Abstract: A mark issuing server operated by a mark issuer manages mark information collectively. A terminal of a user sends an information providing request to an information providing server of an information provider, and issues a mark issuing request to the mark issuing server on the basis of the information providing request. The information providing server searches for information corresponding to the information providing request from the terminal of the user, and provides the terminal of the user with information including requested information and location information of the mark issuing server. The mark issuing server determines validity of information provided from the information providing server on the basis of the mark issuing request, and sends a mark to the terminal of the user when the validity is verified, and the terminal of the user displays the mark with the information provided from the information providing server.

Abstract: The oil refining method according to the present invention comprises the fractional distillation process 1 for distilling and separating the feed oil into the distillate M1 and the residue M2; the hydrorefining process 2 wherein at least a part of the distillate M1 is refined by hydrogenation and desulfurized thereby to obtain the hydrorefined oil M3; the solvent deasphalting process 3 wherein the residue M2 is deasphalted with a solvent thereby to obtain the deasphalted oil M4 as an extract and asphaltene (pitch) M5 as the residue; the hydrodemetalizating/desulfurizing process 4 wherein at least a part of the deasphalted oil M4 is demetalized and desulfurized by hydrogenation thereby to obtain the HDMS refined oil M6; and the first mixing process 5 wherein a part of the HDMS refined oil M6 and at least a part of the hydrorefined oil M3 are mixed thereby to produce oil products.

Abstract: A medical support system for storing medical information disclosed by a medical institution in a data management institution is provided. The system comprises patient terminals 10 used by patients 1, medical institution terminals 20 used by medical institutions 2, a management server 30 operated by the data management institution 3, and a network 40 which establishes connections among these elements. The management server 30 has a medical information storage device 32, which stores medical information 4 on the patient such as medical records 41, examination results 42, and medical images 43, and a medical information control device 31 for controlling the input and output of the medical information into and from the medical information storage device.

Abstract: A method of feeding back results of analysis of care record to clinical service efficiently, and an information system therefor. A clinical pathway management support information system according to the present invention uses a clinical pathway analysis environment 15 which has a module for analyzing stored care record and making, modifying, and storing clinical pathways. In addition, the information system has a module 17 for selecting an appropriate clinical pathway according to a patient status. The clinical pathway analysis environment 15 also has a care process evaluation module and a clinical pathway evaluation module. The above modules support creation of a more realistic clinical pathway and its modification, selection of a clinical pathway appropriate to each patient, and clinical service which is in line with a clinical pathway.

Abstract: There is provided a process analysis method capable of clustering of executed processes and extraction of similar processes.

Abstract: Preventives and remedies for intestinal mucosal disorders and diseases caused thereby which contain as the active ingredient a member selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine, phosphoglycerolethanolamine and salts thereof. These preventives and remedies inhibit shrinkage of the intestinal mucosa and have a beneficial effect on various functions of the intestinal tract.

Abstract: Efficient methods for rerouting failed channels on to spare channels in a multichannel transmission system are described. One method uses a minimal amount of rerouting to reroute all the channels if one or two line cards fail.

Abstract: Efficient methods for rerouting failed channels on to spare channels in a multichannel transmission system are described. One method uses a minimal amount of rerouting to reroute all the channels if one or two line cards fail. Another set of methods reroute up to two failed channels on to spare channels in the event of channel failures. With this method only the failed channels are rerouted. However the failed channels may have to be routed through a slightly larger, but minimal, number of additional hops than with the first method.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for the treatment of liver diseases, comprising administering an effective amount of an aminoalcohol of the following formula (1) or a salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a phosphono group, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OR.sup.1, and n represents an integer between 2 and 5 inclusive. The present invention also relates to the use of the compound in the manufacture of a remedy for the treatment of liver diseases. This compound exhibits hepatocyte proliferation activity and liver disorder restoring effect, and thus is useful for the treatment of acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, etc.

Abstract: A method for producing a thin film solar cell includes preparing a substrate of a low purity material and having opposed front and rear surfaces; forming an insulating film on the front surface of the substrate; forming a second conductivity type active layer of a high purity material on the insulating film with a front surface exposed; forming a second conductivity type semiconductor region within the active layer, reaching the front surface, to produce a p-n junction for light-to-electricity conversion; forming an anti-reflection film on the front surface of the active layer, the anti-reflection film reducing reflection of incident light; forming a surface electrode in contact with the front surface of the active layer; adhering the front surface side of the active layer to a supporting plate and selectively etching the low purity substrate from the rear surface to form a supporting substrate supporting the active layer; and forming a rear electrode on the rear surface of the supporting substrate contacting

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for the treatment of liver diseases, comprising administering an effective amount of an aminoalcohol of the following formula (1) or a salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a phosphono group, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OR.sup.1, and n represents an integer between 2 and 5 inclusive. The present invention also relates to the use of the compound in the manufacture of a remedy for the treatment of liver diseases. This compound exhibits hepatocyte proliferation activity and liver disorder restoring effect, and thus is useful for the treatment of acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, etc.

Abstract: Efficient methods for rerouting failed channels on to spare channels in a multichannel transmission system are described. One method uses a minimal amount of rerouting to reroute all the channels if one or two line cards fail.Another set of methods reroute up to two failed channels on to spare channels in the event of channel failures. With this method only the failed channels are rerouted. However the failed channels may have to be routed through a slightly larger, but minimal, number of additional hops than with the first method.

Abstract: A method for therapeutically treating tardive dyskinesia, which comprises a compound having an enzyme-inhibitory activity against a phospho-diesterase as the active ingredient, is now provided. Rolipram is preferred as the active ingredient. When rolipram is administered to such rats as experimental model, which have tardive dyskinesia induced by consecutive administrations of haloperidol, there can be obtained such curative effect that the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia are suppressed dose-dependently.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a microwave semiconductor integrated circuit includes fabricating an integrated circuit including an FET and a wiring surrounding the FET on the front surface of the substrate; forming an insulating film covering a first region of the substrate where the FET is fabricated and a second region of the substrate where the wiring is fabricated; forming a thin resist film on the insulating film covering the first region of the substrate; removing a portion of the insulating film from the second region of the substrate opposite the wiring; forming a metal film containing a gas, covering the thin resist film and contacting, at a peripheral portion, the wiring exposed by removal of the insulating film; forming a hole in from the rear surface of the substrate to reach the thin resist film; forming a space between the metal film and the insulating film by dissolving the thin resist film with a solvent applied through the hole; closing the opening of the hole at the rear surface of the substrate;

Abstract: A method for producing a thin-film solar cell includes successively depositing a lower anti-reflection film having a relatively large etching rate in a prescribed etchant and an upper anti-reflection film having a relatively small etching rate in the prescribed etchant on a photosensitive surface of a semiconductor substrate; patterning the upper anti-reflection film to form an aperture; and etching the lower anti-reflection film using the patterned upper anti-reflection film as a mask.

Abstract: A method for producing a thin-film solar cell having a thin-film active layer on a graphite sheet substrate includes the steps of adhering two sheets of graphite together, forming semiconductor thin films serving as active layers on second main surfaces of the two sheets of graphite, and separating the two sheets of graphite from each other. In this structure, stress caused by a difference in expansion coefficients between the upper sheet and the semiconductor thin film is cancelled by stress caused by a difference in expansion coefficients between the lower sheet and the semiconductor thin film. Therefore, curvature of the substrates is prevented whereby subsequent process steps are easily carried out. In addition, the number of products per unit time is doubled, thereby increasing productivity.

Abstract: A thin-film solar cell includes a thin active layer of high purity material having opposed front and rear surfaces for light-to-electricity conversion, a structure for supporting the thin active layer, and a rear electrode in contact with the rear surface of the active layer. The supporting structure includes a supporting substrate of a low purity material having opposed front and rear surfaces, on the front surface of which the rear surface of the active layer is disposed, and an insulating barrier layer interposed between the front surface of the supporting substrate and the rear surface of the active layer. The barrier layer prevents impurities in the supporting substrate from diffusing into the active layer. Since the supporting substrate comprises a low purity material, the quantity of the expensive high purity material can be reduced by reducing the thickness of the active layer, resulting in low production costs.

Abstract: A thin-film solar cell includes a thin-film active layer with a p-n Junction and a heat-resistant substrate for mechanically supporting the active layer, which substrate is formed by a plasma coating method. In the plasma coating method, a source material of the substrate is melted with a high-temperature plasma and sprayed onto a base plate by a high-speed gas jet. Since the substrate formed by the plasma coating method is porous, even if an inexpensive material including a lot of impurities is used as a material of the substrate, the impurities are collected in pores of the substrate and never sprout out of the substrate breaking through the thin-film active layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a thin-film solar cell having a thin-film active layer on a graphite sheet substrate includes the steps of adhering two sheets of graphite together, forming semiconductor thin films serving as active layers on second main surfaces of the two sheets of graphite, and separating the two sheets of graphite from each other. In this structure, stress caused by a difference in expansion coefficients between the upper sheet and the semiconductor thin film is cancelled by stress caused by a difference in expansion coefficients between the lower sheet and the semiconductor thin film. Therefore, curvature of the substrates is prevented whereby subsequent process steps are easily carried out. In addition, the number of products per unit time is doubled, thereby increasing productivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring trace quantity of oxygen in a gas by reacting yellow phosphorus vapor and oxygen in a sample gas, and measuring the intensity of the light emitted by the reaction. Together with the sample gas, a constant amount of oxygen is continuously supplied to a reaction chamber so as to react with the yellow phosphorus vapor, and the intensity of the light emitted is measured. The oxygen concentration in the sample gas is determined from the difference between the value measured as above and the intensity of the light emitted by the reaction between the yellow phosphorus vapor and the added oxygen, or from the oxygen concentration obtained from the measured value and the concentration of the added oxygen.