Abstract: Process for separating triethanolamine continuously by distillation from a mixture of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine together with ethanolamine ethers and water obtained by reaction of ammonia with ethylene oxide in the liquid phase under superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperature, in which the mixture is distilled in two stages. The low-boiling fraction and the high-boiling fraction are taken off and discharged in the first stage and the intermediate-boiling fraction comprising >99.4% by weight of triethanolamine and <0.2% by weight of diethanolamine is distilled in the second stage. The distillation of the mixture is preferably carried out in a first column and a second column connected to this or in a dividing wall column.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. This apparatus is constructed partly or entirely of substantially zirconium-free materials. The extractant employed is a liquid of the general formula I where the radicals R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R1 and R2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R3 is hydrogen or a C1–C4-alkyl group. The apparatus has a synthesis reactor (6), a hydrolysis reactor (1), three distillation devices (2,4,5) and an extraction device (3).

Abstract: Process for separating triethanolamine continuously by distillation from a mixture of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine together with ethanolamine ethers and water obtained by reaction of ammonia with ethylene oxide in the liquid phase under superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperature, in which the mixture is distilled in two stages. The low-boiling fraction and the high-boiling fraction are taken off and discharged in the first stage and the intermediate-boiling fraction comprising >99.4% by weight of triethanolamine and <0.2% by weight of diethanolamine is distilled in the second stage. The distillation of the mixture is preferably carried out in a first column and a second column connected to this or in a dividing wall column.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to obviate the need for rubber hoses or other flexible rubber compensation elements, which prevent the transmission of vibrations to the vehicle body. To achieve this, the pipelines of an air conditioning system including their pipe couplings (42-45) are configured entirely of metal with an external diameter, in relation to the compressor, of less than 11 mm on the discharge side and less than 13 mm on the suction side. A damping curvature (35, 36) is also configured in the pipelines (6?, 12?) that connect the compressor to a heat exchanger, in addition to at least one curvature (37-40) required by the installation geometry of the conduit system. The system is also equipped with a pipeline, designed to restrict the flow of operating fluid, said pipeline being configured as a particularly thin pipe with an internal diameter of capillary-tube type proportions, designed to restrict the flow and an external diameter ranging between 2 and 4 mm.

Abstract: A description is given of a process for preparing methyl formate by reacting excess methanol with carbon monoxide under superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of alkali metal methoxide or alkaline earth metal methoxide as catalyst in a pressure-rated reactor, in which the use of at least two reactor elements, preferably operated in countercurrent, at about 100° C. and a pressure of about 100 bar in combination with a solids-free desalting of the reaction product makes possible very economical, largely trouble-free production of methyl formate in any desired quality and with a very good production capacity. Furthermore, the process for solids-free desalting and apparatuses for carrying out this process are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid, in which firstly aqueous formic acid is prepared by hydrolysis of methyl formate and is freed from water in the subsequent work-up. The process has the special feature that steam, which is employed for the hydrolysis of methyl formate and for heating a distillation column serving for work-up, is also used as stripping steam for waste-water stripping. The stripped waste water is produced during work-up.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid, in which firstly aqueous formic acid is produced by hydrolysis of methyl formate, with the methanol content in the methyl formate having been reduced in advance. The process according to the invention has the special feature that—before the hydrolysis of the methyl formate—the methanol content of the methanol-containing methyl formate is reduced in a distillation column, this distillation column simultaneously being employed for other separation functions during work-up of the formic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid in which, during the work-up, a compound of the general formula I where the radicals R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R1 and R2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C4-alkyl group, is employed simultaneously as extractant for formic acid and as antifoam for a distillation process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. The process has the special feature that a liquid of the general formula I where the radicals R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl groups, or R1 and R2 jointly, together with the N atom, form a heterocyclic 5- or 6-membered ring, and only one of the radicals is an aryl group, and where R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C4-alkyl group, employed as extractant is also employed as washing liquid for the offgases produced in the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid. This apparatus is constructed partly or entirely of substantially zirconium-free materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid, in which firstly aqueous formic acid is prepared by hydrolysis of methyl formate and is freed from water in the subsequent work-up. The process has the special feature that steam, which is employed for the hydrolysis of methyl formate and for heating a distillation column serving for work-up, is also used as stripping steam for waste-water stripping. The stripped waste water is produced during work-up.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid, in which firstly aqueous formic acid is produced by hydrolysis of methyl formate, with the methanol content in the methyl formate having been reduced in advance. The process according to the invention has the special feature that—before the hydrolysis of the methyl formate—the methanol content of the methanol-containing methyl formate is reduced in a distillation column, this distillation column simultaneously being employed for other separation functions during work-up of the formic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining anhydrous or substantially anhydrous formic acid in which, during the work-up, a compound of the general formula I 1

Abstract: A process for producing mixtures of mono-, di- and triethanol-amine by reacting ammonia and ethylene oxide in a cooled tubular reactor at temperatures from 110.degree. to 160.degree. C. and pressures from 50 to 120 bar comprises using ammonia and ethylene oxide in a molar ratio from 1:1 to 100:1 and ammonia in the form of a from 60 to 99.99% strength aqueous solution and adding from 1 to 80% of the ethylene oxide in from one to ten aliquots over from 10 to 70% of the total length of the tubular reactor.

Abstract: A parking system for automatically parking motor vehicles comprises at least two parking levels (P1, P2) disposed above each other which are served by lifting units (20-23). Each parking level includes parking rows (Z1-Z12) and parking columns (Ra-RK) perpendicular thereto, in which horizontal shifting of the automobiles (40) on pallets (41) is performed fully automatically under control by a computer. The parking rows (Z1-Z12) are arranged in parallel in x-direction and the parking columns (RA-RK) are arranged in y-direction transversely to the entrance zone (EZ) and to an exit zone (AZ). In the entrance row (Z3) and in the exit row (Z10) a lifting unit (29, 21) is respectively provided for each parking column (RA-RK). The pallets of all columns are movable at the parking level (P1) including the entrance zone (EZ) and the exit zone (AZ) in the direction (x) of all of the columns and in at least one row (Z9) in the direction (y) transversely thereto.

Abstract: A parking system for automatically parking automobiles comprises at least two parking levels (P1, P2) disposed above each other which are served by lifting units (20-23). Each parking level includes parking rows (Z1-Z12) and parking columns (Ra-RK) perpendicular thereto, in which horizontal shifting of the automobiles (40) on pallets (41) is performed fully automatically under control by a computer. The parking rows (Z1-Z12) are arranged in parallel in x-direction and the parking columns (RA-RK) are arranged in y-direction transversely to the entrance zone (EZ) and to an exit zone (AZ). In the entrance row (Z3) and in the exit row (Z1) a lifting unit (20, 21) is respectively provided for each parking column (RA-RK). The pallets of all columns are movable at the parking level (P1) including the entrance zone (EZ) and the exit zone (AZ) in the direction (x) of all of the columns and in at least one row (Z9) in the direction (y) transversely thereto.

Abstract: In preparing or reacting alkanolamines, especially at high temperatures, the use of substantially nickel-free alloy steels prevents corrosion and discoloration.

Abstract: A needle for use in a sewing machine having a one-way needle clamp, in which the needle is formed with a shank having a minor portion adjacent the free extremity which cooperates with the one-way needle clamp to properly orient the sewing needle, and a major portion extending between the minor portion and the blade which includes a reference surface for locating the blade with respect to the sewing machine looptaker.

Abstract: Process for the production of boron-containing nickel-aluminum oxide catalysts. Solutions containing nickel and aluminum are reacted with aqueous sodium borohydride. Precipitation occurs, followed by drying and compressing the resultant precipitate into catalyst shapes. The precipitation may occur in the presence of metallic promoter salts. The catalysts are used for the methanization of carbon monoxide by hydrogen. Good results and long catalyst life are furthered by methanizing a mixture of H.sub.2 :CO of about 3:1 by volume, at an operating pressure between about 40-45 bar, and a spatial velocity between about 2.times.10.sup.4 to 10.sup.5 h.sup.-1.