Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate and a stacked body. The substrate includes an upper surface. The stacked body includes a lower electrode, a photoelectric conversion film, and an upper electrode. The lower electrode is provided on the upper surface. The photoelectric conversion film is provided on the lower electrode. The upper electrode is provided on the photoelectric conversion film. The stacked body includes a first region and a second region. The first region includes a foreign matter between the lower electrode and the photoelectric conversion film. The second region is without the foreign matter. A distance between an end of the foreign matter in a first direction parallel with the upper surface and the upper electrode in a second direction intersecting the upper surface is greater than a distance in the second direction between the lower electrode and the upper electrode in the second region.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a polymer material includes two or more different repeating units each containing a quinoxaline backbone. At least one of the repeating units includes a halogen atom.

Abstract: A solar cell module according to an embodiment includes a solar cell device and a support structure supporting the solar cell device. The solar cell device is a belt-like solar cell device including first portions arranged in one direction such that major surfaces thereof face each other, and a second portion interposed between the first portions. The edges of the first portions that correspond to a pair of long sides of the solar cell device are parallel to each other. Two adjacent first portions incline forwardly and backwardly with respect to the one direction. The second portion includes one or more planar or curved surfaces to connect the two adjacent first portions to each other.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate, a lower electrode, a lower intermediate layer, a photoelectric conversion film, and an upper electrode. The lower electrode is provided on the major surface of the substrate and has a side surface crossing the major surface. The lower intermediate layer is provided on the major surface and on the lower electrode. The lower intermediate layer includes an overlapping portion overlapping with the lower electrode and a non-overlapping portion not overlapping with the lower electrode and covering the side surface of the lower electrode when projected onto a plane parallel to the major surface. A resistance value of the non-overlapping portion is lower than a resistance value of the overlapping portion. The photoelectric conversion film is provided on the lower intermediate layer and includes an organic semiconductor. The upper electrode is provided on the photoelectric conversion film.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, there is provided a photovoltaic cell module including a substrate; a plurality of photovoltaic cells disposed via an individual gap on the substrate; and a transparent member disposed to cover the photovoltaic cells, and configured so that light incident on the transparent member passes through the transparent member and arrives at the photovoltaic cells, wherein the transparent member has a slit-shaped recess space at a position corresponding to the individual gap between the photovoltaic cells; and the photovoltaic cell module includes a photoelectric conversion rate improvement structure on a surface side of the transparent member, on which light is incident.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, there is provided a photovoltaic cell module including a plurality of photovoltaic cell structures including a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer which are disposed on a common photoelectric conversion layer so that electromotive force polarities are alternately different, wherein the photovoltaic cell structures are electrically connected in series.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical device includes an optically variable layer and first and second electrodes. The optically variable layer includes a material having dielectric anisotropy and a solvatochromic dye. The first and second electrodes are configured to apply a voltage to the optically variable layer. According to another embodiment, a display includes an optical device and a driving circuit. The optical device includes an optically variable layer and first and second electrodes. The optically variable layer includes a material having dielectric anisotropy and a solvatochromic dye. The first and second electrodes are configured to driving circuit is configured to put a drive voltage across the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a polymer material includes two or more different repeating units each containing a quinoxaline backbone. At least one of the repeating units includes a halogen atom.

Abstract: A solar cell module according to an embodiment includes a solar cell device and a support structure supporting the solar cell device. The solar cell device is a belt-like solar cell device including first portions arranged in one direction such that major surfaces thereof face each other, and a second portion interposed between the first portions. The edges of the first portions that correspond to a pair of long sides of the solar cell device are parallel to each other. Two adjacent first portions incline forwardly and backwardly with respect to the one direction. The second portion includes one or more planar or curved surfaces to connect the two adjacent first portions to each other.

Abstract: A display device includes: an optical cell including: a first electrode; a second electrode; an ion conduction layer facing the first electrode and the second electrode and containing a mobile ion; and a first nanostructure provided between the first electrode and the ion conduction layer and being electrically connected to the first electrode. The first nanostructure has a first plasmon resonance wavelength in a visible light region and contains a first metal element. A first metal compound layer which contains the first metal element contained in the first nanostructure and has a refractive index different from a refractive index of the ion conduction layer is formed on at least a part of a surface of the first nanostructure by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method is disclosed for manufacturing an organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device includes an anode layer, a cathode layer, an emission layer provided between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and an intermediate layer provided between the emission layer and the cathode layer. The method can include applying a first solution containing a first organic material and a first solvent on the anode layer to form the emission layer. The method can include applying a second solution on the emission layer to form the intermediate layer, the second solution containing a second organic material with low molecular weight and a second solvent. The second solvent contains an acetylene alcohol-based surfactant and has a solubility parameter smaller than a solubility parameter of the first solvent.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an optical device includes an optically variable layer and first and second electrodes. The optically variable layer includes a material having dielectric anisotropy and a solvatochromic dye. The first and second electrodes are configured to apply a voltage to the optically variable layer. According to another embodiment, a display includes an optical device and a driving circuit. The optical device includes an optically variable layer and first and second electrodes. The optically variable layer includes a material having dielectric anisotropy and a solvatochromic dye. The first and second electrodes are configured to driving circuit is configured to put a drive voltage across the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A display device includes: an optical cell including: a first electrode; a second electrode; an ion conduction layer facing the first electrode and the second electrode and containing a mobile ion; and a first nanostructure provided between the first electrode and the ion conduction layer and being electrically connected to the first electrode. The first nanostructure has a first plasmon resonance wavelength in a visible light region and contains a first metal element. A first metal compound layer which contains the first metal element contained in the first nanostructure and has a refractive index different from a refractive index of the ion conduction layer is formed on at least a part of a surface of the first nanostructure by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A display device includes a first switching layer switchable between a first color state and a translucent state, a second switching layer switchable between a second color state and a translucent state, a third switching layer switchable between a third color state and a translucent state, a first colored layer,a second colored layer, a third colored layer, and an intermediate layer provided between the first switching layer and the first colored layer. Mixing colors in the first color state, the second color state and the third color state produces achromatic color.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal layer includes scattering liquid crystal is held between first and second substrates. The bottom surface of the second substrate is provided with a first prism array, which is extended along a first direction, and comprises a prism body arranged along a second direction. The bottom surface of the first prism array is provided with a second prism array, which is extended along the second direction, and comprises a prism body arranged along the first direction. The sum of the apex angles of the first and second prism arrays is set within a range from 180° to 240°. One of the apex angles is set larger than 90°.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a pair of substrates having main surfaces respectively, the main surfaces facing on each other; a polymer layer interposed between the pair of substrates, the polymer layer including a block copolymer having a liquid crystalline side chain and having a periodic structure in a perpendicular direction to the main surfaces; and a controller that controls a light reflectance of the polymer layer by applying a voltage to the polymer layer.

Abstract: A liquid developer electrophotographic apparatus and method for developing one or more successive color images on a previous color image formed on a latent image retaining body, wherein peeling off the prior color image is prevented by establishing a reversible electrophoretic transfer efficiency of toner particles in the prior toner image to be not greater than 60% in the liquid developer for the successive color image while applying an electrical potential difference between the latent image retaining body and a developing electrode for the successive developing step(s). A resin content of the toner particles forming the previous color image may be selected to achieve the reversible electrophoretic transfer efficiency of 60% or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of the present invention having a transferring particle layer forming equipment which forms a transferring particle layer prior to forming a toner layer on a surface of an image recording member, whose coagulation force among the transferring particles in the transferring particle layer is smaller than adhesive force of the transferring particle layer to the image recording member, a development equipment which forms a toner layer on a surface of the image recording member according to image information with a liquid developer in a manner that a part of the toner layer is superimposed on the transferring particle layer and a transfer equipment which transfer the toner layer to a transfer medium together with a part of the transferring particle layer. As a result, high transfer efficiency can be obtained, and an image forming apparatus which realizes high image quality is provided.

Abstract: A liquid developer electrophotographic apparatus and method for developing one or more successive color images on a previous color image formed on a latent image retaining body, wherein peeling off the prior color image is prevented by establishing a reversible electrophoretic transfer efficiency of toner particles in the prior toner image to be not greater than 60% in the liquid developer for the successive color image while applying an electrical potential difference between the latent image retaining body and a developing electrode for the successive developing step(s). A resin content of the toner particles forming the previous color image may be selected to achieve the reversible electrophoretic transfer efficiency of 60% or less.

Abstract: A liquid developer electrophotographic apparatus and method for developing one or more successive color images on a previous color image formed on a latent image retaining body, wherein peeling off the prior color image is prevented by establishing a reversible electrophoretic transfer efficiency of toner particles in the prior toner image to be not greater than 60% in the liquid developer for the successive color image while applying an electrical potential difference between the latent image retaining body and a developing electrode for the successive developing step(s). A resin content of the toner particles forming the previous color image may be selected to achieve the reversible electrophoretic transfer efficiency of 60% or less.