Abstract: A process and device are provided for determining the axial position of two spindles or shafts, for example on machine tools, with respect to parallel offset and angular offset. The process includes moving both an optical transmitting device and also an optical receiving device each into at least three different rotary positions. In this way, pertinent circles can be defined by which the location of the axis of rotation of the first spindle or the center of rotation of the second spindle can be computed in relation to one another. The parallel offset of the spindles can thus be determined in the horizontal and in the vertical plane. To determine the angular offset of the two spindles, another measurement of this type must be taken in which the optical transmitting device and the receiving device are mounted interchanged with one another on the spindles.

Abstract: A device for detecting or analyzing machinery damage is used preferably in the determination of defects in roller bearings. Pulse-like machinery or bearing noise acquired by a sensor is converted into special time signals. These time signals correspond to events which are basically periodic in occurrence. The time signals are sent to one, preferably several, classification units depending on the time differences. Before classification, combination of adjacent time signals or events is performed using their pulse heights. The combining is multiplicative or obeys some other bivalent relation. Classification forms a frequency distribution with an abscissa which is divided into time units. Specific characteristics of the frequency distribution provide information on incipient or manifest machinery damage.

Abstract: A process for determining the alignment of a cylindrical body (10) with respect to a reference direction (18), by a position measurement probe (14) which is calibrated to the reference direction, a first position measurement being taken in a first measurement position on the peripheral surface (12) of the body and a second position measurement being taken in at least one second measurement position on the peripheral surface of the body which is displaced by an angle of rotation (&phgr;) in the peripheral direction with respect to the axis of the body from the first measurement position, and from the measurements data is calculated with respect to the alignment of the body with respect to the reference direction.

Abstract: A process for analyzing a signal which composed of a sequence of discrete amplitude values to which portions with different phase angle contribute. Here, a reshaped signal is formed in which the sequence of amplitude values is changed such that the amplitude values, or instead of them approximation values which have been brought near the amplitude values, follow one another in ascending or descending sequences according to their size.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for analysis of roller bearings (15) which have been installed in machines, by means of a sensor (10) a signal being recorded which is produced by the rolling motion, and the signal amplitude is evaluated in order to determine the presence and optionally the depth of the damage in the roller bearing running surface (56). In doing so a dynamic model of the roller bearing in the machine is considered, in which at least the bilateral contact stiffnesses (4, 6) of the rolling elements are considered in order to determine the transfer function between the force caused by the damage and the corresponding sensor signal which is then taken into account in the signal amplitude evaluation. The invention furthermore relates to a corresponding analysis device.

Abstract: A device for aligning two machine shafts which are coupled to one another has:

Abstract: A process and apparatus for determining the damage on at least one cyclically moving machine component, whereby a signal caused by the motion of the component is picked up by a sensor. At least one portion of the signal with an adjustable period is separated, and the remaining or separated part of the signal is subjected to damage analysis. In addition, a process and apparatus for separating periodic signal portions from a signal is provided, whereby the signal is supplied as an input signal to a rotating ring storage which is formed by cyclically arranged storage elements which are supplied in succession with the input signal currently at the input of the ring storage. A rotation frequency is synchronized with the period duration of the desired signal portions, and the desired signal portions are obtained as the output signal of the ring storage.

Abstract: A device for quantitative assessment of the aligned position of two machine parts, workpieces or the like is used especially for purposes of axis alignment or spindle alignment. A light beam is incident on an optoelectronic sensor which can be read out two-dimensionally and the impact point there is determined by the sensor. Part of the light beam is preferably reflected by the sensor directly onto a second optoelectronic sensor. The impact point of the reflected light beam there is determined in a feasible manner by the second sensor. The orientation of at least the first sensor relative the location of the light beam is determined from the signals of the two sensors.

Abstract: The effectiveness of a method for checking for exact alignment of two successive shafts, axles or the like is improved by the fact the no measures with respect to linearization or temperature compensation are necessary any longer by using a light-sensitive array as the light-sensitive sensor. The effects of outside light and reflections can be suppressed. The cross section and the quality of a detected laser beam can be checked especially by visual inspection. Production of the corresponding device for executing this process is facilitated. By using matched beam splitters and reflectors as well as light sources of different colors the number of optoelectronic sensors necessary can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: The shock protection device prevents damage to optically and micromechanically acting gyroscopes. The gyroscope or precision instrument to be protected can be located in an inner housing shell which is spaced apart from an outer housing shell by elastic elements, and is thereby protected against shock. The inner housing shell can be brought temporarily into accurate mechanical contact with the outer housing shell by an electromechanical device. The spatial orientations of the inner and outer housing shells then correspond with high precision. In a further embodiment of the invention, the electromechanical device can be used precisely conversely to deactivate an existing shock protection and temporarily to bring about direct contact between a sensing element and an object to be checked on the occasion of a measuring operation.

Abstract: A process and device are provided for determining the axial position of two spindles or shafts, for example on machine tools, with respect to parallel offset and angular offset. The process includes moving both an optical transmitting device and also an optical receiving device each into at least three different rotary positions. In this way, pertinent circles can be defined by which the location of the axis of rotation of the first spindle or the center of rotation of the second spindle can be computed in relation to one another. The parallel offset of the spindles can thus be determined in the horizontal and in the vertical plane. To determine the angular offset of the two spindles, another measurement of this type must be taken in which the optical transmitting device and the receiving device are mounted interchanged with one another on the spindles.

Abstract: A body to be bonded to a machine housing. The body may include a substantially flat adhesion surface provided with an undercut portion. The undercut portion may form a disc-like shoulder and an acute, wedge-shaped edge with the periphery of the adhesion surface, wherein the wedge-shaped edge is oriented to face away from the adhesion surface and to oppose the shoulder. The machine housing may further be provided with grooves adapted to improve the strength of a bond between an adhesive material and the adhesion surface.

Abstract: A device is proposed, which makes it possible to ascertain the relative position of the reference axis BA of an object relative to a reference beam Rp of an electromagnetic radiation, in particular a laser beam. The device displays a spatially fixed radiation transmitter S and—at the object end—a splitting mirror 22 as well as two position detectors 23 and 25. The splitting mirror branches a partial beam Rp′ off from the reference beam. The reference beam passing rectilinearly through the splitting mirror impinges on the one position detector and the partial beam on the other. The position detectors supply electrical signals, from which the position of the reference axis is ascertainable by means of a computer. The known devices of this species have an appreciable space requirement. This defect is eliminated by a particular structuring of the beam conduction and the additional use of special optical means.

Abstract: A body to be bonded to a machine housing. The body may include a substantially flat adhesion surface provided with an undercut portion. The undercut portion may form a disc-like shoulder and an acute, wedge-shaped edge with the periphery of the adhesion surface, wherein the wedge-shaped edge is oriented to face away from the adhesion surface and to oppose the shoulder. The machine housing may further be provided with grooves adapted to improve the strength of a bond between an adhesive material and the adhesion surface.

Abstract: A device is proposed, which makes it possible to ascertain the relative position of the reference axis BA of an object relative to a reference beam Rp of an electro-magnetic radiation, in particular a laser beam. The device displays a spatially fixed radiation transmitter S and at the object end a splitting mirror 22 as well as two position detectors 23 and 25. The splitting mirror branches a partial beam Rp′ off from the reference beam. The reference beam passing rectilinearly through the splitting mirror impinges on the one position detector and the partial beam on the other. The position detectors supply electrical signals, from which the position of the reference axis is ascertainable by means of a computer. The known devices of this species have an appreciable space requirement. This defect is eliminated by particular structuring of the beam conduction and the additional use of special optical means.

Abstract: A device is proposed, which makes it possible to ascertain the relative position of the reference axis BA of an object relative to a reference beam Rp of an electromagnetic radiation, in particular a laser beam. The device displays a spatially fixed radiation transmitter S and at the object end a splitting mirror 22 as well as two position detectors 23 and 25. The splitting mirror branches a partial beam RP′ off from the reference beam. The reference beam passing rectilinearly through the splitting mirror impinges on the one position detector and the partial beam on the other. The position detectors supply electrical signals, from which the position of the reference axis is ascertainable by means of a computer. The known devices of this species have an appreciable space requirement. This defect is eliminated by particular structuring of the beam conduction and the additional use of special optical means.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of mutually aligning bodies, in particular for the parallel alignment of shafts, rollers and the like, which can be carried out economically and simply in a substantially shorter time than the known methods used for this purpose. The essence of the invention is the use of an optical gyroscope, for example a fiber-optic gyroscope (5), in a position-measuring sensor (4) which is placed in turn in a specific position on the bodies (1, 2, 3) to be mutually aligned for a given time interval to measure the relative angular position. The position-measuring sensor (4) supplies angle data on the basis of which it can be established whether, and if necessary which, position corrections have to be made at the bodies in order to bring them into the desired state of alignment. The invention further concerns a position-measuring sensor which can be used in the method according to the invention.

Abstract: The spatial position of rollers or other mutually adjacent articles is measured or examined by indirect transport of a reference direction. To this end, an adaptor is placed on one of the rollers. The adaptor is equipped with a light source which emits a light beam substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of a roller. The light beam is sensed by a movable sensor unit. The latter determines, at the same time, the angle of incidence of the light beam according to two axes, relative to the sensor unit, and the orientation of the sensor unit relative to a reference axis system (laboratory system). A multi-axially operating gyroscope is used for the last-mentioned measurement. A suitably programmed electronic system or computer determines, from the two measured values, the orientation of the adaptor and of the roller with respect to azimuth and elevation in the laboratory system.

Abstract: A device for ascertaining misalignments of two shafts (1, 2) arranged one behind the other has a light emitter (6) rigidly fixed on one shaft (1) and which transmits in a manner known per se an alignment measurement beam (F) onto a detector surface (8a) of an optoelectronic position detector (8). According to the invention, the position detector (8) has another detector surface (8b) located next to the first detector surface (8a) and parallel thereto, and in front of which is mounted an optical inclinometer (9) to ascertain the momentary angle .alpha. of a predetermined radial reference direction of the shaft with respect to the earth perpendicular. The optical inclinometer (9) transmits the angle information as an angle-dependent position of a light spot on said second detector surface (8b). The angle .alpha.

Abstract: Proposed for detecting the relative position of two bodies (2, 3) or surface regions of bodies is an electro-optical measuring instrument which has, in a known way, a light beam transmitter (4), which can be attached to the one body (3) or surface region and transmits a focused light beam (L), and a single-axis or multi-axis optoelectronic position detector with a light-sensitive measuring surface (5). During measurement of the bodies (2, 3) or surface regions, the light beam (L) impinges on the measuring surface (5), and its point of impingement (LA) moves over the light-sensitive surface (5), during execution of a measuring movement, in a way which is characteristic of the current mutual alignment of the bodies (2, 3) or surface regions.