Abstract: A density/solute monitor having at least one ultrasound probe, a signal processing unit, and a computing mechanism, and process for using the same, to measure phase shift between emitting and receiving ultrasound, sound velocity, compressibility, density, and solute concentration of fluid flowing through a fluid processing system. The ultrasound probe emits and receives ultrasound waves through the fluid and the signal-processing unit and computing mechanism process the ultrasound waves to determine phase and time shift. The computing mechanism converts phase shift to density, compressibility, and solute concentration measurements of the fluid. Calibrating fluids calibrate the detected phase shift in terms of sound velocity in the factory. Measurements provide information about passage of solutes and flow to achieve better solute collection efficiency, solution purity, and control of fluid processing systems.

Abstract: This invention provides ways to fabricate nanotubes and nanobead arrays by utilizing nanopores in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Nanotubes of bismuth and other low melting point metals with controlled diameters and lengths can be fabricated by sintering AAO coated with appropriate metals at temperatures above their melting points. Carbon nanotubes may also be readily formed by carbonizing a polymer on the interior walls of the nanopores in AAO membranes. Palladium nanobead arrays which can be used as ultrafast hydrogen sensors are fabricated by coating the flat surface of AAO membranes with controlled pore-wall ratios.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus for measuring spectrum and image with high spatial resolution and spectral resolution. The apparatus comprises an imaging side telecentric lens for collecting light from an object, an optical slit positioned behind the imaging side telecentric lens, an aspheric lens for collimating lights from the optical slits, a dispersing device for separating the lights of different wavelengths into a plurality of sub-rays of different entrance angle, an achromatic lens for focusing the sub-rays, and an optical sensor for detecting the optical intensity of the sub-rays. The dispersing device can be a transmission or reflection diffraction grating, and the optical sensor may consist of a plurality of photo-detectors positioned in a two dimensional array.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an integrated circuit package, the method including installing a carrier onto a substrate, attaching a semiconductor die to the substrate, and aligning an assembly over the semiconductor die, wherein the assembly includes a heat sink and a thermally conductive element. This aspect further includes resting the assembly on the carrier such that the thermally conductive element does not directly contact the semiconductor die, and encapsulating the thermally conductive element and the heat sink such that a portion of the heat sink is exposed to the surroundings of the package.

Abstract: An in situ polymer microstructure formation method. The monomer mixture is polymerized in a solvent/precipitant through exposure to ionizing radiation in the absence any chemical mediators. If an exposure mask is employed to block out certain regions of the radiation cross section, then a patterned microstructure is formed. The polymerization mechanism is based on the so-called free-radical retrograde-precipitation polymerization process, in which polymerization occurs while the system is phase separating above the lower critical solution temperature. This method was extended to produce a crosslinked line grid-pattern of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), which has been known to have thermoreversible properties.

Abstract: An in situ polymer microstructure formation method. The monomer mixture is polymerized in a solvent/precipitant through exposure to ionizing radiation in the absence any chemical mediators. If an exposure mask is employed to block out certain regions of the radiation cross section, then a patterned microstructure is formed. The polymerization mechanism is based on the so-called free-radical retrograde-precipitation polymerization process, in which polymerization occurs while the system is phase separating above the lower critical solution temperature. This method was extended to produce a crosslinked line grid-pattern of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), which has been known to have thermoreversible properties.

Abstract: A density/solute monitor having at least one ultrasound probe, a signal processing unit, and a computing mechanism, and process for using the same, to measure phase shift between emitting and receiving ultrasound, sound velocity, compressibility, density, and solute concentration of fluid flowing through a fluid processing system. The ultrasound probe emits and receives ultrasound waves through the fluid and the signal-processing unit and computing mechanism process the ultrasound waves to determine phase and time shift. The computing mechanism converts phase shift to density, compressibility, and solute concentration measurements of the fluid. Calibrating fluids calibrate the detected phase shift in terms of sound velocity in the factory. Measurements provide information about passage of solutes and flow to achieve better solute collection efficiency, solution purity, and control of fluid processing systems.

Abstract: A new class of organic superconductors having the formula (ET).sub.2 MX.sub.2 wherein ET represents bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene, M is a metal such as Au, Ag, In, Tl, Rb, Pd and the like and X is a halide. The superconductor (ET).sub.2 AuI.sub.2 exhibits a transition temperature of 5 K. which is high for organic superconductors.

Abstract: A new class of organic superconductors having the formula (ET).sub.2 MX.sub.2 wherein ET represents bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene, M is a metal such as Au, Ag, In, Tl, Rb, Pd and the like and X is a halide. The superconductor (ET).sub.2 AuI.sub.2 exhibits a transition temperature of 5 K which is high for organic superconductors.