Abstract: The present invention provides OLEDs of the top emission type comprising organic light-emitting (LE) elements by preventing the problems such as the widening of the power lines, the reduction in the aperture ratio caused by the widening of the upper and the lower capacitor electrodes and the short circuit between the upper and the lower electrodes caused by the roughness of the flattening layers. Two kinds of the OLEDs are provided. One is an OLED comprising a region of LE layer sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes is formed on a power line of TFT for driving the pixel. Another comprises a region of the LE layer formed on an electrode of capacitor connected to the TFTs to control the light-emitting element. Accordingly, without forming a flattening layer on the light-emitting layer, there is no electric short circuit between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.

Abstract: A self light emitting display device having high level of the external coupling efficiency and high grade image presentation as no optical cross-talk or blur can be obtained by a new light-emitting element. The device is constructed as follows. A plurality of picture elements, each of which picture elements has an organic layer composing light emitting areas, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrodes, are formed on a substrate. Between the picture elements, a bank which has a tilted reflective surface is formed so that the light emitting area is surrounded by the bank wherein the transparent optical waveguide layer is formed as optically isolated for each of the picture elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides a top-emission-type organic EL display device. In a top-emission-type organic EL display device which includes organic EL elements each of which is formed by stacking a reflective lower electrode, a function layer and a light-transmissive upper electrode in order, the upper electrode contains a plurality of fine particles which are made of a material different from a material of the upper electrode. The fine particles are preferably made of silica. A portion of the upper electrode may be provided below the fine particles and a portion of the upper electrode may be provided above the fine particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides OLEDs of the top emission type comprising organic light-emitting (LE) elements by preventing the problems such as the widening of the power lines, the reduction in the aperture ratio caused by the widening of the upper and the lower capacitor electrodes and the short circuit between the upper and the lower electrodes caused by the roughness of the flattening layers. Two kinds of the OLEDs are provided. One is an OLED comprising a region of LE layer sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes is formed on a power line of TFT for driving the pixel. Another comprises a region of the LE layer formed on an electrode of capacitor connected to the TFTs to control the light-emitting element. Accordingly, without forming a flattening layer on the light-emitting layer, there is no electric short circuit between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.

Abstract: An information-processing device comprises at least one crossbar-board; a plurality of back panels detachably connected electrically and mechanically to different sides of the crossbar-board; and at least one motherboard detachably connected electrically and mechanically to each of the back panels. The crossbar-board has a switching element mounted thereon. The motherboard has an information-processing semiconductor element mounted thereon.

Abstract: In an organic EL panel for enhancing luminous efficiency and utilization efficiency of light, monochromatic RGB lights emitted from the organic EL panel in which organic EL elements optimum for three monochromatic primary RGB colors are patterned in a stripe-like manner, are adjusted by a liquid crystal panel so as to obtain monochromatic RGB output lights. In addition, the three monochromatic RGB lights are led through color filters with black matrices in order to enhance the color purities and visibilities of the adjusted lights.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a top emission type organic light emitting display device which prevents the organic film from being oxidized during the formation of the upper transparent electrode and can emit light at a low voltage. The top emission type organic light emitting display device includes: a substrate; an organic light emitting layer; and upper and lower electrodes sandwiching the organic light emitting layer, where the lower electrode is arranged between the substrate and the organic light emitting layer, the upper electrode is arranged on the opposite side of the substrate with respect to the lower electrode, light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is taken out from the upper electrode side, and an organic layer which is mainly composed of an organic material having a heterocyclic group containing one or more nitrogen atoms, is included between the organic light emitting layer and the upper electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a top emission type organic light emitting display apparatus in which manufacture it is possible to prevent the organic film from being oxidized when the upper transparent electrode is formed, and which is capable of emitting light at a low voltage. This organic light emitting display apparatus includes an organic light emitting layer and an upper electrode and a lower electrode sandwiching the said organic light emitting layer between them, and is of a structure in which the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is taken out from the upper electrode side, wherein a buffer layer mostly made of an oxide with its Gibbs free energy generated at around the melting point being lower than ?300 kJ/mol is provided between the organic light emitting layer and the upper electrode, the side of the organic layer which is in contact with the buffer layer being doped with an electron donative dopant.

Abstract: An information-processing device comprises at least one crossbar-board; a plurality of back panels detachably connected electrically and mechanically to different sides of the crossbar-board; and at least one motherboard detachably connected electrically and mechanically to each of the back panels. The crossbar-board has a switching element mounted thereon. The motherboard has an information-processing semiconductor element mounted thereon.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an organic light emitting element having a high efficiency and a high quality in which electron and hole injection efficiency of an electrode is reproduced in an insulated or contaminated first electrode. In an organic light emitting display apparatus, a substrate, a first electrode, an insulation film bank formed so as to cover edges of the first electrode, a metal thin film formed on the first electrode and the insulation film bank, an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode are disposed in the cited order. A lower part of a side face of the insulation film bank takes a reverse tapered shape.

Abstract: The present invention provides OLEDs of the top emission type comprising organic light-emitting (LE) elements by preventing the problems such as the widening of the power lines, the reduction in the aperture ratio caused by the widening of the upper and the lower capacitor electrodes and the short circuit between the upper and the lower electrodes caused by the roughness of the flattening layers. Two kinds of the OLEDs are provided. One is an OLED comprising a region of LE layer sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes is formed on a power line of TFT for driving the pixel. Another comprises a region of the LE layer formed on an electrode of capacitor connected to the TFTs to control the light-emitting element. Accordingly, without forming a flattening layer on the light-emitting layer, there is no electric short circuit between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.

Abstract: A self light emitting display device having high level of the external coupling efficiency and high grade image presentation as no optical cross-talk or blur can be obtained by a new light-emitting element. The device is constructed as follows. A plurality of picture elements, each of which picture elements has an organic layer composing light emitting areas, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrodes, are formed on a substrate. Between the picture elements, a bank which has a tilted reflective surface is formed so that the light emitting area is surrounded by the bank wherein the transparent optical waveguide layer is formed as optically isolated for each of the picture elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides OLEDs of the top emission type comprising organic light-emitting (LE) elements by preventing the problems such as the widening of the power lines, the reduction in the aperture ratio caused by the widening of the upper and the lower capacitor electrodes and the short circuit between the upper and the lower electrodes caused by the roughness of the flattening layers. An OLED comprising a region of LE layer sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes is formed on a power line of TFT for driving the pixel. Accordingly, without forming a flattening layer on the light-emitting layer, there is no electric short circuit between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes an organic light emitting layer disposed on a substrate and first and second electrodes between which the organic light emitting layer is disposed on the substrate. The second electrode is formed on the opposite side to the substrate of the organic light emitting layer. A buffer layer is disposed between the second electrode and the organic light emitting layer and is mainly made of oxide having a smaller quantity of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of the buffer layer than that of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of the second electrode. Further, the substrate is made of metal.

Abstract: The present invention enhances a display quality of a display device as a task. As means for solving such a task, the present invention provides a display device including a light emitting element and a switching element in a pixel, wherein the switching element is provided for supplying a power source to the light emitting element and is constituted of a first switching element and a second switching element.

Abstract: A self light emitting display device having high level of the external coupling efficiency and high grade image presentation as no optical cross-talk or blur can be obtained by a new light-emitting element. The device is constructed as follows. A plurality of picture elements, each of which picture elements has an organic layer composing light emitting areas, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrodes, are formed on a substrate. Between the picture elements, a bank which has a tilted reflective surface is formed so that the light emitting area is surrounded by the bank wherein the transparent optical waveguide layer is formed as optically isolated for each of the picture elements.

Abstract: To provide a positive electrode current collector for a manganese dry battery including a carbon rod with a low density yet with good retention of the sealing property of the battery during high temperature storage. The positive electrode current collector for a manganese dry battery comprises a carbon rod and paraffin wax containing a hydrocarbon compound having a molecular weight of 300 to 500 impregnated in the carbon rod, the paraffin wax containing a hydrocarbon compound having a molecular weight of not greater than 310 in an amount of not greater than 0.5 wt %.

Abstract: By adopting the structure of this invention in which a transparent electrically conductive film is used in both of anode 202A and cathode 202B of an organic light emitting element having a hole transporting layer 203, a light emitting layer 204, an electron transporting layer 205 and an electron injecting layer 206, providing films having a light reflecting function 201 and 207 on the outside of the anode and cathode, and thereby making the gap between them function as a light vibrator, there can be obtained an organic light emitting element with which the above-mentioned two problems can be solved simultaneously.

Abstract: Conventional light-emitting elements, in particular an organic electroluminescence devices, involve problems resulting from a low light extraction efficiency of 20% or less, because of limitations on light emission set by total reflection angle on an organic layer or transparent electrode as the component, and are demanded to have improved luminance and other optical characteristics which depend on viewing angle. The present invention provides an organic electroluminescence device which can improve a light extraction efficiency and thereby reduce operational current and power consumption by incorporating a laminate of optical thin films of low refractive index and having pores whose size is controlled at a level equivalent to or shorter than visible wavelengths, because the light components totally reflected to become wave-guided or reflected light in a common device can be extracted as light scattered by the pores.

Abstract: The present invention provides a top emission type organic light-emitting display device in a production of which it is possible to prevent the organic film from being oxidized when the upper transparent electrode is formed, and which is capable of emitting light at a low voltage. This organic light-emitting display device contains an organic light-emitting layer and an upper electrode and a lower electrode sandwiching the organic light-emitting layer, and is of a structure in which the emitted light is taken out from the upper electrode side, and a buffer layer mainly made of an oxide producing less oxygen by decomposition in the film-forming process than the upper electrode material is provided between the organic light-emitting layer and the upper electrode.