Abstract: A method for making a layered metal chalcogenide catalyst wherein the catalyst has a crystalline structure with increased edge sites produced by lithographic methods.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for producing tomographic images of an object comprising: a beam of collimated radiation transmitted through the object in a plurality of rays, an imaging electro-optic detector for detecting the attenuated transmitted radiation after it has passed through the object, the detector including an energy convertor, image format altering device, and a readout device, wherein the detector has a detective quantum efficiency greater than 0.05, a total signal dependent background less than 10 percent of the signal from the unattenuated x-ray beam, a useful dynamic range greater than 10, a non-uniformity of response between adjacent active pixels of less than 75%, and deviations of geometric linearity that is less than 10 pixels in the recorded image, means for obtaining the attenuation coefficients from the transmitted radiation, and means for computing a reconstructed image of the object from the attenuation coefficients.

Abstract: A method is described which details the preparation of large area close packed monolayers of colloidal particles from random distributions of colloidal particles by compressing the random network.

Abstract: A high surface area substrate with controlled pore size and slot geometry is made by depositing at least two materials in alternating layers. The film is then broken up and one of the materials is etched away to produce a slotted surface structure. These slots can add size and shape selectively to separations and catalytic processes which because of the uniform and controllable dimensions (>5A) would be superior to that obtainable from zeolites and clays.

Abstract: A high surface area substrate with controlled pore size and slot geometry is used in an adsorbing process. The material is made by depositing at least two materials in alternating layers. The film is then broken up and one of the materials is etched away to produce a slotted surface structure. These slots can add size and shape selectivity to separations and catalytic processes which because of the uniform and controllable dimensions (>5A) would be superior to that obtainable from zeolites and clays.

Abstract: A method is described for producing an electronically passivated stable surface on silicon wafers. The passivation technique consists of first fluorinating the surface of a crystalline silicon wafer under inert atmospheric conditions. Such a treatment may consist of either a vapor phase or liquid phase application of HF at room temperature. The surface fluorinated wafer is then maintained in an inert atmosphere and a thin coating of an organic solid is applied to the wafer which does not disturb the underlying passivated silicon surface. The wafer may then be further processed into a variety of different devices.

Abstract: The present invention is a method to increase the sensitivity of a positive polymer resist by control of molecular weight distribution and prebake temperature. The sensitivity of a polymer positive resist is increased by baking a narrow molecular weight fraction resist below the glass transition temperature. More particularly the sensitivity is increased by the use of low average molecular weight resist of narrow molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: The present invention is a method to increase the contrast of a positive polymer resist by control of molecular weight distribution and prebake temperature. The contrast of a positive polymer resist is increased by baking a narrow molecular weight fraction resist above the glass transition temperature. More particularly the contrast is increased by the use of low average molecular weight resist of narrow molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing an optically enhanced thin film photovoltaic device.The method includes the steps of producing an active layer of semiconductor material wherein the surface of at least one side of the active layer is textured such that the surface includes randomly spaced, densely packed microstructures of predetermined dimensions of the order of the wavelength of visible light in the semiconductor material and attaching a reflecting surface directly to one side of the semiconductor material and making an ohmic contact to the material.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved replication process which copies a master pattern onto an intermediate transfer mask which is then used to form a lithographic mask on the surface of a substrate. A pattern derived from the original master pattern is then produced in the substrate by an etching process.

Abstract: The present invention is an optically enhanced solar cell having a detached reflector. The optically enhanced solar cell includes a semiconductor material bounded on each side by transparent electrical contacts and an optional antireflection coating with the surface of at least one of these layers being textured. Light is reflected in the cell by a reflector which is detached (i.e., spaced) from the enhanced cell using a layer of dielectric material.

Abstract: Large area random and mosaic arrays of identical submicron microcolumnar structures can be produced on surfaces by directionally ion etching a monolayer film of spherical colloidal particles.

Abstract: Extremely small, three-dimensional articles, such as fusion targets having glass shells (20 to 500 microns in diameter) are coated with alternate layers of colloidal materials. This is accomplished by depositing particles of opposite charge from colloidal suspensions (sols). Articles to be coated are suspended within a drop held in the open end of a closed capillary tube, and colloidal particles are deposited by dipping the capillary into the sols. Alternate monolayers of the particles adhere to the surface of the article. Multilayer coatings are built up by repeated alternate deposition of the monolayers from the sols. Between each deposition, the layers are rinsed with water and the water removed by dipping the capillary tube into a bath of water and then into a bath containing a water displacing agent such as ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract: Identical half-section shells of microscopic size, such as hemispherical shells from which spherical laser fusion targets can be made are capable of mass production by micro fabrication molding techniques. A body (preferably a hollow glass microsphere which is called a glass microballoon) provides a pattern for the hemispherical shells, and is used to produce an original mold section. One or more master molds are formed from this original mold section by replication. Many identical replica molds are made by casting soluble material onto the master mold and removing them therefrom. The replica molds are coated with one or more layers which will form the hemispherical shell wall. The material coating the flat background around the hemispherical cavity is referred to as the flange and is removed to form free standing shells. In order to remove the flange material, the coated replica molds are overcoated with a soluble material which is etched away to the level of the flange.

Abstract: Hollow shell laser fusion targets, such as glass microballoons, are filled with gases of the type which do not permeate through the wall of the balloon. A hole is laser-drilled in the balloon, a plug is placed over the hole and gas is introduced into the balloon through the loosely plugged hole. Thereafter the plug is melted to form a seal over the hole, entrapping the gas within the target. The plug is, for example, a polymer such as highly crystalline polystyrene, or glass.

Abstract: Extremely small, three-dimensional articles, such as fusion targets having glass shells (20 to 500 microns in diameter) are coated with alternate layers of colloidal materials. This is accomplished by depositing particles of opposite charge from colloidal suspensions (sols). Articles to be coated are suspended within a drop held in the open end of a closed capillary tube, and colloidal particles are deposited by dipping the capillary into the sols. Alternate monolayers of the particles adhere to the surface of the article. Multilayer coatings are built up by repeated alternate deposition of the monolayers from the sols. Between each deposition, the layers are rinsed with water and the water removed by dipping the capillary tube into a bath of water and then into a bath containing a water displacing agent such as ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract: In order to assay the tritium fuel content in laser fusion targets and/or to measure the pressurization of laser fusion targets of the type which use deuterium and tritium (DT) gas mixtures, without destroying the targets, the flux of beta particles which emerges from the target is measured with the aid of a gas flow proportional counter. The count rates are related to the tritium content and the pressurization. The tritium content in terms of the mass of the tritium in the target can be derived from the counting rate.