Abstract: A battery having a plurality of electrodes immersed in a water-in-salt electrolytic solution is disclosed. The water-in-salt electrolytic solution includes a sufficient amount of a lithium salt disposed in an aqueous solvent, at least 14 moles of lithium salt per kg of aqueous solvent, such that a dissociated lithium ion is solvated by less than 4 water molecules. The plurality of electrodes includes a first type electrode, a second type electrode, and a third type electrode selectively assembled in a predetermined order of arrangement into an electrode stack assembly. The first type electrode includes an activated carbon, the second type electrodes include one of a lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), and the third type electrodes include the other of the LMO and TiO2. The first type electrode may be that of a cathode and/or anode.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a softened solid-state electrolyte, comprises an oxide-based solid-state electrolyte, where at least a portion of the oxide anions in the oxide-based solid-state electrolyte is replaced with a replacement anion. In another embodiment, a softened solid-state electrolyte comprises a sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte, wherein at least a portion of the sulfide anions in the sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte is replaced with the replacement anion. When the replacement anion replaces the oxide anion, the replacement anion has a larger atomic radius than the oxide anion and when the replacement anion replaces the sulfide anion, the replacement anion has a larger atomic radius than the sulfide anion.

Abstract: An electrochemical device according to various aspects of the present disclosure includes an electrochemical cell and an inductor coil. The electrochemical cell includes a current collector. the current collector includes an electrically-conductive material. The inductor coil is configured to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field is configured to induce an eddy current in the current collector to generate heat in the current collector. In various aspects, the present disclosure also provides a method of internally heating an electrochemical cell. In various aspects, the present disclosure also provides a method of controlling heating of an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to capacitor-assisted lithium-sulfur batteries including capacitor electrodes and/or capacitor-based interlayers. For example, a capacitor-assisted lithium-sulfur battery that includes two or more cells is provided. Each cell includes at least two electrodes selected from: a first electrode including a sulfur-containing electroactive material; a second electrode including a negative electroactive material; a first capacitor electrode including a positive capacitor active material; and a second capacitor electrode including a negative capacitor active material. Each electrode may be disposed adjacent to a surface of a current collector and a separator may be disposed between adjacent electrodes so as to provide electrical separation. One of the two or more cells includes the first electrode and the second electrode, and no cell includes both the first electrode and the first capacitor electrode or both the second electrode and the second capacitor electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical cell having an elastic binding polymer that improves long-term performance of the electrochemical cell, particularly when the electrochemical cell includes an electroactive material that undergoes volumetric expansion and contraction during cycling of the electrochemical cell (such as, silicon-containing electroactive materials). The electrochemical cell can include the elastic binding polymer as an electrode additive and/or a coating layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of an electrode that includes an electroactive material that undergoes volumetric expansion and contraction and/or a gel layer disposed adjacent to an electrode that includes an electroactive material that undergoes volumetric expansion and contraction. The elastic binding polymer may include one or more alginates or alginate derivatives and at least one crosslinker.

Abstract: A method for forming a bipolar solid-state battery includes preparing a mixture of gel precursor solution and solid electrolyte. The gel precursor includes a polymer, a first solvent, and a liquid electrolyte. The liquid electrolyte includes a second solvent, a lithium salt, and electrolyte additive. The method includes loading the mixture onto at least one of a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. Each of the first, second, and third electrodes includes a plurality of solid-state electroactive particles. The method includes removing at least a portion of the first solvent from the mixture to form a gel and positioning one of the first, second, and third electrodes with respect to another of the first, second, and third electrodes. The method includes applying a polymer blocker to a border of the first, second, or third electrodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solid-state electrochemical cell having a uniformly distributed solid-state electrolyte and methods of fabrication relating thereto. The method may include forming a plurality of apertures within the one or more solid-state electrodes; impregnating the one or more solid-state electrodes with a solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to fill the plurality of apertures and any other void or pores within the one or more electrodes with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution; and heating the one or more electrodes so as to solidify the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution and to form the distributed solid-state electrolyte.

Abstract: An asymmetric hybrid electrode for a capacitor-assisted battery includes a current and first and second electroactive portions. The first electroactive portion is on a first surface of the current collector. The first electroactive portion includes a first battery layer. The first battery layer includes a first battery electroactive material and a first binder. The second electroactive portion is on a second surface of the current collector opposite the first surface. The second electroactive portion includes a second battery layer and a capacitive layer. The second battery layer includes a second battery electroactive material and a second binder. The capacitive layer includes a capacitive electroactive material and a third binder. The first and second electroactive portions are asymmetric. The first and second battery electroactive materials are both positive electroactive materials or both negative electroactive materials. The asymmetric hybrid electrode has a capacitor hybridization ratio of 0.01-1%.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to high capacity (e.g., areal capacity greater than about 4 mAh/cm2 to less than or equal to about 50 mAh/cm2) electrodes for electrochemical cells. An example electrode may include a current collector (e.g., meshed current collector) and one or more electroactive material layers having thicknesses greater than about 150 ?m to less than or equal to about 5 mm. The electroactive material layers may each include lithium manganese iron phosphate (LiMnxFe1-xPO4, where 0?x?1) (LMFP). The electrode may further include one or more electronically conductive adhesive layers disposed between the current collector and the electroactive material layers. The adhesive layers may include one or more polymer components and one or more conductive fillers. The electroactive material layers may be gradient layers, where sublayers closer to the current collector has a lower porosity than layers further from the current collector.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode for an electrochemical cell includes providing an admixture including an electroactive material, a binder, and a solvent. The method further includes rolling the admixture to form a sheet and forming a multi-layer stack from the sheet. The method further includes forming an electrode film precursor by performing a plurality of sequential rollings, each including rolling the stack through a first gap. The plurality of sequential rollings includes first and second rollings. In the first rolling, the stack is in a first orientation. In the second rolling, the stack is in a second orientation different from the first orientation. The method further includes forming an electrode film by rolling the electrode film precursor through a second gap less than or equal to the first gap. The method further includes drying the electrode film to remove at least a portion of the solvent.

Abstract: A negative electrode and an electrochemical cell are provided herein. The negative electrode and the electrochemical cell include a protective coating for preventing and inhibiting growth of lithium dendrite on the negative electrode and growth into a separator. The protective coating includes a first layer and second layer. The first layer includes a first polymeric binder and an optional insulating material. The second layer includes a dendrite consuming material and a second polymeric binder.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a solid-state bipolar battery that includes negative and positive electrodes having thicknesses between about 100 ?m and about 3000 ?m, and a solid-state electrolyte layer disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode and having a thickness between about 5 ?m and about 100 ?m. The first electrode includes a plurality of negative solid-state electroactive particles embedded on or disposed within a first porous material. The second electrode includes plurality of positive solid-state electroactive particles embedded on or disposed within a second porous material that is the same or different from the first porous material. The solid-state bipolar battery includes a first current collector foil disposed on the first porous material, and a second current collector foil disposed on the second porous material. The first and second current collector foils may each have a thickness less than or equal to about 10 ?m.

Abstract: A battery and supercapacitor system of a vehicle includes a lithium ion battery (LIB) having first and second electrodes, and a supercapacitor having third and fourth electrodes. A first reference electrode is disposed between the first and second electrodes and is configured to measure a first potential at a location between the first and second electrodes. A second reference electrode is disposed between the third and fourth electrodes and is configured to measure a second potential at a location between the third and fourth electrodes. The first electrode may be connected to the third electrode, and the second electrode may be connected to the fourth electrode. The first and second reference electrodes may not be connected to any of the first, second, third, or fourth electrodes.

Abstract: A solid-state electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions is provide, where the electrochemical cell has an electrolyte layer in a solid-state or semi-solid state defining a first surface. A solid electrode having an electroactive material that defines a second surface is present. A hybrid capacitor material including a metal organic framework intermingled with solid-state electrolyte particles is disposed in at least one of the following: the solid electrode, an interfacial layer disposed between the first surface of the electrolyte and the second surface of the solid electrode, or both in the solid electrode and the interfacial layer.

Abstract: A high-temperature stable solid-state bipolar battery is provided. The battery includes two or more electrodes, one or more solid-state electrolyte layers, and an ionogel disposed within void spaces within the battery. Each electrode includes a plurality of solid-state electroactive particles. Each solid-state electrolyte layer includes a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles and a first solid-state electrolyte layer of the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may be disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode of the two or more electrodes. The ionogel is disposed within void spaces between the two or more electrodes, the solid-state electroactive particles of the two or more electrodes, the solid-state electrolyte particles of the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers, and the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers, such that the battery has an reduced interparticle porosity. The ionogel may have an ionic conductivity between about 0.1 mS/Cm and about 10 mS/cm.

Abstract: An electrolyte can be pretreated by contacting with an oxide species (e.g., SiO2, SiOx, where 1?x?2, TiO2). The electrolyte comprises LiPF6 and a carbonate solvent. A reaction occurs to form a pretreated electrolyte comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of: MaPx?OyFz, MaPx?OyFzCnHm, and combinations thereof, where when P in the formula is normalized to 1 so that x? is equal to about 1, 0<y?4, 0<z?6, 0?a?3, 0 ?n?20, 0?m?42, and M is selected from Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, B, Ti, Al, and combinations thereof. Lithium-ion electrochemical cells including lithium titanate oxide (LTO) using such a pretreated electrolyte have reduced reactivity and gas formation.

Abstract: A bipolar capacitor-assisted solid-state battery is disclosed that includes a plurality of electrochemical battery unit cells, each of which includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a lithium ion-conductive electrolyte-containing separator disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The lithium ion-conductive electrolyte-containing separator of each electrochemical battery unit cell comprises a solid-state electrolyte material, and, additionally, at least one negative electrode of the electrochemical battery unit cells or at least one positive electrode of the electrochemical battery unit cells includes a capacitor material. The bipolar capacitor-assisted solid-state battery further includes a bipolar current collector disposed between a negative electrode of one electrochemical battery unit cell and a positive electrode of an adjacent electrochemical battery unit cell.

Abstract: Methods of pretreating an electroactive material comprising lithium titanate oxide (LTO) include contacting a surface of the electroactive material with a pretreatment composition. In one variation, the pretreatment composition includes a salt of lithium fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), and combinations thereof, and a solvent. In another variation, the pretreatment composition includes an organophosphorus compound. In this manner, a protective surface coating forms on the surface of the electroactive material. The protective surface coating comprises fluorine, oxygen, phosphorus or boron, as well as optional elements such as carbon, hydrogen, and listed metals, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates a temperature regulating system including an anisotropic material for use as a heating material or element (e.g., an active heater) and a cooling material or element (e.g., passive cooling) in a battery pack including one or more electrochemical cells. The temperature regulating system includes one or more temperature control elements. Each temperature control element is configured to be in a heat transfer relationship with one or more electrochemical cells so as to heat and/or cool the one or more electrochemical cells of the battery pack. Each temperature control element includes two or more structural elements and one or more anisotropic elements disposed between the two or more structural elements. The temperature control elements may be disposed between the electrochemical cells of the stack, disposed around the electrochemical cells of the stack, or both.

Abstract: A hybrid lithium-ion battery/capacitor cell comprising at least a pair of graphite anodes assembled with a lithium compound cathode and an activated carbon capacitor electrode can provide useful power performance properties and low temperature properties required for many power utilizing applications. The graphite anodes are formed of porous layers of graphite particles bonded to at least one side of current collector foils which face opposite sides of the activated carbon capacitor. The porous graphite particles are pre-lithiated to form a solid electrolyte interface on the anode particles before the anodes are assembled in the hybrid cell. The pre-lithiation step is conducted to circumvent the irreversible reactions in the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and preserve the lithium content of the electrolyte and lithium cathode during formation cycling of the assembled hybrid cell. The pre-lithiation step is also applicable to other anode materials that benefit from such pre-lithiation.