Abstract: The invention provides frequency multiplier circuitry which may be used in the output section of high power microwave systems to efficiently provide higher output frequencies. Generally, one multiplier stage may be utilized to double the frequency of the input signal with several stages being cascaded to achieve even higher frequencies. The varactor diodes utilized in circuits of the invention are preferably constructed primarily of silicon carbide, which has many advantages when compared with current varactors constructed of GaAs or silicon. Some presently preferred embodiments utilize a four terminal varactor bridge instead of a single varactor diode. The invention also teaches several significant techniques for improving the bandwidth of the circuitry, thus allowing variation of the frequency of the input signal without significantly attenuating the output signal.

Abstract: Push-pull complimentary MOSFET devices are formed in a thin active layer between the top surface of a high resistivity silicon wafer and a insulating layer implanted below the top surface. Each MOSFET is composed of a plurality of cells each having a source, a gate, and a drain region extending fully through the active layer. Grooves extending through the wafer are lined with vias which connect the source regions with a floating ground plane on the bottom of the wafer. The gates of all the cells are connected by a gate bus on the top surface. Air bridges spanning the gates and the source vias connect the drain conductors of each cell. Neutralizing capacitors connected between an input and an opposite output of the push-pull complimentary MOSFET devices match the parasitic capacitances of the devices and provide wide bandwidth amplification with roll off well into the GHz range without the need for tuning inductors.

Abstract: An imaging system utilizes a plurality of sensors capable of sensing objects within a field of view about a sight line. At least two sensors have different sight lines with the sight lines having known relative positions. Each sensor produces signals corresponding to positions of objects within a field of view over time. At least one sensor signal memory receives those signals and stores them in a manner enabling concurrent access to signals received from any selected combination of sensors. The processing unit and associated memory contain at least one program for selecting sensor signals from a sensor signal memory. Preferably motion detectors are provided for determining vibration, flexure or movement of each sensor. A normalizing means is preferably provided to adjust the sensor or make an appropriate modification of the signal received from the sensor.

Abstract: A broad band multimode seeker system for a missile includes a wide band phased array transmitter/receiver unit incorporating a wafer scale phased array device with a bandwidth of about 2 GHz to 35 GHz. A multimode intermediate frequency unit selectively generates radar and jamming waveforms and measures parameters of reflected radar and external emissions of RF energy. A guidance processor manages the front end assets for selective active or semiactive radar searching and tracking, and simultaneous searching for, tracking of, homing on, and applying a selection of electronic countermeasures to, multiple defensive radars. Confirmation of an assigned target is made through correlation of received RF signals with libraries of expected defensive system parameters and high resolution target profiles and preloaded target geographical coordinates.

Abstract: A radio frequency transmitting shutter operable at low power and high speed for use in the protection of a radar or electronic warfare array comprising a multiplicity of individual conductive beam members interconnected by electrostatic switches formed using high yield, common photolithographic methods is disclosed. Further, a photosensitive embodiment of this device which would allow activation of the shutter wherever the light falls upon the shutter during radar protection, is disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: An improved phased-array active antenna transmit-receive means utilizing a multiplicity of individual transmit-receive cells positioned in an array format upon a common wafer of semiconductor material. Each transmit-receiver cell, comprises a multiplicity of redundant, integrated circuit, electronic devices implanted upon the common semiconductor substrate. The transmit-receive cells utilize novel mitered mechanical switches to permanently interconnect individual electronic devices into either transmit or receive circuits during the fabrication and test of the transmit-receive cells. Radio frequency and direct current input and output vias formed from a novel metal evaporation technique connect the devices upon the surface of the common semiconductor wafer to underlying, insulated direct current distribution circuits and a radio frequency manifold.

Abstract: An improved phased-array active antenna transmit-receive means utilizing a multiplicity of individual transmit-receive cells positioned in an array format upon a common wafer of semiconductor material. Each transmit-receive cell, comprises a multiplicity of redundant, integrated circuit, electronic devices implanted upon the common semiconductor substrate. The transmit-receive cells utilize novel mitered mechanical switches to permanently interconnect individual electronic devices into either transmit or receive circuits during the fabrication and test of the transmit-receive cells. Radio frequency and direct current input and output vias formed from a novel metal evaporation technique connect the devices upon the surface of the common semiconductor wafer to underlying, insulated direct current distribution circuits and a radio frequency manifold.

Abstract: An improved phased-array active antenna transmit-receive means utilizing a multiplicity of individual transmit-receive cells positioned in an array format upon a common wafer of semiconductor material. Each transmit-receive cell, comprises a multiplicity of redundant, integrated circuit, electronic devices implanted upon the common semiconductor substrate. The transmit-receive cells utilize novel mitered mechanical switches to permanently interconnect individual electronic devices into either transmit or receive circuits during the fabrication and test of the transmit-receive cells. Radio frequency and direct current input and output vias formed from a novel metal evaportion technique connect the devices upon the surface of the common semiconductor wafer to underlying, insulated direct current distribution circuits and a radio frequency manifold.

Abstract: A method of tuning a microwave integrated circuit by trimming desired film-type circuit patterns included therein by a cold-pressure bonding technique is disclosed. More specifically, intercoupled circuit patterns are formed on a semi-insulating substrate with some circuit patterns having impedance characteristics of a desired nominal value. Each circuit pattern may comprise a plurality of conductive paths of malleable metal. Gaps are provided at appropriately chosen places in the conductive paths of predetermined circuit patterns. Selected ones of the gaps of the conductive paths are bridged to adjust the impedance characteristics of the associated predetermined circuit pattern by wiping with a probe the malleable metal of the conductive path at one end of the gap, across the gap to make contact with the malleable metal of the conductive path at the other end of the gap.

Abstract: Electrical interconnection paths or vias are provided through relatively thick type III/V semiconductive substrates, such as gallium arsenide, to permit through the substrate electrical interconnection of planar transistor devices. The vias are etched in a two-step process which ensures that the via lateral dimensions are less than the transistor contacts with which they are aligned. The first step comprises selectively thinning the thick substrate from the back surface over an area which encompasses the transistor array formed in the front surface of the substrate. The second step is to etch the individual vias through this prior thinned substrate at areas aligned with the transistor contacts.

Abstract: A circuit for use with sensors for providing background subtraction of signals below a predetermined frequency is described incorporating a first transistor for providing a zero to low frequency path and a second transistor or charge coupled device for providing a desired signal path wherein the g.sub.m of the first transistor is large compared to the g.sub.m of the second transistor or CCD device and the first transistor transconductance decreases at frequencies above the time constant determined by the gate capacitance of the first transistor and a resistor in series with the gate.The invention overcomes the problem of large signals in relation to a desired signal during sensing of radiant energy such as infrared. In particular, large background signals tend to saturate signal storage shift registers during time delay integration or just time integration.

Abstract: An improved radiant energy sensor incorporating a number of elongated detectors, reflecting means for reflecting incident light into the elongated detectors, and circuitry on a crystalline substrate, is described wherein the reflecting means directs radiant energy into the elongated detectors.

Abstract: An improved radiant energy sensor incorporating a number of elongated detectors, circuitry, and narrow grooves on a crystalline substrate is described which receives radiant energy in the direction of the elongated detectors where the elongated detectors are electrically and optically isolated from adjacent detectors by narrow grooves in the substrate and where the detectors hold the incident radiant energy within the detector by the reflection of the radiant energy from the side surfaces of the same narrow grooves.

Abstract: An acousto-electric device provides a memory for a reference signal and provides for the convolution or correlation of input signals with the reference signal. The reference signal is transduced onto a piezoelectric surface to establish an electric field which determines the transfer and recombination of minority carriers across the p-n junction matrix of an adjacent semiconductor thereby creating a space-charge region in the semiconductor which is a spatial replication of the reference signal. The signal may be recovered in relation to the amplitude modulation of a carrier signal. For correlation or convolution of the reference signal with input signals, the input signals are provided to first or second terminals respectively and transduced onto the piezoelectric surface to produce electric fields which interact with the space-charge region of the stored reference signal to provide a product current whose integration comprises the correlation or convolution output.

Abstract: A lightweight small volume high resolution telecommunicator display receiver and system in which the display is produced by using a high resolution cathode ray tube having an electostatically deflectable light reflective light valve array target for modulating light corresponding to the video signal to produce the display.

Abstract: An optical imaging system which includes a light valve array target for producing the output image, and a photoemissive target which is responsive to input radiation to produce the desired informational pattern which is reproduced in the output stage. The input radiation generates photoelectrons in the photoemissive target and these photoelectrons are used to produce an electrostatic field on the deformable light valve elements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for digitally addressing an electron beam to select and then scan one of a plurality of spaced apart analog recordings of spoken words on a target. An electron gun at one end of a return beam vidicon tube provides the electron beam to scan the target positioned at the other end of the tube. The target is a wafer of semiconductive material with an oxide layer facing the electron gun. Variable width openings are etched into the oxide layer such that the edges of the openings define analog recordings. A first electron beam deflection control rapidly directs the beam in the "Y" direction along the ends of the tracks to provide a track count for producing a track access signal by a digitally addressed downcounter. A second electron beam deflection control produces a scanning of the selected track in the "X" direction while the electron beam oscillates at a dither frequency in the "Y" direction to scan the width of the track.