Abstract: A presensitized printing plate suitable for waterless planographic printing is disclosed, which comprises a layer support, a radiation-sensitive layer, an outer, ink-repellent, cross-linked silicone elastomer layer, and an intermediate layer of amorphous silicic acid, by which the adhesion of the silicone elastomer layer to the radiation-sensitive layer is improved. The adhesive layer is physiologically safe and effects a good anchoring of the silicone elastomer layer. The process of making and using the presensitized printing plate are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing highly viscous polyhexamethyleneadipamide by postpolycondensing the melt of a polymer having a relative viscosity of 2.5-2.7 (measured in a 1% strength solution in 96% strength sulfuric acid) in a twin-screw extruder having degassing zones and closely meshing screws which turn in the same direction. The polymer melt is polycondensed in the extruder by treatment in a plurality of serially arranged zones of alternatingly elevated and reduced pressure, wherein in the zones of elevated pressure, steam superheated to the temperature of the melt is supplied to the melt in an amount of 0.05-0.7 kg/kg of polymer, whereas in the zones of reduced pressure, the input vapor phase and water of condensation are drawn off. The temperature of the melt is raised at a uniform rate over the length of the extruder from 260.degree.-280.degree. C. in the first zone to 280.degree.-310.degree. C. in the last zone.

Abstract: A tool for the rolling of a metal foil onto the edge of a glass article in a wrinklefree manner comprises an elongated handle having a blade at one end of a guide path for the foil which peels the masking strip away from the adhesive layer of the foil and a pressing pin at the opposite end of the guide path which presses the foil against the edge of the glass.

Abstract: A tool for applying the margins of a metal foil strip which is adhesively bonded to the edge of a glass article onto the broad surfaces of the article comprises a handle having a pair of elongated arms merging into the handle and extending therefrom to straddle the edge of the article. The flanks have guide surfaces inclined to the longitudinal dimension of the tool to ride upon the edge of the article and surfaces which press the marginal portion of the strip onto the broad surfaces of the glass.

Abstract: A liquid developer and a charge control substance for developing positively charged electrostatic charge images. The developer comprises an electrically insulating carrier liquid having a high resistance and a low dielectric constant and which contains a pigment or dye, a resinous binder, the charge control substance and conventional additives in dispersion or solution. The charge control substance is a negative-controlling graft copolymer soluble in an aliphatic hydrocarbon and is obtained by grafting a carboxylic acid N-alkenylamide onto polymers soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons used as the carrier liquid. The carboxylic acid N-alkenylamide is a compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl,R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, andR.sub.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid developer with negatively charged toner particles for developing electrostatic charge images. It is composed of a carrier liquid of high electric resistivity and low dielectric constant, pigments or dyes, a binder, a dispersing agent and a charge control agent, such as an N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing polymer, a waxy substance and conventional additives. The liquid developer additionally contains at least one wax which is readily soluble in the carrier liquid at increasing temperatures, but difficultly soluble at room temperature, which reduces the specific electric conductivity of the liquid developer and which has a softening point within a range of from about 50.degree. to 120.degree. C. and an acid number of from about 0 to 200.

Abstract: An electrophotographic liquid developer is disclosed which is useful in the development of negatively charged charge images. The developer comprises an electrically insulating carrier liquid of high electrical resistivity and a low dielectric constant, a pigment or dye, a resinous binder, a charge controller comprising a copolymer of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and a methacrylic acid ester, and a poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone which has been alkylated with an .alpha.-olefin. A process for producing the liquid developer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid developer containing negatively charged toner particles for developing electrostatic charge images, comprising a carrier liquid having a high electrical resistivity and a low dielectric constant, a pigment or dye constituent, a resinous binder, a charge controller and conventional additives, wherein the pigment or dye constituent is dispersed in a solution of styrene/butadiene copolymer binder in the carrier liquid; and a process for preparing the liquid developer by mixing a dispersion of the pigment or dye constituent in a solution of the copolymer binder in the carrier liquid with a solution of the charge controller in the carrier liquid.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic material comprising an electrically conductive support, a photoconductive layer based on at least one organic photoconductive substance on the support, and a protective layer composed of at least one polymeric substance covering the photoconductive layer, said protective layer containing at least one photoconductive organic compound in a quantity of about 0.1 to 30 percent by weight, based on the weight of polymeric substance.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a copying process wherein a latent image produced on a chargeable imaging surface by electrostatic charging and exposure is developed by means of an aqueous ink and transferred onto a receiving material and the imaging surface is then cleaned, the improvement being that the imaging surface has a completely smooth, hydrophobic surface which preferably is not wetted by the aqueous ink applied by means of a known structured applicator element, and the cleaning liquid used to detach residual ink still present after transfer can be easily wiped off and forms a wetting angle of more than 90.degree. with the imaging surface.The invention also relates to the developer liquid and the cleaning liquid used in the process.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a liquid developer for the development of electrostatic charge images, comprising an electrically insulating carrier liquid in which pigments or dyestuffs, resinous binders, a polarity control agent, and conventional additives are dispersed or dissolved, the improvement that the polarity control agent is a copolymer which is soluble in the carrier liquid and is composed of 1 to 50 percent by weight of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 50 to 99 percent by weight of a methacrylic acid ester.

Abstract: A layer of selenium is removed from a metal base by contacting the layer with a fluid which contains an amine or a mercaptan at a temperature in the range between about 60.degree. and 150.degree. C. and then contacting the layer with an inert fluid at a temperature not exceeding 40.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid developer for developing electrostatic images which comprises an electrically insulating carrier liquid having dispersed therein pigmented polymer particles composed of pigment particles encapsulated by polymeric material and having a particle size in the range of about 0.1 to 12 .mu.m. The invention also includes a process for the preparation of the liquid developer.

Abstract: A drive mechanism for a pair of forging or stretching rollers comprising a hydraulic system including a pump, a hydraulic motor and switching means interposed between a main drive motor and the rollers.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic developer liquid comprising a dispersion of a colored, viscous solution of polymers containing about 0.01 to 10 per cent by weight of water, calculated on the weight of polymers present, in an electrically insulating carrier liquid having a kauri-butanol value of less than about 30 and in which at least one of the polymers is sparingly soluble. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the novel electrophotographic developer liquid.