abstract: Materials and methods for improving immunotherapy are provided herein. In some cases, the materials and methods can be used in the treatment of cancers.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating potentially chemoresistant tumors (e.g., using DNA-PKcs inhibitors and anti-B7-H1 antibodies) are provided herein.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating potentially chemoresistant tumors (e.g., using DNA-PKcs inhibitors and anti-B7-H1 antibodies) are provided herein.

Abstract: Materials and methods for inhibiting sPD-L1 production to prevent downregulation of the immune system and enhance the use of inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction are provided herein. The materials and methods can be used in the treatment of cancer, for example.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating cancer, including materials and methods for treating cancer in patients identified as having elevated levels of Bim.

Abstract: Materials and methods for identifying and treating cancer patients who are likely to respond to chemo-immunotherapy (CIT) and other cancer treatments are provided herein, including materials and methods for using CX3CR1 to identify PD-1 therapy-responsive CD8+ T cells that withstand the toxicity of chemotherapy during combined CIT.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for detecting B7-H1 polypeptides (e.g., soluble B7-H1 polypeptides). For example, antibodies (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) that bind to a B7-H1 polypeptide (e.g., a soluble B7-H1 polypeptide) are provided.

Abstract: Methods for modulating the release and content of extracellular vesicles from target cells using electrical stimulation are provided. Compositions comprising extracellular vesicles or extracts of extracellular vesicles and methods of administering the compositions to a subject are also provided.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials for treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for inhibiting the function of an intracellular domain of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to sensitize cancer cells in a mammal (e.g., a human) to one or more cancer treatments (e.g., radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy) are provided. Also provided are methods and materials for identifying compounds that inhibit the function of an intracellular PD-L1 domain.

Abstract: This document features methods of evaluating mammals by assessing expression of B7-H1 in a body fluid.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for detecting B7-H1 polypeptides (e.g., soluble B7-H1 polypeptides). For example, antibodies (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) that bind to a B7-H1 polypeptide (e.g., a soluble B7-H1 polypeptide) are provided.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating potentially chemoresistant tumors (e.g., using DNA-PKcs inhibitors and anti-B7-H1 antibodies) are provided herein.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating potentially chemoresistant tumors (e.g., using DNA-PKcs inhibitors and anti-B7-H1 antibodies) are provided herein.

Abstract: Materials and methods for distinguishing agonistic anti-B7-H1 antibodies from antagonistic anti-B7-H1 antibodies, and for treating subjects diagnosed with clinical conditions such as cancer, pathogenic infection, or autoimmune disease.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating cancer, including materials and methods for treating cancer in patients identified as having elevated levels of Bim.

Abstract: Materials and methods for distinguishing agonistic anti-B7-H1 antibodies from antagonistic anti-B7-H1 antibodies, and for treating subjects diagnosed with clinical conditions such as cancer, pathogenic infection, or autoimmune disease.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating cancer especially in patients identified as having elevated levels of Bim are disclosed. Specifically, the disclosure provides a method for treating a mammal having cancer, the method comprises: (a) identifying said mammal as containing an elevated level of Bim, and (b) administering to said mammal an anti-B7-H1 antibody, an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-CD80 antibody, or a fusion protein comprising a portion of PD1 or a portion of CD80, under conditions wherein the interaction of naturally occurring B7-H1 with PD-1 or CD80 in said mammal is reduced after said administering.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for identifying a mammal as having an elevated level of PD-1+/CD11ahigh CD8 T cells having the potential to exert anti-cancer effects are provided. In addition, methods and materials for identifying a mammal as having an elevated level of PD-1+/CD11ahigh CD8 T cells and administering a PD-1 inhibitor to such a mammal are provided.

Abstract: This document features methods of evaluating mammals by assessing expression of B7-H1 in a body fluid.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating potentially chemoresistant tumors (e.g., using DNA-PKcs inhibitors and anti-B7-H1 antibodies) are provided herein.