Abstract: A base module for a switch-cabinet system, having a plurality of communication units and connection elements for a plurality of functional modules. The connection elements are configured to engage in module-connection elements of functional modules. Each connection element has at least one data connection. Each communication unit is in each case connected to at least one data connection of a connection element. The communication units are connected to one another by a data bus. The base module has a first field-bus connection. The data bus is connected to the first field-bus connection to connect the communication units to a field-bus.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data in an automation network by telegrams, where the automation network comprises a master subscriber, slave subscribers and at least one unlocker, connected to each other via a data-line network. The slave subscribers are divided into segments. The master subscriber sends locked telegrams for processing by the slave subscribers, each having a telegram identifier used to assign a locked telegram to a segment. At least one segment is assigned to at least one unlocker. If the unlocker receives a locked telegram, the unlocker checks, by the telegram identifier in the locked telegram, whether the locked telegram for the assigned segment is intended to release the locked telegram, as an unlocked telegram for processing by the slave subscribers, provided that the locked telegram is intended for the segment assigned to the unlocker.

Abstract: A base module for a control-cabinet system includes a housing with a first housing face and further housing faces, the first housing face having a grid of openings. The housing has connection elements for functional modules, the connection elements each being arranged in the region of the openings of the first housing face, the connection elements comprising data connections, extra-low voltage connections and low-voltage connections. The data connections are interconnected by a data line of the base module and a field-bus connection is provided for the data line, where the data line is arranged within the housing. An extra-low voltage line and a low voltage line are arranged within the housing, where the extra-low voltage line is connected to the extra-low voltage connections and the low voltage line is connected to the low voltage connections.

Abstract: A control-cabinet system includes a base module and a plurality of functional modules. The base module housing has a face with openings, first connection elements and second connection elements. The first connection elements provide data and extra-low voltage connections, and the second connection elements provide low voltage connections. The first connection elements are arranged within the housing, in the area of the openings. The data connections are connected to a data line, the extra-low voltage connections are connected to an extra-low voltage line, and the low voltage connections are connected to a low voltage line. The functional modules each have a housing, an electronic circuit, and a module connection element connected to the electronic circuit. The module housing has a face with an opening. The module connection element comprises a first plug-in element extending through the opening, and adapted to engage the first connection elements of the base module.

Abstract: A method for data communication between subscribers of an automation system includes a first passive subscriber and a second passive subscriber receiving a write request sent by an active subscriber, determining a first transmission time point for transmitting a first reply message by the first passive subscriber, transmitting the first reply message at the first transmission time, and receiving the first reply message. The method also includes determining a second transmission time for transmitting a second reply message by the second passive subscriber, transmitting the second reply message at the second transmission time, receiving the second reply message, and interpreting the first reply message and the second reply message as segments of a data packet.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing time in an Ethernet-based network having a master network subscriber and a slave network subscriber includes sending out a first telegram via the master network subscriber, where the slave subscriber receives the first telegram at a first receipt time value of a local system time and stores the first receipt time value. The method can also include reading out the first receipt time value via the master subscriber, sending out a second telegram by the master subscriber, where the slave subscriber receives the second telegram at a second receipt time value of the local system time and stores the second receipt time value, and reading out the second receipt time value via the master network subscriber. A speed parameter of the local system time can be calculated from the receipt time values via the master network subscriber, and transmitted to the slave subscriber.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating an automation system having a first controller and a second controller and an external data infrastructure with a message-distributing module. The method includes defining a first communication network and identifying the first controller and the second controller as first communication subscribers of the first communication network via the message-distributing module, sending out a first network message via the first controller to the message-distributing module of the external data infrastructure, identifying the second controller as the first communication subscriber of the first communication network addressed via the first controller using the message-distributing module, forwarding the first network message sent out by the first controller to the second controller via the message-distributing module, and receiving the forwarded first network message via the second controller.

Abstract: A method for routing telegrams in an automation network with network subscribers interconnected via a data line network. At least network subscriber is a master subscriber, which sends telegrams to the network subscribers via the data line network. At least one network subscriber is a network distributor having a plurality of input/output ports, where input/output ports to which segments with further network subscribers are connected are designated as end ports. The master subscriber assigns a port address to each end port, and assigns the port address as an identifier to a telegram intended for processing for a segment with further network subscribers. If the network distributor receives a telegram with a port address of an end port of the network distributor as an identifier, the network distributor outputs the telegram directly via the input/output port of the network distributor corresponding to the end port of the port address.

Abstract: A method for processing telegrams in an automation network provides a master subscriber to at least partially encrypt and output telegrams, respectively, to another subscriber. The other subscriber comprises an input port, a receiving logic connected to the input port, a decryption unit connected to the receiving logic, and a processing unit connected to the decryption unit and the receiving logic. The receiving logic is configured, when a telegram at least partially encrypted by the master subscriber is present at the input port, to forward an encrypted portion of the telegram to the decryption unit. The decryption unit is configured to decrypt the encrypted portion of the telegram with a key, and to forward the encrypted portion to the processing unit for processing. If an unencrypted telegram is present at the input port, the receiving logic is configured to forward the unencrypted telegram to the processing unit for processing.

Abstract: A method for detecting network subscribers in an automation network by query telegrams provides that a protocol-network subscriber enters network-subscriber information into a query telegram and sends the query telegram to a subsequent network subscriber. If no subsequent network subscriber is connected to a data line, other than the receiving data line, it sends the query telegram back to the configuration subscriber. A network distributor enters port information on the further input/output ports of the network distributor, to which further data lines are connected into the query telegram, and returns it to the configuration subscriber. The configuration subscriber subsequently generates further query telegrams, each with routing information on the basis of the port information, and sends them to the network distributor.

Abstract: An automation system, comprising a control device for controlling at least one machine, and at least one unmanned aircraft. The control device is designed to control the unmanned aircraft to support an operation of the machine.

Abstract: An industrial robot comprises a modular robot arm having a plurality of arm modules, where a rotation transfer device for optical signal transmission is provided in an arm module or between a first and a second arm module. The rotation transfer device comprises an optomechanical rotation interface having a first interface side and a second interface side, which face each other and are substantially rotationally symmetrical and complementary. The first and second interface sides are configured to rotate relative to each other. The first and second interface sides are mechanically mounted with respect to each other, with a radial plain bearing on one interface side and a slide bearing shell complementary thereto on the other interface side. A gap is formed between the first and second interface sides, in the axial direction of the rotation transfer device, across which the optical signal transmission takes place.

Abstract: An active arm module for the robot arm of a modular industrial robot has a first housing, first and connection sides arranged at an offset, and a drive device. The first connection side is mounted rotatably relative to the first housing, and is connected to the drive device in a torque-locking manner. The second connection side is connected to the first housing in a torque-proof manner, the drive device being arranged in the first housing and configured to rotate the first connection side relative to the first housing. A further module can be connected to the first and/or second connection side, where the first connection side is optically, electrically, power-electrically and/or fluidically connected to the second connection side, and an optical signal, electrical signal, electrical power, and/or a fluid can be exchanged with the further module via the and/or second connection side.

Abstract: A runtime server includes a plurality of simultaneously executing runtime systems, which are configured for real-time execution of a control program for an automation system. At least two of the runtime systems execute application modules of the control program, with at least one module executing an application of the control program being installed on each runtime system. Each runtime system has a data transmission interface for transmitting data between the runtime systems and/or application modules, an I/O configuration which defines an allocation between at least one variable of the application modules and at least one hardware address of a hardware component of the automation system, an I/O interface for data exchange between the runtime systems and hardware components, and an intermediate I/O mapping layer. The I/O configurations are mapped in the intermediate I/O mapping layer.

Abstract: A method is described for operating a communication network with a plurality of subscribers. Data exchange between the subscribers takes place in the form of telegrams, which comprise data sections. The subscribers interpret an end portion of the telegrams as a check value for the absence of errors in preceding data sections. The telegrams are processed in pass-through, so that the telegrams are forwarded to a respective next subscriber while being received. If an error is detected when receiving a telegram, the subscribers send the telegram to the next subscriber with a characterizing data section at the end, so that the telegram has an end portion representing an invalid check value. The telegram is characterized by the characterizing data section, which is part of the end portion, so that the telegram is not to be considered as an initial error but as a subsequent error.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing time in an Ethernet-based network having a master network subscriber, a first segment and a second segment. Each segment has at least one network subscriber. The second segment is connected to the first segment by a first network distributor, arranged in the second segment. The method comprises steps for sending out a synchronization telegram addressed to the second segment by the master network subscriber, the synchronization telegram being of the first type; receiving the synchronization telegram by the first network distributor, for conversion into a second type; forwarding the synchronization telegram to a network distributor of the second segment, by the first network distributor; reading out a synchronization value stored in the synchronization telegram by the first network distributor of the second segment; and adjusting a speed of a local system time of the network distributor of the second segment, using the synchronization value.

Abstract: A receiving logic of a network subscriber can be configured in a first filter setting to forward telegrams having first and second addressing techniques to first and second processing units, with a transmitting logic configured to forward the telegrams to a transmitting port. In a second filter setting, the receiving logic can be configured to duplicate the telegrams and forward to the first and second processing units, with the first processing unit configured to discard telegrams using the second addressing technique and the second processing unit configured to discard telegrams using the first addressing technique. The receiving logic of a third filter setting can be configured to duplicate telegrams and forward to the first and second processing units, with the transmitting logic configured to forward only telegrams using the first addressing technique from the first processing unit, and only telegrams using the second addressing technique from the second processing unit.

Abstract: A network distributor comprises a plurality of input/output ports, a processor unit, and a memory unit. The input/output ports are configured to connect network subscribers via a data line network, where the network subscribers comprise protocol subscribers configured to process telegrams configured as protocol telegrams. The processor unit is configured to receive telegrams via one input/output port and to output telegrams via another input/output port, which is stored in a routing table in the memory unit. The processor unit is further configured to determine whether a telegram is a protocol telegram received via an input/output port for which it is preset that no protocol subscriber is connected, and to discard the telegram if so. Checking and discarding of telegrams can be subject to a precondition, where fulfillment of the precondition leads to an exception from discarding the telegram.

Abstract: A switch-cabinet system comprises a base module with a base housing and at least one functional module with a functional housing. A functional connection element is arranged in the functional housing in the area of a first through-opening on a bottom side of the functional housing. A base connection element is arranged in the base housing in the area of a second through opening on a top side of the base housing. The bottom side of the functional housing rests against the top side of the base housing. The functional and base connection elements engage and form an interface. The system also includes a sealing insert having a frame with a functional section engaging the functional housing and a base section engaging the base housing. The functional section abuts an inner wall of the functional housing. The base section abuts a wall of the base housing defining the second through-opening.

Abstract: An automation network with network subscribers is provided, in which the network subscribers are interconnected via a data line network. At least one network subscriber is configured as a master subscriber, which is adapted to send telegrams via the data line network. At least one network subscriber is configured as a network distributor, which is adapted to route telegrams. The network distributor has a plurality of input/output ports, and is connected to the master subscriber via a first input/output and data line network. The master subscriber is configured to use a telegram element to indicate that the telegram is enabled for processing by the network subscribers. In addition, the network distributor is configured to process a telegram received via the first input/output port when the telegram element indicates enablement of processing of the telegram by the network subscribers.