Abstract: For digital data transmitted using a vector signaling encoding, a rank-order equalizer cancels various channel noise such as inter-symbol interference. Further, rank-order units may be cascaded to achieve improved equalization over successive sample vector signals in a rank-order equalizer. Multiple rank-order equalizers further operate in parallel in a feed forward mode or in series in a feedback mode to provide a continuous vector signaling stream equalization.

Abstract: In a chip-to-chip communication system and apparatus, a set of physical signals to be conveyed over a communication bus is provided, and mapped to a codeword of a vector signaling code using the physical signals and a state information, wherein a codeword is representable as a vector of plurality of real-valued components, and wherein a vector signaling code is a set of codewords in which the components sum to zero and for which there is at least one component and at least three codewords having different values in that component; and wherein the state information is a plurality of information present in continuous or discrete form which may have been obtained from previous codewords transmitted over the communication bus.

Abstract: In bus communications methods and apparatus, a first set of physical signals representing the information to be conveyed over the bus is provided, and mapped to a codeword of a sparse signaling code, wherein a codeword is representable as a vector of a plurality of components, some of which are quiescent components and some of which are non-quiescent components, wherein the number of quiescent components and non-quiescent components meet a sparseness requirement.

Abstract: In bus communications methods and apparatus, a first set of physical signals representing the information to be conveyed over the bus is provided, and mapped to a codeword of a spherical code, wherein a codeword is representable as a vector of a plurality of components and the bus uses at least as many signal lines as components of the vector that are used, mapping the codeword to a second set of physical signals, wherein components of the second set of physical signals can have values from a set of component values having at least three distinct values for at least one component, and providing the second set of physical signals for transmission over the data bus in a physical form.

Abstract: Circuits that are matched to balanced codes may recover transmitted information in a noise resilient and power efficient manner. Circuit components for processing a balanced code may include one or more of: matched amplification of the signals representing the balanced code, matched equalization and/or filtering on the signals representing the balanced code, matched non-linear filtering on the signaling representing the balanced code to detect the presence of particular symbols and matched latching of the signals representing the balanced code. Such matched circuits and circuit components may be achieved at least in part by incorporating suitable common circuit nodes and/or a single energy source into circuit topologies.

Abstract: In bus communications methods and apparatus, a first set of physical signals representing the information to be conveyed over the bus is provided, and mapped to a codeword of a spherical code, wherein a codeword is representable as a vector of a plurality of components and the bus uses at least as many signal lines as components of the vector that are used, mapping the codeword to a second set of physical signals, wherein components of the second set of physical signals can have values from a set of component values having at least three distinct values for at least one component, and providing the second set of physical signals for transmission over the data bus in a physical form.

Abstract: A communication system uses a bus to transmit information, by receiving signals and mapping them to a second set of signals representing codewords of a superposition signaling code, and transmitting the second set of signals. The superposition signaling code can comprise more than one layer. The pin-efficiency can be larger than 1. The system may encode bits into a codeword of a superposition signaling code that is defined by two basis vectors of predetermined size and then have two encoders for permutation modulation codes defined by the basis vectors. The bits of information are divided into a first part representing a predetermined number of bits and a second part representing a predetermined number of bits, with the parts provided to the respective encoding circuits and their outputs combined by a superposition.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for storing information on non-volatile memory which can rewrite memory cells multiple times before a block needs to be erased. The information to be stored is transformed into a suitable form which has better robustness properties with respect to common sources of error, such as leakage of charge, or imperfect read/write units.

Abstract: In bus communications methods and apparatus, a first set of physical signals representing the information to be conveyed over the bus is provided, and mapped to a codeword of a sparse signaling code, wherein a codeword is representable as a vector of a plurality of components, some of which are quiescent components and some of which are non-quiescent components, wherein the number of quiescent components and non-quiescent components meet a sparseness requirement.

Abstract: In bus communications methods and apparatus, a first set of physical signals representing the information to be conveyed over the bus is provided, and mapped to a codeword of a spherical code, wherein a codeword is representable as a vector of a plurality of components and the bus uses at least as many signal lines as components of the vector that are used, mapping the codeword to a second set of physical signals, wherein components of the second set of physical signals can have values from a set of component values having at least three distinct values for at least one component, and providing the second set of physical signals for transmission over the data bus in a physical form.

Abstract: Using a transformation based, at least in part, on a non-simple orthogonal matrix, data may be transmitted over a data bus in a manner that is resilient to one or more types of signal noise, that does not require a common reference at the transmission and acquisition points, and/or that has a pin-efficiency that is greater than 50% and may approach that of single-ended signaling. Such transformations may be implemented in hardware in an efficient manner. The transformation may be combined with methods from forward error correction to lower the required transmission power.

Abstract: Using a transformation based at least in part on a non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, data may be transmitted over a data bus in a manner that is resilient to one or more types of signal noise, that does not require a common reference at the transmission and acquisition points, and/or that has a pin-efficiency that is greater than 50% and may approach that of single-ended signaling. Such transformations may be implemented in hardware in an efficient manner. Hybrid transformers that apply such transformations to selected subsets of signals to be transmitted may be used to adapt to various signal set sizes and/or transmission environment properties including noise and physical space requirements of given transmission environments.