Abstract: A network element includes a data transfer interface for connecting to a data transfer network, a data-plane section for managing data to be forwarded, and a control section for configuring the data-plane section in accordance with configuration data carried by control-plane messages received from the data transfer network. The control section controls the data transfer interface to send one or more overload messages to the data transfer network in response to an overload situation where the workload of the control section impairs the ability of the control section to react to the control-plane messages. Thus, other network elements know that the network element that does not respond to the control-plane messages and thus appears to be non-working may still forward data even though its ability to react to the control-plane messages is, at least temporarily, impaired.

Abstract: A network element includes a data transfer interface for connecting to a data transfer network, a data-plane section for managing data to be forwarded, and a control section for configuring the data-plane section in accordance with configuration data carried by control-plane messages received from the data transfer network. The control section controls the data transfer interface to send one or more overload messages to the data transfer network in response to an overload situation where the workload of the control section impairs the ability of the control section to react to the control-plane messages. Thus, other network elements know that the network element that does not respond to the control-plane messages and thus appears to be non-working may still forward data even though its ability to react to the control-plane messages is, at least temporarily, impaired.

Abstract: A hydraulic compactor configured to be fastened to the cover structure of an underground collection container, for compacting waste materials. The hydraulic compactor includes a filling opening equipped with a hatch, via which the waste material may be entered into a compressing space inside the compactor, a press member being provided above the compressing space and being movable in the vertical direction inside the compactor. The press member presses the waste material fed into the compressing space against the bottom plate of the compactor. The bottom plate of the compactor is a hydraulic bottom plate opening in the horizontal direction, via which the waste material compressed in the compressing space is dropped into the underground collection container. The present disclosure also relates to an underground collection container comprising a compactor.

Abstract: An electromechanical lock and its operation method is disclosed. The method includes: reading data from an external source; matching the data against a predetermined criterion; providing a fulcrum provided that the data matches the predetermined criterion; holding the lock by a locking pin, when engaged, in a locked state, and, when disengaged, in a mechanically openable state; and if the fulcrum is provided, levering mechanical power with the fulcrum to the locking pin to mechanically disengage the locking pin.

Abstract: Electromechanical lock and its operation method are provided. The lock includes a threshold device configured to control the power transmission mechanism so that the amount of the received mechanical power in the form of the electric power is sufficient for powering the electronic circuit and the actuator, and so that a normal operation of the electromechanical lock, including an insertion of the key into the electromechanical lock, is sufficient for power the electronic circuit and the actuator.

Abstract: A method for controlling a software-defined network “SDN” includes receiving (301) information provided by one or more external sources outside the software-defined network, generating (303) configuration data for changing configuration of one or more network elements of the software-defined network on the basis of the received information in response to a situation (302) where the received information indicates an occurred or forthcoming change of one or more operating conditions of the software-defined network, and sending (304) the configuration data to the network elements so as to adapt the software-defined network to changes of the one or more operating conditions.

Abstract: An electromechanical lock, its key, and its operation method are disclosed. The method includes: during a first and a second insertion phases of a key, conveying mechanical power to an electric generator by a key follower and enabling mechanically operation of an actuator by the key follower; generating electric power from mechanical power by the electric generator; reading data from an external source; matching the data against a predetermined criterion; and during a removal phase of the key, returning the key follower to a starting position and mechanically resetting the actuator to the locked state.

Abstract: Electromechanical lock and its operation method. The lock includes a power transmission mechanism to receive mechanical power produced by a user of the lock; a generator to produce electric power from the mechanical power; an electronic circuit, powered by the electric power, coupleable with a key, to read data from the key, and to issue an open command provided that the data matches a predetermined criterion; an actuator, powered by the electric power, to receive the open command, and to set the lock in a mechanically openable state; and a threshold device to control the power transmission mechanism so that a mechanical tension rises until a predetermined force threshold is exceeded, whereupon the mechanical tension transforms to an action producing the mechanical power received by the power transmission mechanism.

Abstract: Electromechanical lock and its operation method. The lock includes a power transmission mechanism to receive mechanical power produced by a user of the lock; a generator to produce electric power from the mechanical power; an electronic circuit, powered by the electric power, coupleable with a key, to read data from the key, and to issue an open command provided that the data matches a predetermined criterion; an actuator, powered by the electric power, to receive the open command, and to set the lock in a mechanically openable state; and a threshold device to control the power transmission mechanism so that a mechanical tension rises until a predetermined force threshold is exceeded, whereupon the mechanical tension transforms to an action producing the mechanical power received by the power transmission mechanism.

Abstract: A surface (104) is detected repeatedly be a detector row (102) of at least one detector (100), the direction of the detector row (102) being the same as the surface's (104) primary direction of movement, and simultaneously a distance between the surface (104) and the detector (100) is detected to produce enlargement data and response rows. Successive response rows are arranged into a response matrix, and the direction of at least one curve in the matrix is determined. Translation of the surface (104) is determined in response matrices formed by means of the direction or directions of at least one curve or curve portion on the basis of enlargement data.

Abstract: In a packet radio network a packet data address is activated for a terminal for transmitting data packets between the terminal and an external network. Information on the activated packet data address is stored at least in the edge nodes of the network. To prevent spoofing, i.e., misrepresentation of sender data, the method and network node of the invention comprise checking in the node whether the source address of the packet transmitted from the terminal is the same as the packet data address used in the transmission of the packet or does the source address belong to a set of allowed packet data addresses. The packet is transmitted from the node towards the destination address only if the addresses are identical or the source address belongs to the set of allowed packet data addresses.

Abstract: A surface (104) is detected repeatedly be a detector row (102) of at least one detector (100), the direction of the detector row (102) being the same as the surface's (104) primary direction of movement, and simultaneously a distance between the surface (104) and the detector (100) is detected to produce enlargement data and response rows. Successive response rows are arranged into a response matrix, and the direction of at least one curve in the matrix is determined. Translation of the surface (104) is determined in response matrices formed by means of the direction or directions of at least one curve or curve portion on the basis of enlargement data.

Abstract: An electromechanical lock and its operation method is disclosed. The method includes: reading data from an external source; matching the data against a predetermined criterion; providing a fulcrum provided that the data matches the predetermined criterion; holding the lock by a locking pin, when engaged, in a locked state, and, when disengaged, in a mechanically openable state; and if the fulcrum is provided, levering mechanical power with the fulcrum to the locking pin to mechanically disengage the locking pin.

Abstract: An electromechanical lock, its key, and its operation method are disclosed. The method comprises: during a first (818) and a second (820) insertion phases of a key, conveying (802) mechanical power to an electric generator by a key follower and enabling (810) mechanically operation of an actuator by the key follower; generating (804) electric power from mechanical power by the electric generator; reading (806) data from an external source; matching (808) the data against a predetermined criterion; and during a removal phase (826) of the key, returning (815) the key follower to a starting position and mechanically resetting the actuator to the locked state.

Abstract: Electromechanical lock and its operation method. The lock includes a power transmission mechanism to receive mechanical power produced by a user of the lock; a generator to produce electric power from the mechanical power; an electronic circuit, powered by the electric power, coupleable with a key, to read data from the key, and to issue an open command provided that the data matches a predetermined criterion; an actuator, powered by the electric power, to receive the open command, and to set the lock in a mechanically openable state; and a threshold device to control the power transmission mechanism so that a mechanical tension rises until a predetermined force threshold is exceeded, whereupon the mechanical tension transforms to an action producing the mechanical power received by the power transmission mechanism.

Abstract: In a packet radio network a packet data address is activated for a terminal for transmitting data packets between the terminal and an external network. Information on the activated packet data address is stored at least in the edge nodes of the network. To prevent spoofing, i.e. misrepresentation of sender data, the method and network node of the invention comprise checking (206) in the node whether the source address of the packet transmitted from the terminal is the same as the packet data address used in the transmission of the packet or does the source address belong to a set of allowed packet data addresses. The packet is transmitted (207) from the node towards the destination address only if the addresses are identical or the source address belongs to the set of allowed packet data addresses.

Abstract: In a packet radio network a packet data address is activated for a terminal for transmitting data packets between the terminal and an external network. Information on the activated packet data address is stored at least in the edge nodes of the network. To prevent spoofing, i.e., misrepresentation of sender data, the method and network node of the invention comprise checking in the node whether the source address of the packet transmitted from the terminal is the same as the packet data address used in the transmission of the packet or does the source address belong to a set of allowed packet data addresses. The packet is transmitted from the node towards the destination address only if the addresses are identical or the source address belongs to the set of allowed packet data addresses.

Abstract: The optical element comprises a beam transformer and at least two non-reciprocal components for propagation-direction-dependent polarization operations such that an entrance aperture of the transmission direction, a common two-directional aperture for an exit in the transmission direction and for an entrance in the reception direction, and an exit aperture of the reception direction can be used in the beam transformer. The beam transformer both transmits an optical beam towards an object and receives the reflected optical beam through the common aperture. The beam transformer outputs the received optical beam through the exit aperture of the reception direction different from the entrance aperture of the transmission direction.

Abstract: An improved three-dimensional (3D) measuring apparatus for scanning an object and a measurement head of a measuring apparatus and a method for using the measuring apparatus for scanning an object.

Abstract: The optical element comprises a beam transformer and at least one non-reciprocal component for propagation-direction-dependent polarization operation such that an entrance aperture of the transmission direction, a common two-directional aperture for an exit in the transmission direction and for an entrance in the reception direction, and an exit aperture of the reception direction can be used in the beam transformer. The beam transformer both transmits an optical beam towards an object and receives the reflected optical beam through the common aperture. The beam transformer outputs the received optical beam through the exit aperture of the reception direction different from the entrance aperture of the transmission direction.