Abstract: A method and system for operation of a resilient closed communication network without a dedicated protection network segment. The method uses a resilient closed communication network with at least one communication ring. The method includes the steps of receiving a data packet from a first external network at a first distributing station connected to the network, identifying a second distributing station connected to the network from which the data packet is to be forwarded to a second external network, and determining functioning routes from the first distributing station to the second distributing station. The method also includes the steps of selecting an optimal route among the functioning routes and sending the data packet from the first distributing station to the second distributing station using the optimal route.

Abstract: For the purpose of solving the above problems, the present invention includes: transmission/reception means provided in a flow path for performing transmission/reception using a state change of fluid; repetition means for repeating the transmission/reception; time measurement means for measuring a time of propagation repeated by the repetition means; flow rate detection means for detecting a flow rate based on a value of the time measurement means; and number-of-times change means for changing to a predetermined number of repetition times. With such a structure, an influence caused by a variation of a flow can be suppressed by changing the number of repetition times so as to be suitable for a variation. As a result, reliable flow rate measurement with a high accuracy can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of efficiently manufacturing a printed wiring board is provided. In this method, a metal thin film is formed on a substrate having a projection. Then, an initial circuit pattern is formed on the substrate by patterning the metal thin film. The initial circuit pattern comprises first and second circuit patterns isolated from each other and a conductive layer formed on the projection to make a temporary electrical connection between the first and second circuit patterns. Electroplating is performed by the passage of electric current through the initial circuit pattern to form an additional metal film on the initial circuit pattern. After the electroplating, the conductive layer on the projection is removed to provide electrical insulation between the first and second circuit patterns.

Abstract: Evacuation operation performance is improved when any abnormality occurs in an electronic throttle control system. When any serious abnormality occurs, a first abnormality storage element (133) operates, a load relay for a power supply circuit (104a) of a throttle valve open/close controlling motor (103) is de-energized to operate a first alarm and display (109a). Thus a first device carries out the evacuation operation by a fuel cut control. When any slight abnormality occurs, a second abnormality storing element (136) comes to actuate thereby a second alarm and display (109b) being operated. Thus a second device carries out the evacuation operation using together a throttle valve opening control by the motor 103 and the fuel cut control.

Abstract: A method is provided for oxidizing and/or decomposing organic and/or inorganic oxidizable substances in waste water by wet oxidation with a use of a catalyst, wherein the oxidizable substances are oxidized and/or decomposed with an oxygen containing gas in the presence of the catalyst under pressure such that the waste water retains the liquid phase thereof at a temperature of 50° C. to less than 170°C.; the catalyst contains activated carbon; and the oxygen concentration is controlled in an exhaust gas in the range from 0 to 5 vol %. The present inventive method is capable of treating waste water efficiently for a long period in a stable manner at reduced temperatures as compared with the substantially higher temperatures and pressures used in many of the prior art methods.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composition which is layered in a reflective board to constitute a radio wave absorber. In this composition, an electroconductive titanium oxide is compounded with a substrate. With regard to the substrate, there may be used thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, rubber or elastomer.

Abstract: A SnO2 film having a prescribed pattern feature is formed on a substrate by a wet film-formation technology (e.g., sol-gel method). A Ni film is formed on the SnO2 film by an electroless plating method. The electroless plating method is conducted in the presence of at least one sulfur-containing compound selected from the group consisting of thiosulfates, thiocyanates and sulfur-containing organic compounds.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device comprising: a first plating layer formed on one surface of an interconnect pattern; a second plating layer formed within through holes in the interconnect pattern; a semiconductor chip electrically connected to the first plating layer; an anisotropic conductive material provided on the first plating layer; and a conductive material provided on the second plating layer, wherein the first plating layer has appropriate adhesion properties with the anisotropic conductive material, and the second plating layer has appropriate adhesion properties with the conductive material.

Abstract: There is provided a tandem mass spectrometry that, in a quadrupole ion trap, allows small mass-number product ions to be detected without lowering the sensitivity and the resolution. In the quadrupole ion trap, ions are produced by an ion source. Next, the ions are accumulated within a 3-dimensional quadrupole electric field formed by a pair of endcap electrodes and a ring electrode. Finally, the accumulated ions are isolated and dissociated, then being detected. In this quadrupole ion trap, there are provided a mechanism for introducing a laser light, and a mechanism for generating a supplemental alternating-current electric field at the time of the ion dissociation. Moreover, the direction of the supplemental alternating-current electric field and the introduction direction of the laser light are made identical to each other.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine has a supercharger connected to an intake passage of the internal combustion engine and driven by a motor, a bypass passage which is provided for the intake passage in such a manner as to bypass the supercharger, flow amount adjustment device which arbitrarily adjusts a flow amount of air flowing through the bypass passage, and controller which controls the motor and the flow amount adjustment device. The flow amount adjustment device is electrically driven. The controller stops the supercharger from performing supercharging after driving the flow amount adjustment device and starting suction of air via the bypass passage.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine fuel supply system includes a fuel discharge apparatus having a vapor removal system. The fuel discharge apparatus includes an apparatus body, a fuel chamber defined in the body, a fuel inlet connected to a fuel tank, a fuel supply path partially defined by the fuel inlet and connecting the fuel chamber to the fuel tank, a fuel discharge outlet, a fuel return outlet for return of excess fuel to the fuel tank, and a reflux path connecting the fuel supply path to the fuel return outlet. A vapor blocking member is provided in the fuel supply path at a bifurcation point at which the reflux path branches from the fuel supply path. The reflux path is arranged such that vapor blocked by the vapor blocking member rises from the bifurcation point and through the reflux path to the fuel return outlet due to self-buoyancy of the vapor.

Abstract: There is provided a soft magnetic member comprising a resin film 2, a metal sublayer 3 formed on the resin film 2 and a soft magnetic metal layer 4a formed on the metal sublayer 3. In the soft magnetic metal layer 4a, on the side of the metal sublayer 3, there is formed a region having a higher Fe concentration and a higher saturation flux density than other regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique of controlling cache operation on a node device in a computer system that enables transmission and receipt of data between clients and a storage device via the node device. In accordance with a first control method, the data stored in the storage device includes attribute data, as to whether or not the data is cacheable. This application enables the node device to relay non-cacheable data without process of the cache. In accordance with a second control method, the node device encrypts the data when caching the data in the disk. In accordance with a third control method, non-cacheable data is transmitted and received directly without going through the node device. These applications enable the cache in the node device to be restricted, and thereby ensure security.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar cell, and a method for manufacturing the same, that includes a layer having Zn, Mg, and O, and with which an increase in efficiency can be achieved. The solar cell includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, a p-type semiconductor layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and a layer A disposed between the second electrode layer and the p-type semiconductor layer, the layer A includes Zn, Mg, O, and at least one element M selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, In, and Ga, and photoelectromotive force is generated due to light that is incident from the second electrode layer side.

Abstract: To easily determine an orientation of a semiconductor device, a semiconductor device includes a substrate including electrode electrically connected to an integrated circuit, an external terminal electrically connected to the electrode, and a light transmissive insulation layer provided on the external terminal side of the substrate, and a mark provided on the substrate and covered by the insulation layer and recognizable through the insulation layer.

Abstract: A drive control circuit generates a conduction drive output responsive to a detection output of an accelerator pedal depression degree sensor and an air-intake throttle-valve opening sensor, and controls a driving switch element connected to an air-intake throttle-valve opening control motor. A monitoring control circuit drives a control circuit power supply interruption element that closes a control power supply circuit of the driving switch element, and stops control operation of the driving switch element by a conduction-inhibit output. The drive control circuit can stop operation of a power supply interruption element by a feed-inhibit output. At the time of starting operation, a status signal determines activeness of the feed-inhibit output and conduction-inhibit output, after confirming that those outputs are normal, the inhibition is released.

Abstract: An Internet Service Provider provides IPv6 connectivity to a customer without requiring that the customer upgrade its network containing IPv4 components. The Internet Service Provider makes at least one point of presence including at least one IPv6 Connect Agent available to customers. The Internet Service Provider allows a customer's IPv6 enabled node located within the customer's network containing IPv4 components to automatically discover an IPv6 Connect Agent. The Internet Service Provider facilitates IPv6 communication between the customer's IPv6 enabled node and the discovered IPv6 Connect Agent, across the customer's network containing IPv4 components.

Abstract: A memory circuit (14) having features specifically adapted to permit the memory circuit (14) to serve as a video frame memory is disclosed. The memory circuit (14) contains a dynamic random access memory array (24) with buffers (18, 20) on input and output data ports (22) thereof to permit asynchronous read, write and refresh accesses to the memory array (24). The memory circuit (14) is accessed both serially and randomly. An address generator (28) contains an address buffer register (36) which stores a random access address and an address sequencer (40) which provides a stream of addresses to the memory array (24). An initial address for the stream of addresses is the random access address stored in the address buffer register (36).

Abstract: The technique of the present invention enhances reading speed of data from a disk device in a computer system capable of transmission and reception of the data via a node device 200 between a client 100 and a storage device 300. A share volume PDc and specific volumes PDa and PDb are defined in the disk device on the storage device 300. Common data among respective clients and specific data corresponding to the individual client are stored in the share volume and specified volumes, respectively. Once respective clients request virtual volumes VDa and VDb to read the data, the storage device reads out the corresponding data from the share volume or the specific volume. This application avoids lowering the reading speed regardless of the concentration of accesses from a plurality of clients because most data can be read from the share volume.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device configured by a select MOS transistor provided with a gate insulator film and a select gate electrode, as well as a memory MOS transistor provided with a capacitor insulator film comprising a lower potential barrier film, a charge trapping film, and an upper potential barrier film, as well as a memory gate electrode. The charge trapping film is formed with a silicon oxynitride film and the upper potential barrier film is omitted or its thickness is limited to 1 nm and under to prevent the Gm degradation to be caused by the silicon oxynitride film, thereby lowering the erasure gate voltage. The charge trapping film is formed with a silicon oxynitride film used as a main charge trapping film and a silicon nitride film formed on or beneath the silicon oxynitride film so as to form a potential barrier effective only for holes. And, a hot-hole erasing method is employed to lower the erasure voltage.