Abstract: A microspheric ionomer having a cross-linked structure, a preparation method therefor, applications thereof, and a preparation system thereof. The ionomer comprises structure units A represented by formula (1), structure units B represented by formula (2), and a cross-linking structure provided by a cross-linking agent, M being separately selected from H, a metal cation, and a straight chain, a saturated alkyl of branched or ring-shaped C1-C20, R being H or a methyl; and metal cations are introduced to part of structure units A in the ionomer. The ionomer shows an outstanding effect on nucleation of PET, serves as a nucleating agent for PET modification, so as to obtain a corresponding PET composition.

Abstract: A method for protecting a power system having inverter-interfaced renewable energy sources is provided. The power system includes an inverter and a control system. The control system includes a current controller including a saturation limiter and a proportional and integral (PI) controller, a phase-locked system, and a low-voltage ride-through (LVRT)control unit. The method includes: by using a Park transformation matrix, determining an output voltage of the inverter; determining a modulated voltage of the output voltage; upon detecting a grid fault, obtaining current references by the LVRT control unit; determining a fault current in a first stage of a transient phase of the grid fault; determining a fault current in a second stage of the transient phase; determining a fault current in a third stage of the transient phase; and switching the control system to a fault control mode by tracking the fault currents in the first, second and third stages, to the current references.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for AI-ML model storage and transfer in the wireless network. In one novel aspect, the AI-ML model is stored at the AI server and transferred through the user plane (UP). In one embodiment, UE downloads the AI-ML model from the AI server through the UP connection. In one embodiment, the AI-ML model is updated at the RAN node, and the UE downloads the AI-ML model through the AI server. In another embodiment, the AI-ML model is updated at the UE, and the UE uploads the AI-ML model to the AI server through the UP connection. In another embodiment, the UE uploads the AI-ML model to the RAN through the AI server. In one embodiment, the UE mobility triggers the AI-ML model transfer. In one novel aspect, the AI dataset is shared and transferred among different entities through the UP connection or a new AI plane.

Abstract: This invention presents methods leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models to enhance wireless communications efficiency in 5G/6G networks. The processes involve storing, configuring, and transferring AI/ML models within base stations and user equipment devices (UE), allowing for localized decision-making and improved network performance. Features include dynamic model activation/deactivation, model compression/decompression, and encoding/decoding method negotiation. Periodic or condition-driven model updates ensure responsiveness to network changes, while model replacements enable upgrades and iterations. The system facilitates seamless handovers between base stations, with information sharing about model capabilities and UE specifics. Model storage and configuration can also occur in the UE, empowering it for local decision-making in variable or challenging network conditions.

Abstract: Signaling resource overhead associated with current communication link adaptation mechanisms can be quite large and such mechanisms typically rely upon a channel state information (CSI) feedback process that can result in poor scheduling performance. Embodiments are disclosed in which a first device channel state information characterizing a wireless communication channel between the first device and a second device, and trains a machine learning (ML) module of the first device using the CSI as an ML module input and one or more modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameters as an ML module output to satisfy a training target. By applying the concepts disclosed herein, overhead associated with feedback for MCS selection may be reduced compared to conventional link adaptation procedures, because, once ML modules at a pair of devices have been trained, the MCS selection by the ML modules can be done without requiring the ongoing feedback of CSI.

Abstract: A projection device includes a housing and a light engine, a circuit board, and a fan that are arranged in the housing. The bottom wall of the housing is provided with an air inlet hole facing the light engine and an air outlet hole. A first gap is formed between a bottom side of the light engine and the bottom wall of the housing, and in communication with the air inlet hole. The circuit board is arranged on a top side of the light engine. A second gap is formed between the circuit board and the light engine, and in communication with the air inlet hole. The fan is configured to drive cooling airflow entering the housing from the air inlet hole to respectively flow through the first gap and the second gap and then flow towards the first radiator, and to be discharged from the air outlet hole.

Abstract: Methods of data handling for one or more protocol layers in a node of a communications system are described. For example, the methods comprise a first set of functions using destination information of a packet and a second set of functions using flow identifier information of a packet, and encompass routing the packet to one or more peer nodes according to an indicated destination of the packet.

Abstract: A method for operating a radio link control (RLC) entity of a communication equipment includes the RLC entity being configured for receiving data over a plurality of logical channels, the RLC entity receiving RLC protocol data units (PDUs) generated by a plurality of transmitting RLC entities over a plurality of logical channels, generating RLC service data units (SDUs) from the RLC PDUs, and delivering the RLC SDUs to an upper layer.

Abstract: A method includes receiving cell reselection information from a radio access network device. The cell reselection information includes an identifier of at least one carrier frequency, an identifier of a network slice supported by each of the at least one carrier frequency, and priority information corresponding to the identifier of the network slice that is information of a specific service type of the network slice or a network slice set identifier corresponding to the network slice. The method further includes in response to the terminal device performing cell reselection, selecting a cell on a carrier frequency of the network slice supported by the terminal device as a reselected to-be-camped cell based on the identifier of the at least one carrier frequency, the identifier of the network slice supported by each of the at least one carrier frequency, and priority information corresponding to the identifier of the network slice.

Abstract: A service data transmission method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: obtaining, by an information control center, first information from a service server, where the first information includes service information and/or application information; obtaining, by the information control center, second information from user equipment, where the second information includes at least one of service information, mobility information, behavior information, and status information of the user equipment; and controlling, by the information control center, transmission of service data of the user equipment based on the first information and/or the second information. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, transmission of the service data can be controlled based on specific information that is about the service data and that is obtained by the information control center, and different transmission quality is provided for different types of service data.

Abstract: A method implemented by a user equipment (UE) includes sending, by the UE to a source access node, a message including a relay UE information report comprising information associated with at least one UE detectable by the UE; participating, by the UE with the source access node, in a handover initiation; detaching, by the UE, from the source access node; synchronizing, by the UE with the at least one UE, the at least one UE operating as a relay UE for communication between the UE and a target access node over a sidelink connection; and participating, by the UE with the at least one UE, in a handover completion.

Abstract: A method implemented by a first user equipment (UE) includes receiving, by the first UE from a second UE, a first sidelink message including a UE to network relay setup request to setup a sidelink between the first UE and the second UE; sending, by the first UE to an access node, a relay UE setup request; receiving, by the first UE from the access node, a relay UE setup response; and sending, by the first UE to the second UE, a second sidelink message including a UE to network relay setup response.

Abstract: A cell reselection method includes generating, by a radio access network device, cell reselection information, wherein the cell reselection information includes an identifier of at least one carrier frequency and an identifier of a network slice supported by each of the at least one carrier frequency. The cell reselection method further includes sending, by the radio access network device, the cell reselection information to a terminal device, wherein the cell reselection information is useable by the terminal device for cell reselection.

Abstract: An embodiment of this application provides a communications method. The method includes: generating, by an first base station, a radio resource control release message on which encryption and integrity protection are performed by using a new key; and sending, by the first base station, the radio resource control release message to a second base station, thereby improving security of communication between the serving device and the terminal and reducing signaling overheads for performing key negotiation over an air interface.

Abstract: Disclosed are measurement method and device, information interchange method and device and residence method and device. The measurement method includes configuring measurement configuration information about a UE and sending same, the measurement configuration information including a measurement report trigger condition for a reference cell, so that the UE reports a measurement result when satisfying the measurement report trigger condition. The information interchange method includes interchanging discontinuous data transmission parameter configuration information with a fourth base station, so that a base station side executes scheduling and/or mobility management on a user equipment. The residence method includes sending indication information to a UE, the indication information being used for indicating whether the UE can reside in this cell or not, an object of the UE that can be resident, an object of the UE that cannot be resident, and at least one of the size and type of the cell.

Abstract: A method for mapping quality of service (QoS) flows to data radio bearers includes determining a cumulative data volume of a first QoS flow; and determining that the cumulative data volume of the first QoS flow meets a specified data threshold, and based thereon: mapping the first QoS flow to a first data radio bearer, where a maximum data volume of the first data radio bearer is less than a maximum data volume of the first QoS flow; and transmitting a packet of the first QoS flow over the first data radio bearer.

Abstract: A communication method, a base station, a radio communication node, and a user equipment are provided. A base station determines first resource configuration information, where the first resource configuration information is used for indicating N radio resource sets that are used when N radio communication nodes separately perform communication with a user equipment UE, and the radio resource includes a time domain resource and/or a frequency domain resource. The base station sends the first resource configuration information to the UE, where the UE communicates with a corresponding transmission point by using respective radio resource sets of transmission points, and the respective radio resource sets of the transmission points do not intersect. Therefore, a base station does not need to schedule a radio resource, thereby lowering a delay requirement on a backhaul link and eliminating interference.

Abstract: A tunnel establishment method and apparatus are provided. A type of a tunnel established for each service of a terminal may be the same or different, given an entity for executing a solution remains the same. A first tunnel and a second tunnel is established for a current service of the terminal, or a third tunnel is established for a next service of the terminal. According to the application, the congestion is eased in a backbone network between a secondary access network node and a primary access network node. Alternatively, the provided method and apparatus avoid using a directly connected tunnel as a tunnel established between the secondary access network node and a core network user plane node when a core network control plane node needs to receive and send too much path switching signaling.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method, an apparatus, and a system, to improve communication efficiency. One method includes: sending, by an access network node to a terminal device, indication information indicating to transmit a quality of service (QoS) flow by using a bearer, wherein a protocol stack corresponding to the bearer supports transmission of the QoS flow through a first path, wherein the first path passes through one of (1) a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer of a master node and a protocol layer below an SDAP layer of a secondary node, or (2) an SDAP layer of the secondary node and a protocol layer below an SDAP layer of the master node; and transmitting, by the access network node, the QoS flow by using the first bearer.

Abstract: A data transmission, by a terminal device, is described that improves data transmission efficiency while ensuring a transmission latency. The data transmission method includes sending a first transport block to a radio access device for X times by using a shared resource that is configured by the radio access device for at least one terminal, where the terminal is one of the at least one terminal, and X>0. The method further includes determining a dedicated resource allocated by the radio access device to the terminal, and sending the first transport block to the radio access device for Y times by using a target resource. The target resource includes the dedicated resource, and Y?0.