Abstract: The present invention relates to [1] a process for producing a lignin degradation product, including the following steps (1) to (3), and [2] a lignin degradation product produced by the process as described in the above [1]: Step (1): subjecting a lignocellulose raw material to enzymatic saccharification treatment to obtain a saccharification residue; Step (2): subjecting the saccharification residue obtained in the step (1) to heat treatment in a mixed solvent containing water and an organic solvent having a solubility in 20° C. water of not less than 90 g/L to obtain a heat treatment solution containing the lignin degradation product; and Step (3): subjecting the heat treatment solution obtained in the step (2) to solid-liquid separation to remove insoluble components from the heat treatment solution, thereby obtaining the lignin degradation product.

Abstract: To provide a cleansing composition showing excellent properties during cleansing and rinsing while satisfying foam performance. The hair cleansing composition according to the invention contains the following ingredients (A), (B), (C), and (D) at a weight ratio of Ingredient (A) to Ingredient (B) [(A)/(B)] is of from 0.1 to 1.2 and at a weight ratio of Ingredient (A) to Ingredient (C) [(A)/(C)] of from 0.1 to 1.2: (A) an ether carboxylate surfactant, (B) an ether sulfate surfactant, (C) a betaine amphoteric surfactant, (D) a cationic-group containing copolymer obtained by the copolymerization of a monomer mixture containing three monomers.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a latent image forming unit forming a latent image; a transfer body on which a reference index for setting an output start time point of image data is formed; a detecting unit facing the reference index and outputting a detection signal changing in accordance with passing of the reference index; a measuring unit measuring change duration time; and a controller controlling the output start time point with the detection signal. The controller starts a first period during which change of the detection signal is ignored, according to first change of the detection signal, starts a second period after the first period, regards change of the detection signal occurring first in the second period as a reference of the output start time point if the change duration time is longer than a predetermined period, and ignores change of the detection signal after the change occurring first.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a latent image forming unit forming a latent image; a transfer body on which a reference index for setting an output start time point of image data is formed; a detecting unit outputting a detection signal changing according to passing of an adhesion material on the transfer body; a controller that starts a first period during which change of the detection signal is ignored, according to first change of the detection signal, starts a second period after the first period, regards second change of the detection signal occurring first in the second period as a reference of the output start time point, and ignores change of the detection signal after the second change, to control outputting the image data; and a cleaning information outputting unit outputting information on cleaning the transfer body according to the number of changes of the detection signal in these periods.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided. An exposure component is equipped with a plurality of light emitting elements arrayed along a first direction. An output component is equipped with output ends corresponding to each of the light emitting elements and the output component, when correcting an amount of misalignment in the first direction, outputs drive signals of one line corresponding to a line on a most upstream side of drive signals of plural lines from the output ends that have been shifted by a number corresponding to the amount of misalignment in the first direction. A plurality of connecting wires interconnect each of the output ends and each of the light emitting elements. A judging component is connected to each of the connecting wires, and judges whether or not the drive signals are being normally transmitted through the connecting wire that the judging component has selected.

Abstract: A set value output circuit includes a first output unit and a second output unit. The first output unit outputs a signal input to a first input when a first timing signal is input to a second input, and continues to output the signal until a next first timing signal is input. The second output unit outputs the signal input to a third input when the second timing signal is input to a fourth input, and continues to output the signal until a next second timing signal is input. A selection unit inputs a selected timing signal as the second timing signal to the fourth input. A control unit inputs the first timing signal to the second input, so that a set value for an image to be formed next is output during image formation using the signal output from the second output.

Abstract: An exposing device includes a plurality of exposing units which forms a latent image, wherein exposing units includes: an exposure light source; a rotating polyhedron that reflects light from the exposure light source; a driving source that rotates the rotating polyhedron; a first detecting unit that detects the number of rotations of the driving source; a second detecting unit that detects the light from the exposure light source at a position; and a control unit that performs a first control of the driving source based on a detection signal of the first detecting unit at a start of the rotation of the rotating polyhedron and thereafter performs a second control of the driving source based on a detection signal of the second detecting unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a latent image forming unit forming a latent image; a transfer body on which a reference index for setting an output start time point of image data is formed; a detecting unit outputting a detection signal changing according to passing of an adhesion material on the transfer body; a controller that starts a first period during which change of the detection signal is ignored, according to first change of the detection signal, starts a second period after the first period, regards second change of the detection signal occurring first in the second period as a reference of the output start time point, and ignores change of the detection signal after the second change, to control outputting the image data; and a cleaning information outputting unit outputting information on cleaning the transfer body according to the number of changes of the detection signal in these periods.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a latent image forming unit forming a latent image; a transfer body on which a reference index for setting an output start time point of image data is formed; a detecting unit facing the reference index and outputting a detection signal changing in accordance with passing of the reference index; a measuring unit measuring change duration time; and a controller controlling the output start time point with the detection signal. The controller starts a first period during which change of the detection signal is ignored, according to first change of the detection signal, starts a second period after the first period, regards change of the detection signal occurring first in the second period as a reference of the output start time point if the change duration time is longer than a predetermined period, and ignores change of the detection signal after the change occurring first.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a latent image forming unit scanning and exposing an image carrier according to image data, to form a latent image; a transfer body on which a toner image is transferred and a reference index for setting an output start time point of the image data is formed; a detecting unit facing the reference index and outputting a detection signal changing in accordance with passing of the reference index; and a controller controlling the output start time point with the detection signal. The controller starts a first period during which change of the detection signal is ignored, according to first change of the detection signal, starts a second period after the first period, regards second change of the detection signal occurring first in the second period as a reference of the output start time point, and ignores change of the detection signal after the second change.

Abstract: An exposure device includes a light source, an image processing unit, and a light emitting control unit. In the light source, plural light emitting elements are arranged in main scanning and in sub-scanning directions. The image processing unit, based on image information relating to an image and processing information relating to a processing method of the image, executes image processing of converting into image information for exposure in a processing method corresponding to the processing information. The light emitting control unit controls the light emitting elements in accordance with the image information for exposure to emit light beams. The light emitting control unit controls the light emitting elements which are to emit the light beams based on a periodicity, in the sub-scanning direction, corresponding to the image processing executed in the image processing unit and a periodicity of an arrangement of the light emitting elements in the sub-scanning direction.

Abstract: Provided is a skin detergent composition containing a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate or an alkyl sulfate which composition is high in foam viscosity and creamy in foam quality.

Abstract: Provided is a detergent composition containing a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate or an alkyl sulfate which composition is excellent and creamy in foam quality, and excellent in storage stability. The detergent composition contains the following components (A), (B) and (C): (A) a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate or an alkyl sulfate represented by a general formula (1): R1O(CH2CH2O)nSO3M??(1); (B) myristyl alcohol; (C) one or more nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylate (C-1) represented by a general formula (2) and a glyceryl ether (C-2) represented by a general formula (3): R2O-(AO)n—R3??(2) wherein the weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) is (A)/(B)=91.5/8.5 to 80/20, the weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (C) is (A)/(C)=98/2 to 85/15, the weight ratio of the component (B) to the component (C) is (B)/(C)=90/10 to 30/70, and the content of the component (B) is 1.6 to 14% by weight.

Abstract: To provide a cleansing composition showing excellent properties during cleansing and rinsing while satisfying foam performance. The hair cleansing composition according to the invention contains the following ingredients (A), (B), (C), and (D) at a weight ratio of Ingredient (A) to Ingredient (B) [(A)/(B)] is of from 0.1 to 1.2 and at a weight ratio of Ingredient (A) to Ingredient (C) [(A)/(C)] of from 0.1 to 1.2: (A) an ether carboxylate surfactant, (B) an ether sulfate surfactant, (C) a betaine amphoteric surfactant, (D) a cationic-group containing copolymer obtained by the copolymerization of a monomer mixture containing three monomers.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided. An exposure component is equipped with a plurality of light emitting elements arrayed along a first direction. An output component is equipped with output ends corresponding to each of the light emitting elements and the output component, when correcting an amount of misalignment in the first direction, outputs drive signals of one line corresponding to a line on a most upstream side of drive signals of plural lines from the output ends that have been shifted by a number corresponding to the amount of misalignment in the first direction. A plurality of connecting wires interconnect each of the output ends and each of the light emitting elements. A judging component is connected to each of the connecting wires, and judges whether or not the drive signals are being normally transmitted through the connecting wire that the judging component has selected.

Abstract: An exposing device includes a plurality of exposing units which forms a latent image, wherein exposing units includes: an exposure light source; a rotating polyhedron that reflects light from the exposure light source; a driving source that rotates the rotating polyhedron; a first detecting unit that detects the number of rotations of the driving source; a second detecting unit that detects the light from the exposure light source at a position; and a control unit that performs a first control of the driving source based on a detection signal of the first detecting unit at a start of the rotation of the rotating polyhedron and thereafter performs a second control of the driving source based on a detection signal of the second detecting unit.

Abstract: A set value output circuit includes a first output unit and a second output unit. The first output unit outputs a signal input to a first input when a first timing signal is input to a second input, and continues to output the signal until a next first timing signal is input. The second output unit outputs the signal input to a third input when the second timing signal is input to a fourth input, and continues to output the signal until a next second timing signal is input. A selection unit inputs a selected timing signal as the second timing signal to the fourth input. A control unit inputs the first timing signal to the second input, so that a set value for an image to be formed next is output during image formation using the signal output from the second output.

Abstract: Provided is a skin detergent composition containing a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate or an alkyl sulfate which composition is high in foam viscosity and creamy in foam quality.

Abstract: Provided is a detergent composition containing a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate or an alkyl sulfate which composition is excellent and creamy in foam quality, and excellent in storage stability. The detergent composition contains the following components (A), (B) and (C): (A) a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate or an alkyl sulfate represented by a general formula (1): R1O—(CH2CH2O)nSO3M??(1); (B) myristyl alcohol; (C) one or more nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of an alkoxylate (C-1) represented by a general formula (2) and a glyceryl ether (C-2) represented by a general formula (3): R2O—(AO)n—R3??(2) wherein the weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) is (A)/(B)=91.5/8.5 to 80/20, the weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (C) is (A)/(C)=98/2 to 85/15, the weight ratio of the component (B) to the component (C) is (B)/(C)=90/10 to 30/70, and the content of the component (B) is 1.6 to 14% by weight.

Abstract: A windshield defroster assembly for a vehicle dashboard including a defroster outlet having a plate attached therein to control the direction of flow of the heated air. The plate is slanted to direct the flow of the heated air. The bottom edge of the plate remains underneath the bottom surface of the dashboard. Heated air hits the rear surface of the plate, and the blowing direction of the heated air follows along the rear surface of the plate. When the heated air is discharged from the defroster outlet, the heated air is concentrated on an area of the windshield thereby removing frost and moisture from the entire surface of the windshield. A top edge of the plate is disposed at most only slightly over a top surface of the dashboard, so that the plate does not prevent the driver from seeing outside of the vehicle through the windshield.