Abstract: Disclosed herein are a media file generating/receiving method and apparatus for signaling subpicture id information and a method of transmitting a media file. The media file receiving method comprises obtaining subpicture id information for the video data from the media file and processing the video data based on the obtained subpicture id information. The obtaining the subpicture id information may be performed based on first information indicating whether a value of a subpicture id continuously increases by 1.

Abstract: A video decoding method performed by a video decoding apparatus, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: obtaining image information from a bitstream, wherein the image information includes a picture header associated with a current picture, and the current picture includes a plurality of slices; parsing at least one of a first flag and a second flag from the picture header; generating prediction samples by performing at least one of intra prediction and inter prediction on a current block in the current picture on the basis of at least one of the first flag and the second flag; generating reconstructed samples on the basis of the prediction samples; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the reconstructed samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an entropy decoding method which includes: generating context related to a bin that forms a codeword of a syntax element; and performing arithmetic decoding of the bin based on the context.

Abstract: An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: deriving a multilayer output layer set (OLS) index of a target OLS in a list of multilayer OLSs; acquiring hypothetical reference decoder (HRD)-related information and decoded picture buffer (DPB)-related information for the target OLS, on the basis of the multilayer OLS index; and decoding a picture within the target OLS, on the basis of the HRD-related information and the DPB-related information, wherein the multilayer OLSs are OLSs including a plurality of layers, and the target OLS is one of the multilayer OLSs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file including NAL unit array information, and a method for transmitting the media file are provided. A method for receiving a media file, according to the present disclosure, comprises the steps of: acquiring, from a decoder setting record within a media file, first information indicating whether a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit of a predetermined type can be present within a stream of video data; and processing the video data on the basis of the first information, wherein, on the basis of a sample entry, which transports the NAL unit array of the predetermined type, being a WC sample entry, the first information is limited to have a predetermined value with respect to the NAL unit array of the predetermined type and can be permitted to have a value other than the predetermined value with respect to a NAL unit array of a type differing from the predetermined type.

Abstract: A video decoding method performed by a video decoding apparatus, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: parsing, from a bitstream, flags associated with weighted prediction; parsing a prediction weighted table syntax from a picture header of the bitstream on the basis of the flags; generating prediction samples regarding a current block in a current picture on the basis of syntax elements in the prediction weighted table syntax; and generating reconstructed samples on the basis of the prediction samples, wherein the flags comprise a first flag associated with whether the weighted prediction is applied to slices referring to a picture parameter set of the bitstream, and a second flag associated with whether information related to the weighted prediction is present in the picture header, and the second flag may be parsed from the picture parameter set on the basis of the first flag.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file supporting random access in sample units and a method of transmitting a media file. The media file receiving method may comprise obtaining one or more tracks and sample groups from the media file and processing the video data in the media file by reconstructing a sample included in the track based on the sample group. Based on that samples mapped to a stream access point sample group of a predetermined type or a random access recovery point sample group are present in the track, a current sample among the mapped samples may be constrained to include at least one intra random access point (IRAP) subpicture, and a sample belonging to the same coded layer video sequence (CLVS) as the current sample and following the current sample in decoding order may be constrained to include at least one IRAP subpicture with the same subpicture index value as the non-IRAP subpicture, based on the current sample including a non-IRAP subpicture.

Abstract: An image decoding method performed by a decoding apparatus according to the disclosure of the present document may comprise the steps of: obtaining information related to decoder initialization from a bitstream, initializing a decoder on the basis of the information related to decoder initialization; and performing decoding after initializing the decoder, wherein the information related to decoder initialization includes one or more decoder initialization information sets, and the decoder initialization information set includes level id information and maximum value information of parameters for decoding a bitstream related to the level id information, the value of the level id information specifying a level related to the decoder initialization information set.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. The image decoding method comprises obtaining, from a bitstream, video coding layer (VCL) network abstraction layer (NAL) unit type information of a current picture and first flag information specifying whether a subpicture included in the current picture is treated as one picture, determining a NAL unit type of each of a plurality of slices included in the current picture, based on the obtained VCL NAL unit type information, and decoding the plurality of slices based on the determined NAL unit type and the first flag information. The current picture may comprise two or more subpictures based on at least some of the plurality of slices having different NAL unit types, and the first flag information may have a predetermined value specifying that each of the two or more subpictures is treated as one picture based on at least some of the plurality of slices having different NAL unit types.

Abstract: A method by which a video decoding device decodes a video, according to the present document, can comprise the steps of: parsing, from a bitstream, number information related to the number of slices of which the height within a tile of a current picture is explicitly signaled; parsing, from the bitstream, on the basis of the number information, height information related to the height of the slices of which the height is explicitly signaled; deriving the number of slices in the tile on the basis of the number information and the height information; generating prediction samples by predicting the current block of the current picture on the basis of the slices within the tile; generating reconstructed samples on the basis of the prediction samples; and generating a reconstructed picture for the current picture on the basis of the reconstructed samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the encoding and decoding of image information. According to the present invention, the decoding method comprises the steps of: entropy-decoding received information; performing inter prediction on a current block based on the entropy-decoded information; and restoring images by using the prediction results, wherein, in the inter prediction step, a skip mode or merge mode is applied to the current block and movement information of the current block may be determined based on the movement information of a neighboring block of the current block.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for transmitting/receiving a downlink channel from multiple transmission/reception points in a wireless communication system. A method for a terminal to receive a downlink channel in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: receiving a downlink control channel on the basis of two or more transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states associated with one or more control resource sets (CORESETs); and receiving a downlink data channel on the basis of the two or more TCI states associated with one or more CORESETs, on the basis of TCI information not being included in downlink control information (DCI) received through the downlink control channel, wherein the two or more TCI states may be mapped to the downlink data channel on the basis of a prescribed mapping scheme.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing secure access to a trailer connector includes: a cover, a locking device, and a controller. The cover is configured to be secured to a trailer and to cover at least one connector of the trailer. The cover has an open position in which the connector(s) are accessible and a closed position in which the connector(s) are inaccessible. The locking device has a first state configured to hold the cover in the closed position and a second state configured to permit the cover to move from the closed position to the open position. The controller is configured to cause the locking device to change from the first state to the second state, to permit the cover to move from the closed position to the open position, based on an authorization.

Abstract: A video decoding method by a video decoding apparatus includes: parsing, from a picture parameter set of a bitstream, a first flag related to whether a weighted prediction is applied to slices referring to the picture parameter set; parsing, from the picture parameter set, a second flag related to whether information about the weighted prediction is present in a picture header of the bitstream or is present in a slice header of the bitstream based on the first flag; parsing a prediction weighted table syntax from the picture header or the slice header based on the first flag and the second flag; generating prediction samples for the current block by performing weighted prediction for the current block in a current picture based on syntax elements in the prediction weighted table syntax; and generating reconstructed samples based on the prediction samples.

Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are destroyed by oxidation in supercritical conditions. PFAS in water is concentrated in a reverse osmosis step and salt from the resulting solution is removed in supercritical conditions prior to destruction of PFAS in supercritical conditions.

Abstract: A video coding mechanism is disclosed. The mechanism includes receiving a bitstream comprising a slice and a luma mapping with chroma scaling (LMCS) adaptation parameter set (APS) including LMCS parameters. The mechanism further includes determining that the LMCS APS is referenced in data related to the slice. The mechanism further includes decoding the slice using LMCS parameters from the LMCS APS based on the reference to the LMCS APS. The mechanism further includes forwarding the slice for display as part of a decoded video sequence.

Abstract: A media file generation method according to the present document comprises the steps of configuring at least one of an entity group and a sample group, generating a track, and generating the media file including the track and at least one of the entity group and the sample group, wherein: the entity group includes an operation point entity group; the sample group includes an operation point information sample group; on the basis of the track including no VVC bitstream, the track has one of a first track reference for the operation point entity group and a second track reference for a specific track including the operation point information sample group; and the first track reference is different from the second track reference.

Abstract: A method of decoding includes encountering an end of tile bit with a first value and byte alignment bits in a video bitstream, which indicate that a current coding tree block (CTB) is a last CTB in a tile; encountering an end of CTB row bit with the first value and the byte alignment bits in the video bitstream, which indicate that waveform parallel processing (WPP) is enabled and that the current CTB is the last CTB in a CTB row but not the last CTB in the tile; and reconstructing the plurality of CTBs in the tile based on the end of tile bit with the first value, the end of CTB row bit with the first value, and the byte alignment bits.

Abstract: A video coding mechanism is disclosed. The mechanism includes receiving a bitstream comprising a first adaptation parameter set (APS) network abstraction layer (NAL) unit including an adaptive loop filter (ALF) type, a second APS NAL unit including a scaling list type, a third APS NAL unit including a luma mapping with chroma scaling (LMCS) type, and a slice. The mechanism further includes obtaining ALF parameters from the first APS NAL unit, obtaining scaling list parameters from the second APS NAL unit, and LMCS parameters from the third APS NAL unit. The mechanism further includes decoding the slice using the ALF parameters, the scaling list parameters, and the LMCS parameter. The mechanism further includes forwarding the slice for display as part of a decoded video sequence.