Abstract: A method for controlling a drivetrain of a motor vehicle is disclosed. Either a start mode for starting the reciprocating engine is activated via the driving vehicle wheel, or a coasting mode is activated for driving the reciprocating engine via the driving vehicle wheel. At least one volume-reducing stroke is executed that follows an intake stroke for at least one cylinder of the reciprocating engine with at least intermittently open cylinder. Alternately at least one volume-enlarging stroke is executed for at least one cylinder of the reciprocating engine, which is followed by a compression stroke of this cylinder, and at least one volume-reducing stroke of this cylinder, which follows an expansion stroke that follows the compression stroke, with a cylinder that is closed, if possible, in this operating mode.

Abstract: A method for controlling a drivetrain of a motor vehicle is disclosed. Either a start mode for starting the reciprocating engine is activated via the driving vehicle wheel, or a coasting mode is activated for driving the reciprocating engine via the driving vehicle wheel. At least one volume-reducing stroke is executed that follows an intake stroke for at least one cylinder of the reciprocating engine with at least intermittently open cylinder. Alternately at least one volume-enlarging stroke is executed for at least one cylinder of the reciprocating engine, which is followed by a compression stroke of this cylinder, and at least one volume-reducing stroke of this cylinder, which follows an expansion stroke that follows the compression stroke, with a cylinder that is closed, if possible, in this operating mode.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a construction material and to the use of modified layered inorganic material. The construction material of the invention comprises a layered inorganic material, which layered inorganic material comprises an ionic organic modifier compound and a biocide. The construction material of the invention has increased resistance against microbial fouling.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for recycling an organic-matrix composite material. The organic-matrix composite material comprises a first component comprising at least one organic matrix polymer and at least one solid second component being compatible with said first component and being structurally different from said first component, wherein said at least one organic polymer has thermosetting properties at room temperature and wherein said polymer comprises thermally reversible cross-links The method of the invention comprises —heating the organic-matrix composite material to a temperature at which at least part of the thermally reversible cross-links cleave and at which temperature the first component as a viscosity of at most 500 Pa·s, as measured by oscillatory measurements on an Anton Paar MCR 301 rheometer using parallel plate geometry; and —separating the at least part of said first component from said second component.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system constructed and arranged to condition a radiation beam, and a support constructed and arranged to support a patterning device. The patterning device is capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam. The apparatus also includes a substrate table constructed and arranged to hold a substrate, and a projection system constructed and arranged to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The substrate table includes a chuck having a plurality of protrusions constructed and arranged to support corresponding parts of a bottom surface of a wafer. The top surface of at least one of the protrusions includes a plurality of elements that define a reduced contact area between the substrate and the top surface of the protrusion.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for recycling an organic-matrix composite material. The organic-matrix composite material comprises a first component comprising at least one organic matrix polymer and at least one solid second component being compatible with said first component and being structurally different from said first component, wherein said at least one organic polymer has thermosetting properties at room temperature and wherein said polymer comprises thermally reversible cross-links The method of the invention comprises -heating the organic-matrix composite material to a temperature at which at least part of the thermally reversible cross-links cleave and at which temperature the first component as a viscosity of at most 500 Pa·s, as measured by oscillatory measurements on an Anton Paar MCR 301 rheometer using parallel plate geometry; and -separating the at least part of said first component from said second component.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a construction material and to the use of modified layered inorganic material. The construction material of the invention comprises a layered inorganic material, which layered inorganic material comprises an ionic organic modifier compound and a biocide. The construction material of the invention has increased resistance against microbial fouling.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing an inorganic crystalline ceramic material having an organized structure, comprising the steps of: (a) providing nanoparticles of one or more inorganic crystalline ceramic materials; (b) reacting metal hydroxide groups that are present on the nanoparticles with molecules of a chemical compound which molecules each comprisea first and a second reactive moiety, whereby a covalent bond is formed between the first reactive moieties of the molecules and the respective metal hydroxide groups; and (c) subjecting the nanoparticles obtained in step (b) to a treatment which enables the formation of a bond between at least two nanoparticles, whereby the bond is formed directly or indirectly between the second reactive moieties of the covalenty bonded molecules of the chemical compound as obtained in step (b), thereby forming an organized structure.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system constructed and arranged to condition a radiation beam, and a support constructed and arranged to support a patterning device. The patterning device is capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam. The apparatus also includes a substrate table constructed and arranged to hold a substrate, and a projection system constructed and arranged to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The substrate table includes a chuck having a plurality of protrusions constructed and arranged to support corresponding parts of a bottom surface of a wafer. The top surface of at least one of the protrusions includes a plurality of elements that define a reduced contact area between the substrate and the top surface of the protrusion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymeric material having an anisotropic shape and comprising multiple cavities, wherein said cavities comprise a functional liquid. The invention also relates to a process of making the polymeric material from an emulsion of a functional liquid with a polymer in solution, in the melt or a polymer precursor which reacts to obtain the polymeric material having cavities filled with functional liquid.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system constructed and arranged to condition a radiation beam, and a support constructed and arranged to support a patterning device. The patterning device is capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam. The apparatus also includes a substrate table constructed and arranged to hold a substrate, and a projection system constructed and arranged to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The substrate table includes a chuck having a plurality of protrusions constructed and arranged to support corresponding parts of a bottom surface of a wafer. The top surface of at least one of the protrusions includes a plurality of elements that define a reduced contact area between the substrate and the top surface of the protrusion.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for producing low-k dielectric films on semiconductors or electrical circuits, which comprises using incompletely condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes of the formula [(RaXbSiO1.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system constructed and arranged to condition a radiation beam, and a support constructed and arranged to support a patterning device. The patterning device is capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam. The apparatus also includes a substrate table constructed and arranged to hold a substrate, and a projection system constructed and arranged to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The substrate table includes a chuck having a plurality of protrusions constructed and arranged to support corresponding parts of a bottom surface of a wafer. The top surface of at least one of the protrusions includes a plurality of elements that define a reduced contact area between the substrate and the top surface of the protrusion.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for producing low-k dielectric films on semiconductors or electrical circuits, which comprises using incompletely condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes of the formula [(RaXbSiO1.

Abstract: A cylinder housing (1) is cast with a cylinder wall (2) in the making of a cylinder for an internal combustion engine. The cylinder wall delimits an interior space (3) for accommodating a reciprocating piston and, thereafter, a control window (5) is machined into the cylinder wall (2) as an opening of a transfer channel (4) into the interior space (3). A two-stage machining for forming the control window (5) is provided in order to make possible a rapid and cost effective manufacture of the cylinder. In a first step with a work tool (7) having a rotating primary movement (11), a breakthrough (10) is machined into the cylinder wall (2) and, in a second step with a work tool, the breakthrough (10) is widened to the wanted dimensions of the control window (5).

Abstract: A cylinder housing (1) is cast with a cylinder wall (2) in the making of a cylinder for an internal combustion engine. The cylinder wall delimits an interior space (3) for accommodating a reciprocating piston and, thereafter, a control window (5) is machined into the cylinder wall (2) as an opening of a transfer channel (4) into the interior space (3). A two-stage machining for forming the control window (5) is provided in order to make possible a rapid and cost effective manufacture of the cylinder. In a first step with a work tool (7) having a rotating primary movement (11), a breakthrough (10) is machined into the cylinder wall (2) and, in a second step with a work tool, the breakthrough (10) is widened to the wanted dimensions of the control window (5).

Abstract: A palladacycle of the formula (I) ##STR1## where: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkoxy, fluorine, NH.sub.2, NH-alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), N(alkyl).sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), CO.sub.2 -(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, OCO-alkyl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), or phenyl,R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are, independently of one another, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.12)-cyloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted arylor where R.sup.1, and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together form an aliphatic or aromatic ring, andY is an anion of an inorganic or organic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovering the cobalt carbonyl catalyst used, in which a water-soluble cobalt salt is first prepared by addition of acid and this is subsequently precipitated as cobalt hydroxide. This cobalt hydroxide is then reacted with the N-acyl-.alpha.-amino acid derivative for whose preparation the cobalt carbonyl catalyst is intended, and the resulting cobalt-containing melt is converted into the cobalt carbonyl catalyst in the presence of a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing monofunctional, bifunctional or polyfunctional aromatic olefins of the formula (I) ##STR1## by reaction of haloaromatics of the formula (II) ##STR2## with olefins of the formula (III) ##STR3## , wherein a palladium compound of the formula (IV) ##STR4## is used as the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for preparing 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-2-methylpropionic acid and derivatives thereof of the formula (I), ##STR1## in which R is a hydroxy group, a linear or branched (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkoxy group, an aryloxygroup, an amino group or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-alkylamino group or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)-dialkylamino group, bya) converting p-fluoroaniline into the p-fluorophenyldiazonium salt of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which X is the equivalent of an anion of an organic or inorganic acid having a pKa value of less than 7,b) reacting the diazonium salt of the formula (II) with a methacrylic acid derivative of the formula (III) ##STR3## in which R is as defined above in the presence of a palladium catalyst, if desired in the presence of a base and/or a solvent, to give the compounds of the formulae (IV) and (V) in which R is as defined above, ##STR4## and c) hydrogenating the resulting compounds of the formulae (IV) and (V) in the presence of a palladium catalyst with hydrogen.