Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of an olefinically unsaturated compound in the liquid phase by reaction, in a reaction section, with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a polar phase comprising: a non-aqueous ionic liquid which is at least partly miscible with the reaction products and comprises a salt of general formula Q+A−, in which Q+ represents a quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium and A− represents an anion; and a catalyst comprising a compound or a complex of a transition metal of groups 8, 9 and 10, optionally co-ordinated with a ligand containing at least one atom of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or nitrogen, comprises addition to the medium, after the reaction section, of an organic solvent in a manner such as to improve the separation by demixing of the crude reaction products from the said polar phase, which is recycled to the reaction section.

Abstract: A catalytic composition comprising at least one nickel compound mixed or complexed with at least one tertiary phosphine or a phosphite carrying a functional group, at least partly dissolved in a non-aqueous medium with an ionic nature resulting from bringing at least one aluminum halide into contact with at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide is useful for dimerizing, co-dimerizing and oligomerizing olefins. Functional group include, but are not limited to, an amine, a cyclic amine, a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, an ester, an acid, an alcohol, a quaternary ammonium, a quaternary phosphonium, a sulfonium, a sulfonate or a phosphonate group.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for the dimerization, the codimerization or the oligomerization of olefins results from the dissolution of at least one nickel complex that contains a heterocyclic carbene in a liquid mixture that comprises at least one ammonium halide or quaternary phosphonium halide, at least one aluminum halide and optionally at least one organometallic aluminum compound. It is used in a process of dimerization, codimerization or oligomerization of olefins.

Abstract: A composition defined:

Abstract: An improved catalyst based on cobalt and/or rhodium dissolved in a non-aqueous ionic solvent which is liquid at a temperature of less than 90° C. More particularly, the catalyst comprises at least one complex of cobalt and/or rhodium coordinated with at least one nitrogen-containing ligand and the non-aqueous ionic solvent comprises at least one quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium cation and at least one inorganic anion.

Abstract: In order to carry out selective dimerization of propylene principally into branched dimers, a catalytic composition resulting from at least partly dissolving a nickel compound mixed or complexed with a tertiary phosphine carrying a functional group is used in a medium resulting from mixing at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide, at least one aluminum halide and optionally at least one organometallic aluminum compound.

Abstract: A process for production, from an olefinic C4 fraction, on the one hand, of high-purity isobutene and, on the other hand, of propylene by metathesis is described.

Abstract: In an improved process for hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds using a catalyst based on cobalt and/or rhodium employed in a two-phase medium, a catalyst based on cobalt and/or rhodium is used dissolved in a non-aqueous ionic solvent which is liquid at a temperature of less than 90° C., in which the aldehydes formed are slightly soluble or insoluble. More particularly, the catalyst comprises at least one complex of cobalt and/or rhodium co-ordinated with at least one nitrogen-containing ligand and the non-aqueous ionic solvent comprises at least one quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium cation and at least one inorganic anion. At the end of the reaction, the organic phase is generally separated and the ionic non-aqueous solvent phase containing the catalyst can be re-used.

Abstract: A nickel catalytic system that makes it possible to obtain branched compounds from fatty substances by reacting simple olefins on polyunsaturated esters, which may or may not be conjugated, is described. The compounds that are obtained may be hydrogenated and used as lubricant bases or may be transformed according to known procedures into compounds of acid, alcohol, amine or amide type, used in varied applications.

Abstract: A process for oligomerising olefins in an organic feed containing at least one olefin comprises two steps with different types of catalysis. The cut to be treated containing at least one olefin (Cn) is introduced via line 1 into a reaction zone R1 where in a first step it undergoes catalytic oligomerisation, either of a liquid phase homogeneous type, or heterogeneous with a solid support. The effluent produced is sent via line 2 to a heat exchanger E1 traversed by a cold liquid. The effluent is thus cooled before being sent via line 3 to a second reaction zone R2 where it undergoes catalytic oligomerisation in a liquid-liquid two-phase medium. After reaction, the effluent is fed via line 4 to a zone L1 where it is washed. After washing, the hydrocarbon fraction is sent via line 5 to separator S1.

Abstract: To obtain branched compounds from fatty substances, simple olefins are reacted on polyunsaturated esters, which may or may not be conjugated, in the presence of an iron catalytic system, whereby the products that are obtained, primarily mono-addition compounds, can be hydrogenated and transformed into various compounds that can be used in particular as a base for surfactants, emulsifiers, emollients, lubricants or heavy metal salts.

Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of an olefinically unsaturated compound in the liquid phase by reaction, in a reaction section, with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a polar phase comprising:

Abstract: In a process for hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds using a catalyst based on cobalt and/or rhodium co-ordinated by at least one ligand selected from the group formed by nitrogen-containing or phosphorus-containing ligands used in a non-aqueous ionic solvent, which catalyst is liquid at a temperature of less than 90° C., in which the aldehydes formed are not or are only slightly soluble and which comprises at least one quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium cation Q+ and at least one anion A−, the improvement of the invention consists in that in the cobalt and/or rhodium complex, the ligand also carries an ionic function (Q′)+(A′)− where Q and Q′ and/or A and A′ are chemically identical.

Abstract: A process is described for carrying out olefin oligomerisation in two catalysis steps of different types, using an organic feed containing at least one olefin. The cut to be treated, containing at least one olefin (Cn), is introduced into a first reaction zone where, in a first step, it undergoes catalytic oligomerisation either of the homogeneous liquid phase type, or of the heterogeneous type with a solid support. The effluent produced is generally sent to a heat exchanger traversed by a cold liquid, the effluent thus being cooled before being sent to a second reaction zone where it undergoes catalytic oligomerisation in a liquid-liquid two-phase medium, the invention being characterized in that at least an ethylenic hydrocarbon containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms per molecule is added to the inlet to the second reaction zone.

Abstract: In a process for hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds using a catalyst based on cobalt and/or rhodium coordinated by at least one ligand selected from the group formed by nitrogen-containing or phosphorus-containing ligands used in a non-aqueous ionic solvent, which catalyst is liquid at a temperature of less than 90° C., in which the aldehydes formed are not or are only slightly soluble and which comprises at least one quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium cation Q+ and at least one anion A−, the improvement of the invention consists in that in the cobalt and/or rhodium complex, the ligand also carries an ionic function (Q′)+(A′)− where Q and Q′ and/or A and A′ are chemically identical.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for the dimerization, the codimerization or the oligomerization of olefins results from the dissolution of at least one nickel complex that contains a heterocyclic carbene in a liquid mixture that comprises at least one ammonium halide or quaternary phosphonium halide, at least one aluminum halide and optionally at least one organometallic aluminum compound. It is used in a process of dimerization, codimerization or oligomerization of olefins.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for the dimerization, the codimerization or the oligomerization of olefins is obtained by bringing into contact at least one nickel compound that contains a heterocyclic carbene with at least one hydrocarbylaluminum halide and optionally at least one organic solvent. It is used in a process of dimerization, codimerization or oligomerization of olefins.

Abstract: In an improved process for hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds using a catalyst based on cobalt and/or rhodium employed in a two-phase medium, a catalyst based on cobalt and/or rhodium is used dissolved in a non-aqueous ionic solvent which is liquid at a temperature of less than 90° C., in which the aldehydes formed are slightly soluble or insoluble. More particularly, the catalyst comprises at least one complex of cobalt and/or rhodium co-ordinated with at least one nitrogen-containing ligand and the non-aqueous ionic solvent comprises at least one quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium cation and at least one inorganic anion. At the end of the reaction, the organic phase is generally separated and the ionic non-aqueous solvent phase containing the catalyst can be re-used.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a reaction on an organic feed, for example dimerization, co-dimerization, oligomerization or metathesis of olefins, as described in which the catalyst is a catalytic metal compound dissolved in a non-aqueous ionic medium which is not or is only slightly miscible with hydrocarbons. The reaction is carried out in a system comprising at least two treatment loops each comprising at least one reaction zone and at least one zone for separating the organic and polar phases between which the polar medium containing the catalytic metal compound, and the organic phase circulate. Fresh polar phase is injected into the second loop and used polar phase is eliminated from the first loop. The hydrocarbon to be transformed is injected into the first loop and the products are withdrawn from the second loop. The invention also concerns a unit for carrying out the process.

Abstract: In order to carry out selective dimerization of propylene principally into branched dimers, a catalytic composition resulting from at least partly dissolving a nickel compound mixed or complexed with a tertiary phosphine carrying a functional group is used in a medium resulting from mixing at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one quaternary phosphonium halide, at least one aluminum halide and optionally at least one organometallic aluminum compound.