Abstract: Process for the isolation of 1-naphthylamine-4,6- or 1-naphthylamine-4,7-disulphonic acid from sulphonation mixtures obtained in the sulphonation of 1-naphthylamine-6- or 1-naphthylamine-7-sulphonic acid with sulphuric acid and sulphur trioxide, wherein the aqueous solutions or suspensions formed, when the sulphonation mixtures are introduced into water, are warmed to 80.degree. to 120.degree. C., optionally kept for a period of time at this temperature, are then cooled to temperatures below 70.degree. C., and the 1-naphthylamine-4,6- or 1-naphthylamine-4,7-disulphonic acid which has crystallized out is finally filtered off.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acid N-tert.-butylamide of the formulaR--CO--CO--NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3in whichR is an aliphatic radical with up to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl or naphthyl radical or a heterocyclic radical,comprising reacting an acyl cyanide of the formulaR--CO--CNwith tert.-butyl methyl ether of the formula(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--O--CH.sub.3at a temperature between about 0.degree. and 80.degree. C. in the presence of an acid which is capable of activating the ether of formula (III) under the reaction conditions to give a tert.-butyl carbonium ion, and then hydrolyzing the reaction mixture. Advantageously the acyl cyanide is pivaloyl cyanide or benzoyl cyanide and is reacted with an approximately equimolar amount of the ether in the presence of about 1.1 to 1.5 times the molar amount of concentrated sulphuric acid as the activating acid. The products are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of known herbicides.

Abstract: Improved process for the preparation of 1-naphthylamine-4,6-disulphonic acid wherein the sulphonation of the 1-naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid is carried out by adding the oleum at a temperature of 10.degree. to 70.degree. C., either to initially introduce sulphuric acid simultaneously with the 1-naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid or to 1-naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid, which is dissolved or suspended in sulphuric acid, and by using such a molar ratio of sulphur trioxide to 1-naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid that 1.2 to 3 mols of sulphur trioxide are present per mol of 1-naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid. The sulphonation mixture formed in the preparation can be sulphonated in a second sulphonation stage to 1-naphthylamine-2,4,6-trisulphonic acid.

Abstract: In the preparation of 4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-(4H)-one of the formula ##STR1## wherein pivaloyl cyanide of the formula(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--CO--CNis reacted to form an intermediate, the intermediate is condensed with thiocarbohydrazide of the formulaNH.sub.2 --NH--CS--NH--NH.sub.2to form 4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazin-5-(4H)-one of the formula ##STR2## and the 4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazin-5-(4H)-one is alkylated to replace the H atom on the sulphur by --C.sub.1-4 --alkyl, the improvement which comprises reacting the pivaloyl cyanide with a carboxylic acid anhydride of the formulaR--CO--O--CO--Rin which R is an optionally substituted aliphatic radical with up to 8 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted phenyl radical, in the presence of a strong acid at a temperature between about -50.degree. and +150.degree. C., and then directly reacting the reaction mixture thus obtained with the thiocarbahydrazide. Advantageously R is CH.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a sulphonic acid chloride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and denote hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical or a cycloalkyl radical, halogen, aryl, aralkyl, aryl ether or a radical --SO.sub.2 Cl, --SO.sub.2 aryl, ##STR2## or wherein adjacent radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are linked to form a cycloaliphatic, aromatic or hetero-aromatic ring which is optionally substituted by a sulphonic acid chloride group by contacting an aromatic compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 of the above-mentioned meaning, with chlorosulphonic acid and thionyl chloride, the improvement residing in employing initially approximately stoichiometric amounts of aromatic compound and chlorosulphonic acid, effecting reaction of the aromatic compound and chlorosulphonic acid and thereafter contacting the reaction product with excess thionyl chloride.

Abstract: In the preparation of 4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-alkylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-(4H)-one of the formula ##STR1## wherein (1) pivaloyl cyanide of the formula(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--CO--CNis reacted to form a derivative of pyruvic acid, (2) the pyruvic acid derivative is condensed with thiocarbohydrazide of the formulaNH.sub.2 --NH--CS--NH--NH.sub.2to form 4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one of the formula ##STR2## and (3) this is alkylated, the improvement which comprises effecting step (1) by reaction with a carboxylic acid anhydride of the formulaR--CO--O--CO--Rin which R is an optionally substituted aliphatic radical with up to 8 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted phenyl radical, in the presence of a strong acid at a temperature between about -50.degree. and +150.degree. C., and then adding water to the reaction mixture, thereby to form trimethylpyruvic acid N-acylamide of the formula(CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--CO--CO--NH--CO--R.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the preparation of a sulphonic acid chloride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical or a cycloalkyl radical, halogen, aryl, aralkyl, aryl ether or a radical --SO.sub.2 Cl, --SO.sub.2 -aryl ##STR2## or wherein adjacent radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are linked to form a cycloaliphatic, aromatic or hetero-aromatic ring which is optionally substituted by a sulphonic acid chloride group wherein an aromatic compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above-identified meanings is reacted initially with chlorosulphonic acid and thereafter the reaction product is reacted with phosgene in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dichloromaleic acid diamides of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents an optionally substituted aliphatic radical with up to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical with 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a substituted phenyl radical which possess fungicidal properties and are produced by reacting a dichloromaleic acid halide of the formula ##STR2## in which X is halogen with an amine of the formulaH.sub.2 N--Rin a diluent and in the presence of an acid-binding agent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydroxy-diphenylamines by condensation of dihydroxybenzene with an excess amount of primary aromatic amine in the presence of a catalytic amount of an acid at elevated temperature is described wherein the excess aromatic amine and, if appropriate, the reaction product is distilled off from the reaction mixture in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Dichloromaleic acid diamides of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents an optionally substituted aliphatic radical with up to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical with 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a substituted phenyl radical,which possess fungicidal properties, are produced by reacting a dichloromaleic halide of the formula ##STR2## in which X is halogen,with an amine of the formulaH.sub.2 N--Rin a diluent and in the presence of an acid-binding agent.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the preparation of the sulphonic acid chloride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and denote hydrogen, a lower alkyl or cycloalkyl radical, halogen, nitro, aryl, aralkyl, aryl ether or a radical ##STR2## or wherein adjacent radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are linked to form a cycloaliphatic or aromatic carbocylic ring which is optionally substituted by a sulphonic acid chloride group by contacting a sulphonic acid of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the abovementioned meanings, with phosgene in the presence of a N,N-dialkylcarboxylic acid amide catalyst, the improvement wherein the process is carried out in the presence of a sulphonating agent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a sulfonic acid chloride of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and denote hydrogen, a lower alkyl or cycloalkyl radical, halogen, aryl, aralkyl, aryl-ether or one of the radicals ##STR2## or where ADJACENT RADICALS R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are linked to form a cycloaliphatic or aromatic carbocyclic ring which is optionally substituted by a sulfonic acid chloride groupWhich comprises contacting an aromatic compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the previously assigned significanceWith an approximately equimolar amount of a sulfonating agent, based upon the number of sulfonic acid chloride groups to be introduced and an excess of thionyl chloride, the sulfonating agent and thionyl chloride being initially introduced or added simultaneously with the addition of said aromatic compound.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for preparing benzenesulphonic acid chloride by reacting benzenesulphonic acid with thionyl chloride, the improvement residing in carrying out the process in the presence of a sulphonating agent.