Abstract: Betaine group-containing polysaccharides with recurring anhydroglucose units of the average, general formula ##STR1## are disclosed. In this formula the R.sup.1 groups are the same or different and represent methyl, ##STR2## in which n=2 or 3, m=0 to 10, p=0 to 10 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or the betaine group ##STR3## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and represent an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.5 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least 0.5% of the R.sup.1 groups in the polysaccharide molecule represent the betaine group.Also disclosed is a method for the synthesis of these compounds and their use in cosmetic preparations, expecially for the care of the hair. In addition, novel compounds of the general formula ##STR4## are disclosed as intermediates in which the substituents R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the above meaning.

Abstract: A process of preparing rigid polyurethane foams is disclosed, wherein polysiloxane polyoxyalkylene block copolymers which have at least one aminofunctional group of the general formula, ##STR1## which is linked to a silicon atom, are used in an amount of 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on the polyol or the prepolymer having isocyanate groups, to provide polyurethane foams, which otherwise contain closed cells, with at least partially open the cells.

Abstract: Betaine group-containing polysaccharides with recurring anhydroglucose units of the average, general formula ##STR1## are disclosed. In this formula the R.sup.1 groups are the same or different and represent methyl, (C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.m R.sup.2 or ##STR2## in which n=2 or 3, m=0 to 10, p=0 to 10 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or the betaine group ##STR3## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and represent an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.5 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least 0.5% of the R.sup.1 groups in the polysaccharide molecule represent the betaine group.Also disclosed is a method for the synthesis of these compounds and their use in cosmetic preparations, especially for the care of the hair. In addition, novel compounds of the general formula ##STR4## are disclosed as intermediates in which the substituents R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the above meaning.

Abstract: A method and composition are disclosed for the preparation of polyurethane and polyurea molded articles, particularly according to the RIM method, in which liquid polybutadiene with an average molecular weight of 1,500 to 6,000 is used as an internal release agent in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the reaction formulation. The release agent is highly effective and demolded products which contain this release agent can be painted over without formation of surface defects.

Abstract: In a method for the preparation of highly elastic, cold curing polyurethane foams, equilibrated organofunctional polysiloxanes of the average general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is methyl or R.sup.2,R.sup.2 is chloropropyl,n has a value of 0 to 12,m has a value of 1 to 8 when R.sup.1 is methyl and a value of 0 to 6 when R.sup.1 is chloropropyl,are added in amounts of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, based on the polyols, to the reaction batch.The stabilizing properties of the organofunctional polysiloxanes are superior to those of the known products. The foams, produced pursuant to the invention, have a coarser cell structure and a higher elasticity. The foams are more open-celled as measured by the impression force.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of molded polyurethane or polyurea articles, especially by the RIM process, internal release agents of the general formula ##STR1## are used. In this formula R.sup.1 =is alkyl with 20 to 40 carbon atoms,R.sup.2 =is R.sup.1 or methyl,R.sup.3 =is --(CH.sub.2).sub.s -- or --[(CH.sub.2).sub.t --].sub.r (OC.sub.2 H.sub.4).sub.x --(OC.sub.3 H.sub.6).sub.y --whereins=3 to 12,t=3 to 12,r=0 or 1,x=0 to 10,y=0 to 10,and the sum of x+y is not less than 1,n=0 to 50,m=2 to 100, m being greater than n,p=0 to 5,with the proviso that the siloxane has a melting point of not less than 38.degree. C.The compounds are finely dispersed with an average particle size of not less than 5 to 100.mu. in amounts of 0.5 to 5 weight percent, based on the reaction formulation. The release agents are preferably suspended in a portion of the polyol or polyolamine that is to be foamed.

Abstract: Betain group-containing derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose are disclosed. They are characterized in that all or a portion of the carboxymethyl groups are or is replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl group,R.sup.2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.5 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms,with the proviso that, on the average, at least 0.1 betaine groups are contained for each anhydroglucose unit of the polymeric molecule.Also, a method for the synthesis of these compounds and their use in cosmetic preparations, especially for the care of hair, are disclosed. In addition, novel derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose with tertiary amino groups are taught as intermediates. In these derivatives, all or a portion of these groups are or is replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.

Abstract: Derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose are disclosed in which all or a portion of the carboxymethyl groups are replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or methyl group,R.sup.2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.5 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl group,X is a halogen or sulfate group or a sulfonic acid group,with the proviso that, on the average, at least 0.1 quaternary ammonium groups are contained per anhydroglucose unit of the polymeric molecule.The invention furthermore relates to derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose, in which all or a portion of the carboxymethyl groups are replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the above meaning, with the proviso that, on the average, at least 0.

Abstract: Phosphobetaines of the general formula ##STR1## are disclosed in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with OH groups, or the ##STR2## group, in which R.sup.6 is a divalent alkylene group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with OH group,R.sup.2 is a divalent hydrocarbon group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the chain of which may be interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms,R.sup.1, R.sup.5 are the same or different and represent alkyl or benzyl groups andR.sup.4 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms.Also disclosed is the synthesis of these compounds and their use as surface active substances, preferably for the treatment of polar surfaces in the industrial area.

Abstract: An organic phase which comprises a water-insoluble material to be encapsulated, a capsule-forming or matrix-forming monomer or prepolymer and, should this be desirable, a solvent, is dispersed in droplet form in an aqueous phase. The capsule-forming or matrix-forming monomer or prepolymer forms a sheath around the material to be encapsulated. As a capsule-forming or matrix-forming monomer, an organosilicon compound of the general formula ##STR1## is used, wherein R.sup.1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, n-functional hydrocarbon moiety, which may be interrupted by groups containing oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and represent a hydrocarbon moiety with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or X; X is a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group and n is a whole number greater than or equal to 1, with the proviso that, when n=1, R.sup.1 has at least 12 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent X or a prepolymer hereof.

Abstract: Process for producing molded polyurethane parts using as internal release agents, compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in amounts of 0.5 to 10 weight percent, based on the reaction formulation, in which at least one R.sup.2 radical in the average molecule represents ##STR2## R.sup.3 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 2 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 are univalent hydrocarbon radicals or together are part of a morpholine or a piperazine ring. The molded polyurethane parts can be removed from the mold using significantly lower tensional forces without residues being built up on the mold.

Abstract: Process for producing molded polyurethane parts using as internal release agents, compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in amounts of 0.5 to 10 weight percent, based on the reaction formulation, in which at least one R.sup.2 radical in the average molecule represents ##STR2## R.sup.3 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 2 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 are univalent hydrocarbon radicals or together are part of a morpholine or a piperazine ring. The molded polyurethane parts can be removed from the mold using significantly lower tensional forces without residues being built up on the mold.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of copolymers of the average formula ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen radical;n=10 to 200;m=1 to 25;o=1 to 100 with the proviso that o is not less than m, and 3 o is less than n in the average molecule;p=7 to 17; andwherein the molecular weight of the (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O--).sub.x (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O--).sub.y R radical is 250 to 2,000 with x and y being selected so that the weight ratio of oxyethylene to oxypropylene is 100:0 to 20:80, as emulsifiers for the preparation of W/O emulsions, whose oily phase consists of or contains silicone oil.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing of molded objects by hot-pressing lignocellulose-containing materials with polyisocyanates as binders while using an agent to release the molded article from the surface of the metal press used. A mixture of the organosilicon compounds is applied onto the surface of the cauls or molds which faces the material to be pressed, and cured at a temperature from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C., preferably in the presence of known curing catalysts. The mixture of organosilicon compounds comprising(a) 20 to 65 weight percent of a silicone resin of the general formula ##EQU1## in which R.sup.1 is a low molecular weight alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,a has a value of 1 to 1.7,b has a value of 0.3 to 1.0;(b) 30 to 65 weight percent of an .alpha.,.omega.-methylsiloxanediol with an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000;(c) 5 to 15 weight percent of a silicate ester of the general formula ##EQU2## in which R.sup.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams using polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers as stabilizers having the general formula: ##STR1## in which A represents A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 polyoxyalkylene blocks, as defined hereinafter, which are linked to silicon over carbon and which have the general formula --R.sup.2 --O--(C.sub.x H.sub.2x O--).sub.y R.sup.3, R.sup.2 being a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 2 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.3, x and y are as defined hereinafter,B is a methyl radical, the A or R.sup.1 radical,R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl or an alkaryl radical,n has a value of 30 to 200,m has a value of 3 to 20 when B is a methyl radical or corresponds to the R.sup.1 radical, and a value of 1 to 18 when B corresponds to the A radical,o has a value of 0 to 40, n being not less than 5 m, and m and o being not greater than 1/3 n,with the proviso that(a) the A.sup.

Abstract: Organopolysiloxanes that have betaine groups and are of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 can represent the same or different groups in the molecule and may be an alkyl radical with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl radical or a polyoxyalkylene radical with the proviso that at least 70% of the R.sup.1 radicals are methyl radicals,R.sup.2 may be the same as R.sup.1, with the proviso that at least one R.sup.2 radical represents the ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are different, one radical representing a hydroxyl group, and the other the ##STR3## in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and represent an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical, and n=1, 2, or 3,x has a value of 0 to 200, andy has a value of 1 to 50,as well as processes for their synthesis and their use in cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: Organopolysiloxanes that have betaine groups and the following general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 can represent the same or different groups in the molecule and may be an alkyl radical with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl radical or a polyoxyalkylene radical with the proviso that at least 70% of the R.sup.1 radicals are methyl radicals,R.sup.2 may be the same as R.sup.1, with the proviso that at least one R.sup.2 radical represents ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is a divalent alkylene radical with 2 to 12 carbon atoms,R.sup.4 is a divalent alkylene radical with 2 to 6 carbon atoms,R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and represent an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical, andn=1, 2, or 3,x has a value of 0 to 200, andy has a value of 1 to 50, as well as processes for their synthesis and their use in cosmetic preparations, especially in hair care products.

Abstract: In a process of the preparation of flexible polyester urethane foams by reacting polyester polyols having at least two hydroxyl groups in the molecule with at least difunctional polyisocyanates in the presence of water, optionally of physical blowing agents, catalysts, stabilizers and optionally of other conventional additives, the following two components are added for catalysis in the form of a mixture to the reaction formulation in the amounts given (which are based on the polyester polyol):(a) 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent of N,N'-dimethylpiperazine,(b) 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent of a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymer of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a polyoxyalkylene radical of the general formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 O(C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.n R.sup.2in whichR.sup.2 is an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms;m=2 or 3, the average value of m being 2 to 2.5:n=a whole number corresponding to a molecular weight for the R.sup.

Abstract: In a process for producing rigid polyurethane foams, polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers having the formula ##STR1## are used, in which A represents polyoxyalkylene blocks A.sup.1 or A.sup.2 having the formula --R.sup.2 --O--(C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.y R.sup.1, which are linked to silicon by an SiC bond and in which R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a bridging group, y is a whole number, and m has a value of 2.0 to 2.6, with the proviso that:a. the A.sup.1 blocks comprise 70 to 100 weight percent oxyethylene units, the remainder being oxypropylene units, and have a molecular weight from about 250 to 1,000,b. the A.sup.2 blocks comprise 35 to 65 weight percent oxyethylene units, the remainder being oxypropylene units, and have a molecular weight from about 600 to 1,500,c. the molar ratio of the A.sup.1 block to the A.sup.2 blocks is 85:15 to 15:85 and there is at least one block of A.sup.1 and block of A.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of highly resilient, cold-curing polyurethane foams with the distinctive feature that polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers with the following characteristics are used as foam stabilizers:(a) the polysiloxane block is linear or branched and contains an average of 4 to 25 silicon atoms, wherein the organic radicals linked to the silicon atoms are polyoxyalkylene or methyl radicals and up to 30% of the methyl radicals can be replaced by substituted alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and/or phenyl radicals, and mixtures thereof;(b) the polyoxyalkylene portion consists of at least two polyoxyalkylene blocks, A.sub.1 and A.sub.2, which are formed from oxyethylene and oxypropylene units, wherein block A.sub.1 is formed from 45 to 100 mole percent of oxyethylene units and 55 to 0 mole percent of oxypropylene units and block A.sub.