Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and a related apparatus, to meet a multicast service data packet transmission security requirement. An access device may determine a user plane security active state of a multicast data radio bearer (DRB) in a protocol data unit (PDU) session, and indicate the user plane security active state of the multicast DRB to a terminal. The user plane security active state includes whether integrity protection is activated and/or whether confidentiality protection is activated. In addition, the access device configures a multicast packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer entity based on the user plane security active state of the DRB for transmitting multicast service data. The access device may further determine a user plane security active state of a unicast DRB, indicate the user plane security active state to the terminal, and modify a unicast PDCP layer entity.

Abstract: This application provides example communication methods and apparatuses. One example communication apparatus receives a container from each of a plurality of candidate access network devices, and sends the container of each of the plurality of candidate access network devices to a terminal. Subsequently, after determining that the terminal needs to switch to a second access network device in the plurality of candidate access network devices, the communication apparatus sends, to the terminal via a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer message, information for triggering the terminal to switch to the second access network device and information indicating a first Next hop Chaining Counter (NCC).

Abstract: A secure communication method and apparatus are disclosed, to ensure security of a direct communication between terminal devices. In this application, a first terminal device may receive a key generation parameter from a first network element, where the key generation parameter includes a ProSe temporary identity of the first terminal device. Then, the first terminal device may generate a first discovery key based on the key generation parameter. The first terminal device sends a ProSe request message, where the ProSe request message includes the ProSe temporary identity and a message integrity code, and the message integrity code is generated based on the discovery key. The second terminal device receives the ProSe request message, and verifies the first terminal device based on the message integrity code, to ensure the security of a direct communication between the first terminal device and the second terminal device.

Abstract: A method of delivering data to a vehicle including transmitting a request for the data from a vehicle to a database. The data stored in the database is tagged with location information. A location of the vehicle is determined. The data in the database tagged with location information within a predetermined distance of the determined location of the vehicle is determined. The data is delivered to the vehicle based on the determined location of the vehicle. The delivered data is displayed on a display disposed in the vehicle.

Abstract: A card with a toggle adjusting device includes a housing, toggle adjusting component, circuit board, microprocessor, data communication unit, power supply device, adjustable electrical signal device, and data storage. The toggle adjusting component and the adjustable electrical signal device constitute a toggle adjusting assembly, and different position states of multiple groups of toggle adjusting components after toggling are converted into different electric signals. The data communication unit is connected to the microprocessor through the wires on the circuit board to exchange data. The data storage and the microprocessor are connected inside a chip. The power supply device is connected to the microprocessor. The housing includes front and back packaging shells, showing a thin sheet structure. When the card is read, the time for sequentially and repeatedly checking and reading all the toggle adjusting components can be completed within 0.1 second.

Abstract: Dielectric polymer films and electronic energy storage devices (e.g., thin film capacitors) comprising the dielectric polymer films are described herein. The polymer films comprise aromatic polysulfates and polysulfonates of Formula I, as described herein: [—O-A1-O—S(O)2—X1-A2-X1—S(O)2—]n (I). Preferred polymers have glass transition temperatures of at least about 120° C. (e.g., 150 to 330° C.), and are useful as dielectric materials in electrostatic energy storage devices such as polymer film capacitors, which can operate under harsh electrification conditions, e.g., high electric field and elevated temperatures.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communication apparatus, and is applied to a scenario in which a terminal device registers with a home network separately via a first mobility management function network element and a second mobility management function network element. When determining that the second mobility management function network element is capable of performing primary authentication on the terminal device, the home network element sends, to the first mobility management function network element, a notification message indicating to delete a first pending flag, to avoid re-triggering primary authentication on the terminal device when the terminal device subsequently accesses the first mobility management function network element again. This reduces signaling overheads.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a tribochemical in-situ characterization device and application. The tribochemical in-situ characterization device includes an ATR support member, an ATR crystal and a heating module, a sample groove is formed in the ATR support member, a light path channel communicated with a bottom of the sample groove is formed in the ATR support member, the ATR crystal is mounted in the light path channel, and the heating module is arranged on a lower end surface of the ATR crystal. The tribochemical in-situ characterization device further includes a mechanical friction device that is arranged in the sample groove and above the ATR crystal. The mechanical friction device includes a sliding rail fixed to a top of the ATR support member, an adapter block slidably arranged on the sliding rail and a grinding head detachably fixed to a lower end of the adapter block.

Abstract: A communication method and a communication apparatus are provided. In a procedure for user equipment parameters update, a data management network element may store a header of a UPU container as a new type of data set in a UPU list, or may add a field to the UPU list to store the header of the UPU container, and provide, for an authentication network element, the UPU list including the header of the UPU container, so that the authentication network element can obtain, based on the UPU list including the header of the UPU container, a message authentication code used to perform integrity protection on the UPU list. The message authentication code obtained in this way may also be used to perform integrity protection on the header of the UPU container.

Abstract: An example operation includes one or more of extracting testing targets of a software system from a document that describes requirements of the software system, generating a graph model which comprises nodes corresponding to the testing targets and edges between the nodes corresponding to correlations between the testing targets, receiving a request to generate a test case for a testing target among the testing targets, retrieving graph data from the graph model based on the testing target and executing a machine learning model on the graph data to generate the test case for the testing target, and executing the test case on the software system to generate test results.

Abstract: A communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes after a second node sends first indication information to a first node by using a message that is not security protected, the first node requests an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) donor node to verify whether the first indication information is trustworthy, so that the first node performs a subsequent operation based on a verification result of the IAB donor node. This eliminates a security risk in a communication process, and help improve communication quality.

Abstract: An example operation includes one or more of executing a plurality of machine learning (ML) models on questions to generate a plurality of outputs which include a plurality of chains of thought (COT), respectively, generating a mapping between a plurality of different types of tasks and the plurality of ML models, respectively, based on the plurality of COT, receiving a request to execute a predictive process that includes a plurality of sub-tasks, executing a software as a service (SaaS) ML model on the plurality of sub-tasks and the mapping to identify a subset of ML models from among the plurality of ML models for performing the plurality of sub-tasks, respectively, and generating a map that identifies which ML models will perform which sub-tasks, respectively, and an order in which the plurality of sub-tasks are to be executed during the predictive process.

Abstract: This application relates to batteries with an asymmetric design. At least some batteries described herein include two sections having different shapes and/or sizes, thus having different volumes. Having a battery formed with a relatively larger sections allows for several advantages. For example, the larger section can accommodate bending of a tab used to connect several electrodes together. Additionally, with the larger section providing space for the bent tab, the electrodes can be extended in, for example, the relatively smaller section. As a result, the battery can provide additional energy storage.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication protection method that includes: a terminal device sends an application session establishment request message to a first application function network element (AF), where the application session establishment request message includes an authentication and key management for application (AKMA) key identifier; and the terminal device receives an application session establishment response message from the first AF, where the application session establishment response message includes a security activation indication. The security activation indication indicates whether to activate security protection on communication between the terminal device and a second AF. The security protection includes confidentiality protection and/or integrity protection performed based on a security key, and the security key is generated based on an AKMA key corresponding to the AKMA key identifier.

Abstract: Provided are adoptive cell therapy methods involving the administration of doses of cells for treating disease and conditions, including certain B cell malignancies. The cells generally express recombinant receptors such as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). In some embodiments, the methods are for treating subjects with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In some embodiments, the methods are for treating subjects with relapsed or refractory NHL. Also provided are articles of manufacture and prophylactic treatments in connection with adoptive therapy methods.

Abstract: A action-flow including one or more proposed actions derived from the response of the least one agent with the adopted personality engaged in the debate, within the personality council is determined. The selection of at least one agent and at least one critic from a group of agents and critics, based on a user's query, is performed. The construction of a personality council for the large language model (LLM) based on the user's query and at least one agent and at least one critic is performed. The conduction one or more rounds of a debate, within the personality council, among the at least one agent and at the least one critic from the group of agents and critics, wherein a response of the least one agent with the adopted personality is critiqued by the least one critic, based on the user's query, until a threshold for concluding the debate is met or exceeded, is also performed.

Abstract: A communication method, performed by a first communication apparatus or a chip in the first communication apparatus, includes sending a first request to a first discovery key management network element. The first request is used to request a security parameter. The first request includes an identifier of a proximity-based service. The proximity-based service is a proximity-based service provided by a second communication apparatus for the first communication apparatus. The communication method also includes receiving the security parameter and an identifier of the security parameter from the first discovery key management network element. The communication method further includes receiving a discovery message from the second communication apparatus. The discovery message carries the identifier of the proximity-based service and the identifier of the security parameter.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided to compress a tool prompt. An original tool prompt is segmented into text chunks. At least one semantic vector representation of the text chunks is generated and a first semantic distribution of the original tool prompt is generated based on the at least one semantic vector representation. A perturbed semantic vector representation is generated by eliminating at least one text chunk from the text chunks, and a second semantic distribution is generated based on the perturbed semantic vector representation. A comparison of the first and second semantic distributions is performed to generate at least one similarity metric. A compressed tool prompt is generated based on the at least one similarity metric by eliminating one or more text chunks that have a similarity metric that is above a threshold similarity value.

Abstract: A method includes: User equipment determines whether confidentiality protection is activated for communication data between the user equipment and an application function device. The user equipment sends a user plane message to the application function device. The user plane message includes an identifier of the user equipment, and the identifier is an encrypted identifier in a case in which the confidentiality protection is inactivated.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A first network element receives a first request message from a second network element, where the first request message is used to request to perform a first operation on a first terminal device. The first network element determines, based on the first request message, whether the second network element is authorized to request to perform the first operation on the first terminal device. Whether a network element that sends a request message is authorized to request to perform a related operation is verified, to determine whether the network element is an attacker. This reduces impact on a system service resulting from requests of an attacker and improves system security.