Abstract: A refrigerant liquid level measuring device that measures a refrigerant liquid level in a short period is provided. A series sensor arrangement includes a plurality of sensor elements electrically connected in series. The sensor elements each have a superconducting wire and a normal conductor heater electrically connected to the wire, and the superconducting wire and the normal conductor heater are in thermal contact with each other. The series sensor arrangement is provided to cross the liquid level of refrigerant liquid in a container that stores the refrigerant liquid and one of the sensor elements and the other sensor elements in the series sensor arrangement are positioned on one another in the vertical direction. The series sensor arrangement is supplied with electric current, so that the liquid level of the refrigerant is measured by measuring the electrical resistance value of the normal conductive part of the super conducting wires in the series sensor arrangement.

Abstract: In an information display panel, in which display media (particles or liquid powders) are sealed between two substrates having paired electrodes, at least one substrate being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information such as an image, an electrode chipping portion is arranged to one of or both of the paired electrodes. Herewith, the information display panel, which can make a driving voltage low, is proposed.

Abstract: An image display device, in which image display media are sealed between opposed substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and in which the image display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display an image. A construction of particles used as the image display media is improved (the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth and ninth aspects of the invention), and a material of the particles used as the image display media is improved (the third, seventh and tenth aspects of the invention). Whiteness of the particles and a liquid powder using the particles is improved, particle agglutination is prevented, and the charge property is controlled. Moreover, durability is improved such that a contrast of the image display during a repetition display is not decreased. As a result, an excellent image display can be achieved.

Abstract: In a first aspect of the invention, an information display panel, in which at least one group of display media having optical reflectance and charge characteristics, formed by at least one group of particles, are scaled in a cell (corresponding to one display unit) formed by partition walls between two substrates, at least one substrate being transparent, and, in which the display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display information such as an image, includes (1) a color filter formed by arranging filters having a predetermined numbers of colors on a transparent substrate at a display side so as to perform a color display, and a black layer arranged between the partition walls and the transparent substrate.

Abstract: An image display device which comprises an image display panel, in which particles or liquid powders as image display media are sealed in cells formed in an isolated manner from one another by partition walls between two opposed substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles or the liquid powders, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, is characterized in that: (1) the partition walls are manufactured by a photolithography method, and a shape of the partition wall is a taper shape such that a width of an end portion at a side of a rear substrate is larger than that at a side of a front substrate; (3-1) a plurality of cells are arranged in such a manner that they do not correspond one for one to the positions of pixels for displaying the image; (3-2) a ratio of cell area/pixel area is formed to be smaller than 4; and (2) the image display panel is manufactured by: forming a first layer made of photosensitive color compo

Abstract: In an image display device, in which image display media are sealed between opposed substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the image display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, at least back substrate positioned at a rear side with respect to a visual side is made of a resin material. Moreover, a substrate stacking apparatus is constructed by a reading mechanism for optically reading an alignment mark; a stage for fixing at least one substrate; and a driving mechanism for driving the stage in a horizontal direction (xy direction); wherein the reading mechanism for performing the optical reading is arranged on the stage for fixing a lower substrate.

Abstract: A method for resource management and planning includes loading into memory near real-time information associated with multiple enterprise and affiliated production facilities, the near real-time information including demand information indicating demand for a product, production information indicating scheduled production of the product at the production facilities, and inventory information indicating inventories of the product at the production facilities; receiving a current order for the product; identifying resources for use in producing the product; determining availabilities of the resources using the near real-time information loaded into memory; and generating a production plan for production of the product using the availabilities of the resources.

Abstract: An orthodontic wire ligating member is engageable with an orthodontic bracket to retain an archwire inserted into a groove in the bracket. The ligating member is an elastically deformable member made of a synthetic resin and has at least two spaced engaging portions detachably engageable with the bracket, and a back portion integral with the engaging portions and elastically deformable flexibly to engage the bracket to retain the archwire. Thus, the friction between the archwire and the bracket slot is minimized, and the archwire is retained in a friction-free or low-friction state.

Abstract: In the image display device, in which the image display media are sealed between opposed substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and in which the image display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, a construction of the particles utilizing as the image display media is improved (the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth and ninth aspects of the invention), and, a material of the particles utilizing as the image display media is improved (the third, seventh and tenth aspects of the invention). Therefore, the whiteness of the particles and the liquid powder using the particles can be improved, and it is possible to prevent the particle agglutination and to control the charge property. Moreover, in the image display panel in which the particles and the liquid powder are used as the image display media, it is possible to obtain a durability such that a contrast of the image display during a repetition display is not decreased.

Abstract: In an image display device which has an image display panel, in which two or more groups of particles or liquid powders having different colors and different charge characteristics are sealed between opposed two substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and, in which the particles or the liquid powders, to which an electrostatic field produced by a pair of electrodes provided on one substrate or both substrates respectively is applied, are made to move so as to display an image, a chip for transmitting a drive signal to the image display panel is arranged in the substrate (first aspect of the invention), or, the two substrates are constructed by a transparent substrate and the pair of electrodes are constructed by a transparent electrode (second aspect of the invention).

Abstract: An orthodontic wire ligating member is engageable with an orthodontic bracket to retain an archwire inserted into a groove in the bracket. The ligating member is an elastically deformable member made of a synthetic resin and has at least two spaced engaging portions detachably engageable with the bracket, and a back portion integral with the engaging portions and elastically deformable flexibly to engage the bracket to retain the archwire. Thus, the friction between the archwire and the bracket slot is minimized, and the archwire is retained in a friction-free or low-friction state.

Abstract: Wirings of optical fiber cable to a building having at least one story including optical core wires or taped optical core wires including at least one wire for use on each story and at least one reserve wire for use on each story upon a change in demand. The wires are wired such that a center portion is situated at an upper portion of the building and both ends are situated at a lower portion of the building. A connector part is arranged in each story and connected to the optical core wires or taped optical core wires for use on that story.

Abstract: Without performing serious work of connection by connector attachment etc. on the spot, it can operate at a factory and the principal cable can be wired using the branch implement that can be attached by easy work on the spot. In addition, the ratio of the number of optical core wires of the external wiring in reserve and the branch cable for stories can be freely chosen, and change when demand change arises and the increase in a circuit can also be performed very easily.

Abstract: Disclosed are orthodontic treatment pliers effective at increasing efficiency of treatment work in orthodontic treatment and at lessening the pain the patient can be provided. A pair of pinching portions having a necessary length which are bent in parallel at a required angle toward a plane of locus of swing using a hinge as a fulcrum are formed integrally with the tips of a pair of jaws constructing the pliers. One of the pinching portions has an almost L-letter shape in cross section and the other pinching portion has a shape which can engage with the L-letter shape of the pinching portion. With the configuration, by operating the pliers in the direction of pinching and closing a projected wire portion with the pinching portions, the projected wire portion can be bent so as to hold a tooth.

Abstract: There are disclosed a composition for resin magnets which comprises a thermoplastic resin and magnetic powders and which, when determined in a heated molten state, has specific viscosity characteristics characterized in that the almost linear line which is obtained by taking &eegr;R/&eegr;O as ordinate and &ggr; as abscissa has a slope of at most 0.02, preferably at most 0.01 within a specific temperature range in which &eegr;O falls within the range of from 2.0×106 to 1.0×107 dyne/cm2, wherein &eegr;R denotes shear stress (dyne/cm2), &eegr;O denotes yield stress (dyne/cm2) and &ggr; denotes shear rate (S−1); a magnetic member which is produced by the use of the above composition for resin magnets; and a process for efficiently producing the magnetic member from the composition by an extrusion molding in a magnetic field under specific temperature and pressure conditions.

Abstract: A magnet roller capable of adjusting the height and position of a magnetic force peak after formation of a roller, and easily meeting a requirement to attain a complex magnetic force pattern without significantly increasing the cost. In the magnet roller, at least two kinds of first magnet pieces and second magnet pieces different from each other in orientation characteristic of magnetic powders are fixedly disposed around the outer periphery of a shaft. The first magnet pieces is a magnet piece in which anisotropic magnetic powders are oriented in such a manner to converge from both the side surfaces and the back surface to a specific position on the front surface side.

Abstract: A flat optical fiber cable is composed of an optical fiber ribbon cord which is comprised of tensile strength fiber having a rectangular shape covering an outside circumferential part of several optical fiber cores which are parallel one another and a sheath covers an outside circumferential part of the tensile strength fiber. The tension member is parallel to both sides of the optical fiber ribbon cord forming a row, and the outside circumferential part of the tension member and the optical fiber ribbon cord is covered with a sheath having a nearly oval shape. Because the flat optical fiber cable is formed in this way, it is easy to construct and assemble terminals and damage to the optical fiber and deterioration of performance is prevented.

Abstract: An optical fiber core consists of an optical fiber, an ultraviolet curable resinous layer which covers an outside circumferential part of an optical fiber, and a covering layer covering an outside circumferential part of ultraviolet curable resinous layer. In addition, the covering layer is composing of a first covering layer using flexible thermoplastic resin and second covering layer using thermoplastic resin of semi-hard or hard material in order that it sufficiently fulfills squeezing, tensile, bending, temperature, and lateral pressure characteristics and an economic efficiency.

Abstract: At least an optical fiber of more than two pieces are arranged at least a tension member or more in a row, and the outside circumferential part of tension member and optical fiber is covered with a sheath so as to become a nearly oval shape. In addition, at least a torn slot or more is formed the outside circumferential part of a sheath. Therefore, it can be cut the end part of a sheath simply at the time of terminal management without the fact that an optical fiber makes damage and is added to power.

Abstract: An electric charging member and electric charging apparatus are described, including the surface of the charging member being formed of a resin layer including a nylon copolymer containing at least 15% by weight of nylon 12 or a urethane-modified acrylic resin containing 5-80% by weight of an acrylic resin component.