Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling direction of radio-wave emission of a base-station transmitter which emits radio waves upon providing the radio waves with directivity in the direction of a receiver. Two antennas of a base station that are disposed at different positions transmit first and second signals that have been spread by mutually orthogonal spreading codes. A mobile station has a phase detector for receiving the first and second signals transmitted from respective ones of the antennas and obtaining a phase difference between these signals, and a direction estimator for calculating the direction of the mobile station, as seen from the base station, based upon the phase difference and for feeding back a signal representing the calculated direction from the mobile station to the base station. The transmitter of the base station transmits data toward the receiver in the calculated direction using a directional antenna.

Abstract: In an adaptive predistorter type distortion compensating apparatus for calculating a distortion compensating coefficient by using an adaptive algorithm so as to reduce an error between a reference signal and a feedback signal of a circuit which generates a distortion on the basis of the reference signal, and for compensating the distortion by providing the distortion compensating coefficient to the reference signal, a phase adjustment circuit is provided for determining a phase shift value which reduces a phase difference between a reference signal and a feedback signal, for correcting the phase of the reference signal or the feedback signal by the phase shift value, and for calculating the distortion compensating apparatus after the correction.

Abstract: In a distortion compensating apparatus for adaptively compensating a non-linear distortion of a circuit having the non-linear distortion, an adaptive equalizing processor adaptively selects, from among a filter coefficient group preliminarily held in a memory, a filter coefficient which makes an out-of-band power of an output signal reduced to be set in a digital filter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling direction of radio-wave emission of a base-station transmitter which emits radio waves upon providing the radio waves with directivity in the direction of a receiver. Two antennas of a base station that are disposed at different positions transmit first and second signals that have been spread by mutually orthogonal spreading codes. A mobile station has a phase detector for receiving the first and second signals transmitted from respective ones of the antennas and obtaining a phase difference between these signals, and a direction estimator for calculating the direction of the mobile station, as seen from the base station, based upon the phase difference and for feeding back a signal representing the calculated direction from the mobile station to the base station. The transmitter of the base station transmits data toward the receiver in the calculated direction using a directional antenna.

Abstract: The present invention reduces the scale of circuitry and shortens the code phase detection time needed to achieve initial synchronization. In a correlator for calculating correlation between a received spreading code contained in a received spread-spectrum signal and a reference spreading code, a combined code generator is included. The combined code generator outputs a combined spreading code by weighting and combining a plurality of phase-shifted reference spreading codes A1-AM. Further, an arithmetic circuit calculates correlation between the received spreading code and the plurality of phase-shifted reference spreading codes simultaneously. A phase detection circuit detects the phase difference between the received spreading code and a reference spreading code, namely the phase of the received spreading code from the results of the arithmetic operation.

Abstract: In a distortion compensating apparatus for adaptively compensating a non-linear distortion of a circuit having the non-linear distortion, an adaptive equalizing processor adaptively selects, from among a filter coefficient group preliminarily held in a memory, a filter coefficient which makes an out-of-band power of an output signal reduced to be set in a digital filter.

Abstract: A device (10) for distributing expandable dough to plural holes (5A) is provided at a terminal end of a rotor (3) in an extruder to form plural expanded confectioneries, each of which has a rod-like configuration. A first member (20) with a through hole (22) at central portion thereof has plural and radial channels (24), and a second member (30) connected to the first member has a multi-faced pyramid-like projection (34) at a central portion of the inner wall therof. The inner wall has channels (36), each radially extending from a base of a face of the projection. The channels in the second member and the other channels in the first member are opposingly arranged in alignment to form diverging flow passages for the expandable dough. The second member has plural bores (32) arranged so as to form a concentric circle, and one each of each bore communicates with one end of the diverging flow passage while the other end is opened to form an expanding portion for the confectionery dough.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling direction of radio-wave emission of a base-station transmitter which emits radio waves upon providing the radio waves with directivity in the direction of a receiver. Two antennas of a base station that are disposed at different positions transmit first and second signals that have been spread by mutually orthogonal spreading codes. A mobile station has a phase detector for receiving the first and second signals transmitted from respective ones of the antennas and obtaining a phase difference between these signals, and a direction estimator for calculating the direction of the mobile station, as seen from the base station, based upon the phase difference and for feeding back a signal representing the calculated direction from the mobile station to the base station. The transmitter of the base station transmits data toward the receiver in the calculated direction using a directional antenna.

Abstract: A multi-carrier signal received by an antenna is converted into a signal of an IF band by an RX, and converted into an I signal and a Q signal by an quadrature detector. The I signal and the Q signal as multi-carrier signals are converted into digital signals by an A/D converter, and input to complex filters. The complex filters extract a complex signal having a specified carrier. Then, complex filters shift the center frequency of the extracted complex signal into 0 Hz. The obtained base band signal is input to a finger, and despread and demodulated. The despread and demodulated signal is RAKE synthesized by a synthesis unit, and transmitted to a signal discrimination unit.

Abstract: Digital input signals xi and xq are multiplied by an multiplier 31 with a distortion compensation coefficient of a distortion compensation coefficient storage unit 33 and then processed by a modulation/amplification unit 1 for sending in the form of analog output signals Z. The analog output signals Z are fed back for processings by an attenuator 43, a mixer 41, a quadrature demodulator 39, etc., and then fed to subtractors 35i and 35q. The subtractors 35i and 35q find differences (errors) between analog input signals Xi and Xq and analog feedback signals Yi and Yq, respectively, and feeds the analog error signals to ADCs 36i and 36q, respectively. The ADCs 36i and 36q convert the analog error signals into digital signals and feeds the digital signals to a distortion compensation coefficient arithmetic unit 5. The distortion compensation coefficient arithmetic unit 5 figures out a new distortion compensation coefficient to update the distortion compensation coefficient storage unit 33.

Abstract: A code multiplexing transmitting apparatus spread-spectrum modulates transmission data of a plurality of channels by spreading codes that differ from one another, combines the spread-spectrum signals of each of the channels and transmits the resultant spread-spectrum modulated signal. A spread-spectrum modulating unit for each channel includes a phase shifter for shifting, by a predetermined angle channel by channel, the phase of a position vector of the spread-spectrum modulated signal of each channel. As the result of such phase control, the phases of pilot signal portions of the spread-spectrum modulated signals of the respective channels are shifted relative to one another so that the peak values of the code-multiplexed signal can be suppressed.

Abstract: A code multiplexing transmitting apparatus spread-spectrum modulates transmission data of a plurality of channels by spreading codes that differ from one another, combines the spread-spectrum signals of each of the channels and transmits the resultant spread-spectrum modulated signal. A spread-spectrum modulating unit for each channel includes a phase shifter for shifting, by a predetermined angle channel by channel, the phase of a position vector of the spread-spectrum modulated signal of each channel. As the result of such phase control, the phases of pilot signal portions of the spread-spectrum modulated signals of the respective channels are shifted relative to one another so that the peak values of the code-multiplexed signal can be suppressed.

Abstract: An m-bit shift register stores data to be sent that are generated by a data generator 1 bit at a time sequentially. An orthogonal M sequence generator generates an M sequence with the m bits of data to be sent that are stored in the shift register as an initial value, then generates an orthogonal M sequence from that M sequence. A clock signal generator generates a clock signal of frequency 2m times the data rate of the data to be sent. The orthogonal M sequence generator operates in accordance with that clock signal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a path searching device and a CDMA receiver employing the same, having a reduced circuit scale and operating to carry out a smaller number of operations. For a direct spreading CDMA communication system, a CDMA receiver includes a reception demodulator including an antenna, a high-frequency amplifier a band-pass filter, demodulators, etc. The CDMA receiver also has despreading units, a determination unit, and a path search device. The path search device has a sampling unit for sampling an input signal by low-speed oversampling based on an integer multiple of a chip rate and by high-speed oversampling that is faster than the low-speed oversampling, a first circuit for finding a correlative value between a spreading code and a signal provided by the low-speed oversampling and finding timing corresponding to a maximum correlative value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a demodulator which receives a signal transmitted via phase modulation or multivalue QAM modulation, and decides transmitted data based on the received signal. The present invention enhances a transmission-line estimate by using tentatively decided data symbols as pilot symbols and in estimating a transmission line without a decrease in accuracy of transmission-line estimate even when an error rate of the tentatively decided data symbols is increased. The demodulator includes a pilot-based transmission-line estimation unit for estimating transmission-line characteristics by using pilot symbols. A tentative-data-decision unit for tentatively deciding data symbols based on the pilot-based transmission-line estimate. A data-based transmission-line estimation unit for estimating the transmission-line characteristics by using the tentatively decided data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transmission device for predistorting a digital signal in order to compensate distortion, then amplifying and transmitting it. A digital input signal is converted to a first analog signal by a first D/A converter. Separately, the digital input signal is also subjected to predistortion. A compensating signal is then generated from the digital input signal and the predistorted signal. The compensating signal generated thereby is converted into a second analog signal by a second D/A converter. The first analog signal and second analog signal are then added, this addition operation giving a compensated analog transmission signal. This analog transmission signal is supplied to the amplifier for amplification, and then transmitted via an antenna.

Abstract: There are provided a stick type expanded starch confectionery with a wave-like configuration on its surface and a process for easily manufacturing the same, which uses an extruder method. According to the process, the stick type expanded starch confectionery is obtained by adjusting amounts of water and calcium salt to an amount of starch raw material to prepare a dough, whereby fluidity of thermally treated dough extruded from a double-staged die which belongs to an extruder is controlled.

Abstract: Digital input signals xi and xq are multiplied by an multiplier 31 with a distortion compensation coefficient of a distortion compensation coefficient storage unit 33 and then processed by a modulation/amplification unit 1 for sending in the form of analog output signals Z. The analog output signals Z are fed back for processings by an attenuator 43, a mixer 41, a quadrature demodulator 39, etc., and then fed to subtractors 35i and 35q. The subtractors 35i and 35q find differences (errors) between analog input signals Xi and Xq and analog feedback signals Yi and Yq, respectively, and feeds the analog error signals to ADCs 36i and 36q, respectively. The ADCs 36i and 36q convert the analog error signals into digital signals and feeds the digital signals to a distortion compensation coefficient arithmetic unit 5. The distortion compensation coefficient arithmetic unit 5 figures out a new distortion compensation coefficient to update the distortion compensation coefficient storage unit 33.

Abstract: A CDMA receiving apparatus receives a direct sequence CDMA signal produced through QPSK spreading modulation, performs coherent detection of the direct sequence CDMA signal, and despreads the signals, obtained through the coherent detection, through a despreading portion. The despreading portion comprises a selector portion. The selector portion selects signals as a demodulated and despread in-phase output signal and a demodulated and despread quadrature output signal, in accordance with despreading codes, from demodulated in-phase and quadrature signals obtained through the coherent detection, and an inverted in-phase and quadrature signals obtained as a result of the signs of the demodulated in-phase and quadrature signals being inverted.

Abstract: First, a digital section constituting a linearizer is activated. Then, a feedback loop for updating a distortion compensation coefficient is opened. Then, the analog section on the antenna side is activated from an ADC, including a PA, etc., or a DAC. Then, both the ATT value of an ATT installed in a feedback route for updating the distortion compensation coefficient and the signal delay amount of a signal delay unit are adjusted to make a state such that the distortion compensation coefficient can be accurately updated. Then, the feedback loop is closed, a distortion compensation table having the distortion compensation coefficient as an entry is generated and after the generation is completed, the operation shifts to the normal operation.