Abstract: The present invention discloses an initiating system for cationic polymerization and a polymerization process. The present application relates to an initiating system for cationic polymerization of cationic-polymerizable monomers, and a process for cationic polymerization of cationic-polymerizable monomers by using the initiating system. The present invention particular involves an initiating system for cationic polymerization of cationic-polymerizable monomers in an aqueous reaction medium, and a process for cationic polymerization of cationic-polymerizable monomers by using the initiating system in an aqueous reaction medium.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a session management method and system based on an M2M application and an apparatus. In one embodiment, a session management method is based on a machine-to-machine application. Gateway equipment information and group number information of a group user device are acquired and it is determined that group information of the group user device has changed. A gateway equipment is instructed to execute bearer change processing on the group user device. The instructing is based on the gateway equipment information and the group number information of the group user device. The bearer change processing is executed on the group user device.

Abstract: A method for estimating blur degree of image and a method for evaluating image quality are revealed. First, an input image is transmitted to an image processing device for producing a synthesized blur image including a nonlinear image sensing function according to a pixel intensity distribution parameter of the input image. Next, the image processing device matches the pixel intensity distribution according to the input image and the synthesized blur image for producing a blur degree parameter; By the way, the image processing device further estimating an estimated blur result according to the blur degree parameter. The method for estimating blur degree of image can be further applied to estimate blur distribution for a plurality of regions of interest of a plurality of input images. Thereby, the blur distribution of the input images can be estimated, and thus further evaluating the image quality of the plurality of input images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isoolefin polymers and process for preparing the same. The present invention especially discloses a polymerization process for the cationic polymerization of isoolefin monomers in an aqueous reaction medium, and isoolefin polymers obtained by such process. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a polymerization process for the cationic polymerization of isoolefin monomers in an aqueous reaction medium, and isoolefin polymers obtained therefrom. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a dispersion polymerization process for the cationic copolymerization of isoolefins with conjugated or non-conjugated diolefins and/or vinyl aromatic compounds, and copolymers obtained therefrom.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a session management method and system based on an M2M application and an apparatus. The method includes: first acquiring gateway equipment information and group number information of a group user device; when acquiring that group information of the group user device changes, according to the gateway equipment information and the group number information of the group user device, instructing a gateway equipment to execute bearer change processing on the group device, and executing the bearer change processing on the group user device, so as to reduce signaling congestion on a network side and correspondingly reduce a network load.

Abstract: A service response method, device, and system, and relate to the field of mobile communications, which provides conditions for implementing optimized transmission of small-packet data and reducing the waste of network signaling resources. The service response method includes: receiving, by a user equipment, downlink data or a downlink message, where the downlink data or message is small-packet data; selecting a signaling mode or data mode as a mode of responding to the downlink data or message; and responding to the downlink data or message by using the selected mode. The technical solutions provided in the present invention are applicable to a scenario where a UE responds to a service.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a paging processing method, user equipment and system. A user equipment receives a paging message sent by a mobility management network element. The user equipment sentence a message for location update according to a value of a temporary identity (TIN) used for next update. A mobility management network element receives the message for location update and acquires a bearer context of the user equipment.

Abstract: A method for estimating blur degree of image and a method for evaluating image quality are revealed. First, an input image is transmitted to an image processing device for producing a synthesized blur image including a nonlinear image sensing function according to a pixel intensity distribution parameter of the input image. Next, the image processing device matches the pixel intensity distribution according to the input image and the synthesized blur image for producing a blur degree parameter; By the way, the image processing device further estimating an estimated blur result according to the blur degree parameter. The method for estimating blur degree of image can be further applied to estimate blur distribution for a plurality of regions of interest of a plurality of input images. Thereby, the blur distribution of the input images can be estimated, and thus further evaluating the image quality of the plurality of input images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a network entity for obtaining an IP address of a user. The method includes: receiving, by a first network element from a second network element, a message for obtaining an IP address of a user; allocating, by the first network element, an IP address to the user, and sending the IP address to the second network element; and receiving, from a gateway, a search message that carries the IP address, learning an identity of the user, and sending the identity of the user to the gateway.

Abstract: A mobility management entity (MME) information deleting method includes: receiving a message sent by a first MME; and if needed, determining whether it is necessary to delete information about the first MME according to version information about the first MME. The method further includes: receiving a message sent by a target MME, in which the message carries version information about a source MME acquired by the target MME or an indication of deleting information about the source MME added by the target MME; and deleting the information about the source MME according to the message. A network device for deleting MME information is also provided. According to the present invention, a network device, such as a home subscriber server (HSS), is capable of acquiring version information about a source MME or receiving an indication of deleting information about the source MME, so as to determine whether it is necessary to delete the information about the MME.

Abstract: A mobility management entity (MME) information deleting method includes: receiving a message sent by a first MME; and if needed, determining whether it is necessary to delete information about the first MME according to version information about the first MME. The method further includes: receiving a message sent by a target MME, in which the message carries version information about a source MME acquired by the target MME or an indication of deleting information about the source MME added by the target MME; and deleting the information about the source MME according to the message. A network device for deleting MME information is also provided. According to the present invention, a network device, such as a home subscriber server (HSS), is capable of acquiring version information about a source MME or receiving an indication of deleting information about the source MME, so as to determine whether it is necessary to delete the information about the MME.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an initiating system for cationic polymerization and a polymerization process. The present application relates to an initiating system for cationic polymerization of cationic-polymerizable monomers, and a process for cationic polymerization of cationic-polymerizable monomers by using the initiating system. The present invention particular involves an initiating system for cationic polymerization of cationic-polymerizable monomers in an aqueous reaction medium, and a process for cationic polymerization of cationic-polymerizable monomers by using the initiating system in an aqueous reaction medium.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a session management method and system based on an M2M application and an apparatus. The method includes: first acquiring gateway equipment information and group number information of a group user device; when acquiring that group information of the group user device changes, according to the gateway equipment information and the group number information of the group user device, instructing a gateway equipment to execute bearer change processing on the group device, and executing the bearer change processing on the group user device, so as to reduce signaling congestion on a network side and correspondingly reduce a network load.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a charging method, device and system in the field of communications technologies. The charging method includes: learning that a user equipment accesses a network beyond an applicable condition; and charging the user equipment. The embodiments of the present invention enable the network operator to charge the user equipment for the access to the network beyond the applicable condition, thereby making it convenient for a user to access the network beyond the applicable condition and providing proper technical support for the charging management of the network operator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a bandwidth control method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: receiving an access request message sent by a user equipment; obtaining, according to the access request message, a group identity of a group to which the user equipment belongs and group-aggregate maximum bit rate parameter information of the group to which the user equipment belongs, so that a bandwidth control device performs bandwidth control on a user equipment in the group according to the group identity and the group-aggregate maximum bit rate parameter information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isoolefin polymers and process for preparing the same. The present invention especially discloses a polymerization process for the cationic polymerization of isoolefin monomers in an aqueous reaction medium, and isoolefin polymers obtained by such process. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a polymerization process for the cationic polymerization of isoolefin monomers in an aqueous reaction medium, and isoolefin polymers obtained therefrom. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a dispersion polymerization process for the cationic copolymerization of isoolefins with conjugated or non-conjugated diolefins and/or vinyl aromatic compounds, and copolymers obtained therefrom.

Abstract: A group charging method, a charging processing apparatus and a communication system are provided in the embodiments of the present invention, in which the group charging method includes: obtaining at least one of a group identifier and a field of a charging characteristic of a user equipment; generating a charging rule according to the obtained at least one of the group identifier and the field of the charging characteristic; and charging user equipments in a group according to the charging rules.

Abstract: A mobility management entity (MME) information deleting method includes: receiving a message sent by a first MME; and if needed, determining whether it is necessary to delete information about the first MME according to version information about the first MME. The method further includes: receiving a message sent by a target MME, in which the message carries version information about a source MME acquired by the target MME or an indication of deleting information about the source MME added by the target MME; and deleting the information about the source MME according to the message. A network device for deleting MME information is also provided. According to the present invention, a network device, such as a home subscriber server (HSS), is capable of acquiring version information about a source MME or receiving an indication of deleting information about the source MME, so as to determine whether it is necessary to delete the information about the MME.

Abstract: A mobility management entity (MME) information deleting method includes: receiving a message sent by a first MME; and if needed, determining whether it is necessary to delete information about the first MME according to version information about the first MME. The method further includes: receiving a message sent by a target MME, in which the message carries version information about a source MME acquired by the target MME or an indication of deleting information about the source MME added by the target MME; and deleting the information about the source MME according to the message. A network device for deleting MME information is also provided. According to the present invention, a network device, such as a home subscriber server (HSS), is capable of acquiring version information about a source MME or receiving an indication of deleting information about the source MME, so as to determine whether it is necessary to delete the information about the MME.

Abstract: A method for filling a closed region. The closed region is enclosed by a contour according to a plurality of edge points. First, generate a path linked list. The path linked list includes a plurality of nodes for recording the edge points and the intermediate points between the edge points on the contour. Next, generate a filling array linked list. The filling array linked list records a plurality of filling line segment. The two end points of each of the line segments are on the contour, and each of the line segments is in the closed region. Then, fill the closed region according to the line segments.