Abstract: An apparatus includes a bootstrap capacitor refresh pulse generation circuit configured to generate a refresh pulse to turn on a low-side switch of a power converter once an off-time of the low-side switch exceeds a predetermined threshold, and a logic gate configured to receive the refresh pulse and a low-side pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, and generate a drive signal applied to a gate of the low-side switch of the power converter.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a primary controller coupled to a primary circuit, a secondary controller coupled to a secondary circuit and configured to detect a load condition, wherein the secondary controller is configured to in response to detecting a load disconnection, pull down a secondary feedback node for a first predetermined time to signal the primary controller to reduce bias power, and then configure the secondary feedback node as a high impedance node, and in response to detecting a load reconnection, pull down the secondary feedback node for a second predetermined time to wake the primary controller, and wherein the primary controller is configured to detect whether a voltage on the primary feedback node falls below a threshold for at least a third predetermined time, and in response thereto, disable a feedback control loop of the isolated power converter to enter a sleep state.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a clock generator configured to generate a set signal fed into a set input of a latch, an error amplifier configured to generate a COMP signal, an offset generator configured to generate different offset voltages, and a comparator configured to generate a reset signal fed into a reset input of the latch, wherein a non-inverting input of the comparator is configured to receive a signal equal to a sum of a current sense signal and a slope compensation signal, and wherein the current sense signal is equal to a current flowing through a power converter times an adjustable gain, and an inverting input of the comparator is configured to receive an error signal, and wherein the error signal is equal to the COMP signal minus an offset voltage generated by the offset generator.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a secondary controller coupled to a secondary circuit of a power conversion system, and a primary controller coupled to a primary circuit of the power conversion system, the primary controller being coupled to the secondary controller through an isolation interface, wherein the secondary controller is configured to detect whether a load is coupled to the power conversion system, in response to the load being disconnected from the power conversion system, communicate with the primary controller through pulling down a secondary feedback node in the secondary circuit and a primary feedback node in the primary circuit for a first predetermined time, provide a high impedance at the secondary feedback node to reduce power consumption, and in response to the load being reconnected to the power conversion system, communicate with the primary controller through pulling down the secondary feedback node in the secondary circuit for a second predetermined time.

Abstract: A control circuit is coupled to a power converter having an input voltage VIN and an output voltage VOUT. The control circuit includes a capacitor connected between a current source and a ground. The current source is configured to charge the capacitor with a current ?VIN or ?(VIN?VOUT) when a pulse width modulate (PWM) signal of a PWM controller of the power converter is high, and to discharge the capacitor with a current ?(?VOUT) or ?(VIN?VOUT) when the PWM signal is low. ? is a pre-configured constant. The control circuit is configured to trigger the PWM controller to skip pulses when a voltage across the capacitor decreases to be less than a threshold before a present switching cycle of the power converter ends.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a secondary controller coupled to a secondary circuit of a power conversion system, and a primary controller coupled to a primary circuit of the power conversion system, the primary controller being coupled to the secondary controller through an isolation interface, wherein the secondary controller is configured to detect whether a load is coupled to the power conversion system, in response to the load being disconnected from the power conversion system, communicate with the primary controller through pulling down a secondary feedback node in the secondary circuit and a primary feedback node in the primary circuit for a first predetermined time, provide a high impedance at the secondary feedback node to reduce power consumption, and in response to the load being reconnected to the power conversion system, communicate with the primary controller through pulling down the secondary feedback node in the secondary circuit for a second predetermined time.

Abstract: An AC-to-DC converter adapted to receive an AC input voltage includes an energy storage element, a plurality of SCRs, and a first control unit. The energy storage element is a supercapacitor or a lithium-ion capacitor. The SCRs are electrically connected to each other to form a full-bridge rectifier that is disposed to receive the AC input voltage, and are electrically connected to the energy storage element. The SCRs are configured to receive a control signal, and to be controlled to switch between a conducting state and a non-conducting state based on the control signal so as to convert the AC input voltage into a DC output voltage. The first control unit is configured to generate the control signal based on the AC input voltage and the DC output voltage in a manner that causes the DC output voltage to be at a predetermined voltage magnitude.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell includes a cation exchange membrane, a cathode compartment, and an anode compartment. The cathode compartment includes a gas diffusion electrode and a flow channel element, in which the flow channel element is between the cation exchange membrane and the gas diffusion electrode, and has a plurality of flow channels arranged in parallel with each other. The anode compartment includes an anode mesh, in which the cation exchange membrane is between the anode mesh and the flow channel element. A distance between the anode mesh and the gas diffusion electrode is substantially equal to the sum of a first thickness of the cation exchange membrane and a second thickness of the flow channel element. The novel electrolytic cell can combine with a chloralkali electrolytic cell to deal with gaseous CO2 and produce products, e.g., synthesis gas, for other purposes.

Abstract: A driving device and a driving method for an electric assisted bicycle are provided. The driving device includes a motor, a rotation speed sensor, a torque sensor and a controller. The rotation speed sensor senses a rotation speed value of a crank or a chainring of the electric assisted bicycle. The torque sensor obtains an average torque value applied by the crank to the chainring of the electric assisted bicycle. The controller controls an output of the motor in response to the rotation speed value and the average torque value.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved noise separation hybrid type ANC system, which includes a reference audio receiving device, an error audio receiving device, an audio output device, and an audio processing device. The audio processing device includes a feed-forward noise cancellation filter module, a feedback noise cancellation filter module, a mixer, a noise shaper, a first infinite impulse response filter, and a second infinite impulse response filter. When the noise bandwidth detector detects irregular noise, it adjusts the coefficient of the first infinite impulse response filter to set it as a low-pass filter; when regular noise is detected, the coefficient of the second infinite impulse response filter is adjusted to set it as a band-pass filter.

Abstract: A biquad hybrid active noise cancellation (ANC) device includes a reference microphone (MIC), an error MiC, a speaker, and a controller. The controller is connected to the reference MiC, the error MiC, and the speaker, wherein the controller includes a feedforward biquad ANC filter, a feedback biquad ANC filter, and a mixer, the feedforward biquad ANC filter processes reference noise to generate a feedforward noise control signal, the feedback biquad ANC filter processes residual noise received by the error MiC to generate a feedback noise control signal, and the feedforward noise control signal generated by the feedforward biquad ANC filter and the feedback noise control signal generated by the feedback biquad ANC filter are added by the mixer and transmits to the speaker for playing.

Abstract: A power converter and control circuit are provided. The control circuit has a power controller for turning on the power switch to maintain a desired output voltage and mode selection switch provides a mode selection signal. Depending on the magnitude of an input voltage of the power converter, in which the mode selection circuit compares the input voltage of the power converter with a reference voltage, a modulation controller is configured to turn on a modulation switch to activate the capacitor according to the mode selection signal.

Abstract: A noise control system comprises a feedforward module, a feedback module, an error pre-processing module, and a signal integrating module. The feedforward module is configured to receive a reference signal and output a feedforward anti-noise signal by performing feedforward processing to the reference signal. The feedback module is configured to receive an error signal and output a feedback anti-noise signal by performing feedback processing to the error signal. The error pre-processing module is configured to receive the error signal and output a first pre-processing signal to the feedforward module and a second pre-processing signal to the feedback module. The signal integrating module is configured to output an integrated anti-noise signal integrated from the feedforward anti-noise signal and the feedback anti-noise signal.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an anion exchange membrane disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first metal mesh, a first catalyst layer wrapping the first metal mesh, a second metal mesh, and a second catalyst layer wrapping the second metal mesh. The first metal mesh is disposed between the anion exchange membrane and the second metal mesh. The second metal mesh is thicker than the first metal mesh, and the first catalyst layer is thicker than the second catalyst layer. The second catalyst layer is iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, platinum, gold, or aluminum. The second catalyst layer is crystalline.

Abstract: A power converter and control circuit are provided. The control circuit has a power controller for turning on the power switch to maintain a desired output voltage and mode selection switch provides a mode selection signal. Depending on the magnitude of an input voltage of the power converter, in which the mode selection circuit compares the input voltage of the power converter with a reference voltage, a modulation controller is configured to turn on a modulation switch to activate the capacitor according to the mode selection signal.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an anion exchange membrane disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first metal mesh, a first catalyst layer wrapping the first metal mesh, a second metal mesh, and a second catalyst layer wrapping the second metal mesh. The first metal mesh is disposed between the anion exchange membrane and the second metal mesh. The second metal mesh is thicker than the first metal mesh, and the first catalyst layer is thicker than the second catalyst layer. The second catalyst layer is iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, platinum, gold, or aluminum. The second catalyst layer is crystalline.

Abstract: A noise control system comprises a feedforward module, a feedback module, an error pre-processing module, and a signal integrating module. The feedforward module is configured to receive a reference signal and output a feedforward anti-noise signal by performing feedforward processing to the reference signal. The feedback module is configured to receive an error signal and output a feedback anti-noise signal by performing feedback processing to the error signal. The error pre-processing module is configured to receive the error signal and output a first pre-processing signal to the feedforward module and a second pre-processing signal to the feedback module. The signal integrating module is configured to output an integrated anti-noise signal integrated from the feedforward anti-noise signal and the feedback anti-noise signal.

Abstract: A driving device and a driving method for an electric assisted bicycle are provided. The driving device includes a motor, a rotation speed sensor, a torque sensor and a controller. The rotation speed sensor senses a rotation speed value of a crank or a chainring of the electric assisted bicycle. The torque sensor obtains an average torque value applied by the crank to the chainring of the electric assisted bicycle. The controller controls an output of the motor in response to the rotation speed value and the average torque value.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved noise separation hybrid type ANC system, which includes a reference audio receiving device, an error audio receiving device, an audio output device, and an audio processing device. The audio processing device includes a feed-forward noise cancellation filter module, a feedback noise cancellation filter module, a mixer, a noise shaper, a first infinite impulse response filter, and a second infinite impulse response filter. When the noise bandwidth detector detects irregular noise, it adjusts the coefficient of the first infinite impulse response filter to set it as a low-pass filter; when regular noise is detected, the coefficient of the second infinite impulse response filter is adjusted to set it as a band-pass filter.

Abstract: A method for controlling a power converter includes turning on a power switch to maintain a desired output voltage, wherein the power switch is coupled to a primary winding to control a primary current flow and the output voltage is provided by a secondary winding. The method also includes adding a capacitance in parallel to the power switch at a time determined by a magnitude of an input voltage to the power converter. Here, the timing of adding the capacitance depends on the operation mode of the power controller. In a low input voltage mode, the capacitance is added in a demagnetization-time during which the secondary winding discharges. In a high input voltage mode, the capacitance is added in a discontinuous time.