Abstract: Microcapsules having a hydrophobic core material and capsule walls formed by the reaction of water-insoluble polyamines with water-soluble bisulphite adducts of polyisocyanates, a process for the production thereof which is characterized in that a mixture of a hydrophobic core material and water-insoluble polyamines is emulsified in water or in an aqueous protective colloid solution to the required particle size, water-soluble bisulphite adducts of polyisocyanates in the form of powders or aqueous solutions are added and the mixture is left to react to completion at temperatures of from 1.degree. to 140.degree. C., and applications thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups by the trimerization of a proportion of the isocyanate groups of organic polyisocyanates and termination of the trimerization reaction by the addition of a catalyst poison, characterized in that the trimerization catalysts employed are quaternary ammonium salts based on the reaction product of tertiary amines and esters of acids of phosphorus which have an alkylating action. The invention also relates to the use of the polyisocyanates with isocyanurate groups obtainable by this process, optionally in a form freed from excess starting polyisocyanates and/or optionally in a form in which the isocyanate groups are blocked with blocking agents, as isocyanate components for the preparation of isocyanate-polyaddition products, especially polyurethanes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to polyisocyanate mixtures which are liquid and stable in storage at room temperature and which have an NCO-content of from 36.5 to 45% by weight, consisting essentially of a mixture of from 25 to 70 parts by weight of partly trimerized 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene with from 30 to 75 parts by weight of unmodified 2,4-and/or 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, a process for the production of these mixtures by mixing the individual components and the use of the mixtures as a synthesis component in the production of polyurethane plastics by the isocyanate-polyaddition process.

Abstract: Aminoplastic resin dispersions which are stable to sedimentation are obtained by condensation of aldehydes with aminoplastic resin formers in an aqueous medium, in the presence of water-soluble compounds of the formulaR--X--(A--O).sub.m --B--NHCONH--Y].sub.nhaving the substituent meanings mentioned in the description. The condensation is preferably carried out in the presence of dyestuffs or optical brighteners which have groups capable of condensation. The dispersions obtained thereby are particularly suitable for whitening the coating compositions used in the paper industry, and for coating paper, wood, films and textile materials.

Abstract: A process for preparing a mixture of polyhydroxyl compounds having low molecular weight by catalytically hydrogenating a formose mixture with hydrogen on a metal catalyst. The hydrogenation is carried out at a pH of 7.5 to 12.5 and at elevated temperature and pressure. The formose mixture comprises (i) up to 70 wt. % formose, (ii) up to 1.6 wt. % lead ions and (iii) up to 5 wt. % calcium ions with at least one of (ii) or (iii) being present. The catalyst which is present in an amount of 4-240 wt. % (based on formose solution) is a compound taken from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and compounds thereof. The mixture of polyhydroxyl compounds made in accordance with the present invention is useful as a starting material in the production of polyether polyols, polyester polyols and polyurethane plastics.

Abstract: Polyether polyols are made by alkoxylating a mixture which is from 20-80 weight % sucrose and 80-20 weight % formitol. The product polyether polyols have an average hydroxyl functionality of at least 3 and a hydroxyl number of from 28 to 1000. These polyether polyols are particularly useful for the production of rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for the preparation of polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups which comprises trimerizing a proportion of the isocyanate groups of organic polyisocyanates or mixtures of di- and monoisocyanates in the presence of basic alkali metal compounds as catalysts and terminating the trimerization reaction by the addition of a catalyst poison, characterized in that the trimerization catalysts are complexes of(i) basic alkalimetal compounds and(ii) acyclic organic compounds which(a) have at least 6 alkylene oxide units of the formula --R--O--, wherein R represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Molded body of vulcanized rubber having firmly adhering varnish layer produced by applying a coating of varnish which has a compound with a member which will on subsequent vulcanization participate in the vulcanization reaction, to the surface of the unvulcanized molded body. Subsequently vulcanizing the coated molded body to cause the member to participate in the vulcanization and produce a vulcanized rubber molded body with a firmly adhering varnish layer.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to an improved process for the production of formose from formaldehyde. The improvement resides in using relatively small quanities of basic lead compounds as catalysts for the condensation reaction of the formaldehyde and, at the same time, for controlling the pH-value. By following this technique, organic or inorganic bases which, hitherto, have normally been used for this purpose are no longer needed.

Abstract: Aminoplast foams of hardened reaction products of aldehydes and at least bifunctional modified .alpha.,.omega.-ureas which contain at least one ether, thioether, acetal, ester, ester amide and/or carbonate group and have a molecular weight of from 200 to 10,000.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing mixtures of low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds and optionally hydroxyaldehydes and ketones by condensing formaldehyde hydrate with itself in the presence of(A) soluble or insoluble lead(II) salts or of divalent lead attached to a high molecular weight carrier; and(B) a co-catalyst, comprising a mixture of hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones obtainable by condensation of formaldehyde, which mixture contains at least 75%, by weight, of C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 compounds and is characterized by the following molar ratios:Compounds having 3 carbon atoms/compounds having 4 carbon atoms from 0.5:1 to 2.0:1;Compounds having 4 carbon atoms/compounds having 5 carbon atoms from 0.2:1 to 2.0:1;Compounds having 5 carbon atoms/compounds having 6 carbon atoms from 0.5:1 to 5.0:1.The pH of the reaction mixture is held at from 6.0 to 7.0 until from 10 to 60% conversion has occurred and is then lowered to between 4.0 to 6.0 until 90-100% conversion has occurred.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of formose by the condensation of aqueous formaldehyde. In the process according to this invention, tertiary amines which contain an electrophilic hetero atom in the .beta.-position to the tertiary nitrogen atom are used for controlling the pH instead of the inorganic bases which have previously been used for this purpose.

Abstract: Formose solutions are hydrogenated in a batchwise alkaline two-stage catalytic process to produce low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the production of highly elastic, open-celled foams containing urethane groups by reacting polyether polyols with modified polyisocyanates in the presence of cross-linking agents and water characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of 0.5 to 10 g/100 g of the polyether of a cross-linking mixture corresponding to the general formulaC.sub.n H.sub.2n+2 O.sub.nwherein n=2 to 10,which has a statistical average of at least four hydroxyl groups per molecule.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols by hydrogenating formose solutions in the presence of metal catalysts comprising(a) introducing an at least 20% solution of formose, of which the pH-value was adjusted before hydrogenation to a value of from 7.5 to 12.5, in batches into a first reactor in a manner such that the content of reducible groups, determined as carbonyl groups, in the reactor does not exceed a level of 2% by weight;(b) hydrogenating the solution in batches in the presence of a total quantity of a first catalyst of from 10.sup.-4 to 5.10.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of formose by the condensation of aqueous formaldehyde. In the process according to this invention, tertiary amines which contain an electrophilic hetero atom in the .beta.-position to the tertiary nitrogen atom are used for controlling the pH instead of the inorganic bases which have previously been used for this purpose.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with a novel transparent polyurethane polyurea which is particularly suitable for lamination to glass and glasslike transparent plastics. The polymer is the reaction product of high molecular weight diols, optionally low molecular weight diols, dihydroxy carboxylic acids, diisocyanates with only aliphatically and cycloaliphatically bound isocyanates and organic diamines having aliphatically and cycloaliphatically bound primary amino groups. It has specified contents of carboxyl groups and urea groups, and it has a minimum shear modulus at both 20.degree. and 60.degree. C.The present disclosure is also concerned with a process for synthesizing such polymers. A preferred method is to react the diisocyanate and hydroxyl bearing compounds to prepare an isocyanate terminated prepolymer and chain extend with the diamine.

Abstract: Compounds having a melting point above 40.degree. C. which compounds contain uretone imine groups and which are substantially free from volatile isocyanate blocking agents which are split off under stoving conditions are excellent crosslinking agents for pulverulent coating compositions based on hydroxyl groups-containing polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a continuous or discontinuous process for the removal of catalytic quantities of lead ions from aqueous formose solutions by cationic electro-deposition. The process is preferably carried out with a constant current and in at least three stages, with lower current densities being maintained during the first and last stage than in the middle stages.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the production of a mixture of low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols, hydroxy aldehydes and hydroxy ketones by condensing formaldehyde hydrate in the presence of calcium hydroxide as catalyst and in the presence of compounds capable of enediol formation as co-catalyst. A formaldehyde-containing enediol formation as co-catalyst. A formaldehyde containing solution of the co-catalyst in water and, optionally, low molecular weight monohydric or polyhydric alcohols and/or relatively high molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds is adjusted to a pH value of from 9 to 12, preferably from 9 to 10, by the addition of calcium hydroxide at a temperature of from 80.degree. to 110.degree. C., preferably from 90.degree. to 105.degree. C., so that condensation of the formaldehyde hydrate is initiated.